ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques

This document specifies the requirements for the bar code symbology known as EAN/UPC. This document specifies EAN/UPC symbology characteristics, data character encodation, dimensions, tolerances, decoding algorithms and parameters to be defined by applications. It specifies the symbology identifier prefix strings for EAN/UPC symbols. Data content and the rules governing the use of this symbology are outside the scope of this document; they are defined in GS1 General Specifications.

This document specifies test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62 and ISO/IEC 18000-64. However, this document does not apply to the testing of conformance with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are implemented, are verified. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in this document are the following: — type-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; — parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability. Parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements are not included in this document. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62 and ISO/IEC 18000-64.

This document specifies the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the 860 MHz to 930 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. This document is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This document defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence and chip rate. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface. This document specifies the physical and logical requirements for a passive-backscatter, Interrogator-Talks-First (ITF) or tag-only-talks-after-listening (TOTAL) RFID system. This document, together with ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62, ISO/IEC 18000-63 and ISO/IEC 18000-64 specifies the following for the 860 MHz to 930 MHz range: — physical interactions (the signalling layer of the communication link) between interrogators and tags; — interrogator and tag operating procedures and commands; — the collision-arbitration scheme used to identify a specific tag in a multiple-tag environment.

This document specifies an interface within the software system infrastructure (SSI) that provides radio frequency identification (RFID) system control components with low-level access to RFID interrogators for the purpose of optimizing RFID data access and control operations. This interface is designed to be modular with the ability to support multiple RFID air protocols. However, in this document, the only RFID air protocol supported is ISO/IEC 18000-63:2021.

This document defines the crypto suite for PRESENT-80 for the ISO/IEC 18000 series of air interfaces standards for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. This document provides a common crypto suite for security for RFID devices for air interface standards and application standards. The crypto suite is defined in alignment with existing air interfaces. This document specifies basic security services that are use the lightweight block cipher PRESENT-80. The variant of PRESENT that takes 128-bit keys is also considered in this document. This document defines various methods of use for the cipher.

This document specifies methods for determining conformance to the security crypto suite defined in ISO/IEC 29167-11. This document contains conformance tests for all mandatory functions. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in the ISO/IEC 18000 series using ISO/IEC 29167-11.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as Data Matrix Rectangular Extension (DMRE). This document specifies the DMRE code symbology characteristics, data character encodation, symbol formats, dimensions and print quality requirements, error correction rules, decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application parameters. This document applies to all DMRE code symbols produced by any printing or marking technology. Original Data Matrix code sizes are not covered by this document but defined in ISO/IEC 16022 using the same matrix placement, decoding and error correction algorithm.

This document defines general terms used in automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) on which are based further specialized sections in various technical fields, as well as the essential terms to be used by non-specialist users in communication with specialists in AIDC.

This document describes the modifications to the symbol quality methodology defined in ISO/IEC 15415 and provides a symbology specification. This document establishes alternative illumination conditions, some new terms and parameters, modifications to the measurement and subsequent grading of certain parameters, and the reporting of the grading results. This document is intended for verifier manufacturers and application specification developers.

This document specifies the preamble message generated by the reader and interpretable by the receiving system, which indicates the bar code symbology or other origin of transmitted data, together with details of certain specified optional processing features associated with the data message. This document applies to automatic identification device communication conventions and standardizes the reporting of data carriers from bar code readers and other automatic identification equipment.

This document specifies the methods for testing the environmental characteristics of RFID-enabled sporting goods. This document suggest methods for identifying the main use environments and related testing of environmental characteristics of sporting goods for indoor and outdoor sports with RFID and optionally additional advanced electronic devices like sensors. The environmental characteristics addressed in this document are applicable to manufacturers, including distribution and inventory management, as well as the aspects of consumer use of the actual RFID-enabled sports items. This document establishes methods to measure and evaluate the performance change of tags after environmental characteristic testing.

This document specifies a transfer structure, syntax, coding of messages and data formats when using high-capacity automatic data capture (ADC) media.

This document — specifies the methodology for the measurement of specific attributes of bar code symbols, — defines a method for evaluating these measurements and deriving an overall assessment of symbol quality, and — gives information on possible causes of deviation from optimum grades to assist users in taking appropriate corrective action. This document applies to those symbologies for which a reference decode algorithm has been defined, and which are intended to be read using linear scanning methods, but its methodology can be applied partially or wholly to other symbologies.

This document — specifies two methodologies for the measurement of specific attributes of two-dimensional bar code symbols – one of which applies to multi-row bar code symbologies and the other to two-dimensional matrix symbologies; — specifies methods for evaluating and grading these measurements and deriving an overall assessment of symbol quality; — gives information on possible causes of deviation from optimum grades to assist users in taking appropriate corrective action. This document applies to two-dimensional symbologies for which a reference decode algorithm has been defined, however the methodologies in this document can be applied partially or wholly to other similar symbologies. NOTE While this document can be applied to direct part marks, better correlation between measurement results and scanning performance can be obtained with ISO/IEC 29158 in combination with this document.

This document specifies the different approaches for using HTTP URIs to encode globally unique identifiers. It specifies a dual use data structure. It is both an HTTP URI and a composition of structured item identification properties and optionally descriptive attributes. These can be decomposed and interpreted on their own and/or be used as a pointer to additional information. Methods are described to enable identification uniqueness in the context of AIDC. These rely on either: a) identifiers, such as described in the ISO/IEC 15459 series[7], in the path or query string independent of the internet domain name; or, b) the internet domain name. The document further defines a basic common API for querying online services for information about identified items.

This document specifies the identification, data, information services, application guidance aspects and applicable requirements of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technology for different items and their hierarchy in industrial construction during their whole life cycle. This document — provides unique identification for items in industrial construction, — specifies the semantics and data syntax to be used, — specifies the data carriers to be used on items of various categories, substitutes and sizes, — makes recommendations about the metadata of the items, — specifies the application test method and parameters based on the large-scale test and scientific sampling rules, — defines the information services protocol to be used as an interface between business applications and the AIDC system, and — makes guidance for designers, workers, engineers, managers, end users and maintainers about the AIDC application in their daily work.

This document specifies requirements for the symbology known as “QR code”. It specifies the QR code symbology characteristics, data character encoding methods, symbol formats, dimensional characteristics, error correction rules, reference decoding algorithm, production quality requirements and user-selectable application parameters.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as Data Matrix. It specifies the Data Matrix symbology characteristics, data character encodation, symbol formats, dimensions and print quality requirements, error correction rules, decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application parameters. It applies to all Data Matrix symbols produced by any printing or marking technology.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as Aztec Code. It specifies the Aztec Code symbology characteristics, including: — data character encodation; — rules for error control encoding; — the graphical symbol structure; — symbol dimensions and print quality requirements; — a reference decoding algorithm; — user-selectable application parameters.

This document specifies the test methods for representative samples of the equipment and the minimum accuracy criteria applicable to verifiers using the methodologies of ISO/IEC 15415 for multi-row bar code symbols and two-dimensional matrix symbologies. This document also specifies reference calibration standards for verifier conformance. NOTE ISO/IEC 15426-1 applies to verifiers for linear bar code symbols.

This document specifies a test method to evaluate the interference rejection performance of UHF RFID interrogators covered by ISO/IEC 18000-63, and specifies the general requirements and test requirements of that test method. NOTE The interference rejection test method of this document is different to the one in ISO/IEC 18046-3:2020, 8.5. This document covers interference effects between the tags and a heterogeneous (diverse content) wireless system. ISO/IEC 18046-3 covers interference effect between tags and homogeneous (same content) wireless systems. This test method enables the comparison of the relative interference rejection performance among UHF RFID interrogators under a single wireless interference environment. In addition, this document can be used in a benchmarking test, according to requirements in a given application or service.

This document defines the basic features of RFID for use in the supply chain when applied to product tagging, product packaging, transport units and returnable transport items (RTIs) and returnable packaging items (RPIs). This document: — provides specifications for the identification of the items, — makes recommendations about additional information on the RF tag, — specifies the semantics and data syntax to be used, — specifies the data protocol to be used to interface with business applications and the RFID system, — specifies the minimum performance requirements, — specifies the air interface standards between the RF interrogator and RF tag, and — specifies the reuse and recyclability of the RF tag.

This document specifies the requirements for the bar code symbology known as Code 39. This document specifies Code 39 symbology characteristics, data character encodation, dimensions, tolerances, decoding algorithms and parameters to be defined by applications. This document specifies the symbology identifier prefix strings for Code 39 symbols.

This document defines the crypto suite for PRESENT-80 for the ISO/IEC 18000 series of air interfaces standards for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. This document provides a common crypto suite for security for RFID devices for air interface standards and application standards. The crypto suite is defined in alignment with existing air interfaces. This document specifies basic security services that are use the lightweight block cipher PRESENT-80. The variant of PRESENT that takes 128-bit keys is also considered in this document. This document defines various methods of use for the cipher. A Tag and an Interrogator can support one, a subset, or all of the specified options, clearly stating what is supported.

This document specficies test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000-63. This document does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods specify only the verification of the mandatory functions and any optional functions which are implemented. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in this document are the following: — type-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; — parameters that directly affect system functionality and inter-operability. Parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements are not included in this document. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in ISO/IEC 18000-63.

This document defines interfaces for device management of RFID systems. Interfaces are defined that provide for discovery, configuration, initialization and monitoring of RFID systems within the software system infrastructure (SSI). This document only deals with devices that provide RFID related services. It does not distinguish the form factor of such RFID devices. This document provides two distinct interface sets, one based on the GS1 EPCglobal DCI standard and the IETF SNMP RFCs and the other based on the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) DPWS standard. The definition of the Device Profile for RFID is referred to in this document as the RFID Device Management Profile, or RDMP. Each interface option set provides interface definitions that provide ISO/IEC 24791-3 Client Endpoints and Services Endpoints with the mechanisms for: — the discovery of the RFID devices and services on a local or remote subnet; — a firmware upgrade service; — a management service that implements configuration related functions; — a monitoring service for reporting alerts, diagnostics, and performance information. The two interface set definitions provided by this document allow for clients and services endpoints to implement and provide the services based on the specific characteristics of the RFID system to be implemented. Subclause 1.2 defines the Conformance requirements for systems that implement components of one or both of the interface sets.

This document describes a crypto suite based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for the ISO/IEC 18000 series of standards protocol. In particular, this document specifies the use of elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key agreement in a secure channel establishment and the use of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) in an authentication mechanism. This document specifies a crypto suite for ECDSA-ECDH for air interface for RFID systems. The crypto suite is defined in alignment with existing air interfaces. This document defines a mutual authentication method and methods of use for the cipher. A Tag and an Interrogator can support one, a subset, or all of the specified options, clearly stating what is supported. Key update is not supported in this document. ECDSA-ECDH cipher is a high-weight security protocol especially for active RFID system, aiming at meeting those scenarios with high level security requirement.

The document addresses specific requirements which are applicable to all types of electronic devices with an integral display such as cell phones, computer tablets, desktop and laptop computers, monitors and printers.

This document specifies methods for determining conformance to the security crypto suite defined in ISO/IEC 29167-11. This document contains conformance tests for all mandatory functions. The conformance parameters are the following: — parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability; — protocol including commands and replies; — nominal values and tolerances. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in the ISO/IEC 18000 series using ISO/IEC 29167-11.

This document is an ISO/IEC 9594‑8 [public key infrastructure (PKI) digital signatures and certificates] application specification for automated identification services. It specifies a method whereby data stored within a barcode and/or RFID tag are structured, encoded and digitally signed. ISO/IEC 9594‑8 is used to provide a standard method for key and data description management and distribution. The data capacity and/or data transfer capacity of automated identification data carriers are restricted. This restricts the normal use of a digital signature as specified in ISO/IEC 9594‑8 within automated identification services. The purpose of this document is to provide an open and interoperable method, between automated identification services and data carriers, to read data, verify data originality and data integrity in an offline use case. This document specifies — the meta data structure, the DigSig, which contains the digital signature and encoded structured data, — the public key certificate parameter and extension use, the DigSig certificate, which contains the certified associated public key, the structured data description, the read methods, and private containers, — the method to specify, read, describe, sign, verify, encode, and decode the structured data, the DigSig Data Description, — the DigSig EncoderGenerator which generates the relevant asymmetric key pairs, keeps the private key secret, and generates the DigSigs, and — the DigSig DecoderVerifier which, by using to the DigSig certificate, reads the DigSig from the set of data carriers, verifies the DigSig and extracts the structured data from the DigSig. This document does not specify — cryptographic methods, or — key management methods.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as rMQR. It specifies the rMQR symbology characteristics, data character encoding methods, symbol formats, dimensional characteristics, error correction rules, reference decoding algorithm, printing quality requirements and user-selectable application parameters.

This document explains the changes incorporated in ISO/IEC 15416:2016 compared to ISO/IEC 15416:2000 and highlights the impact of these changes for the users' benefit.

This document specifies the performance evaluation specifications of thermal transfer type printers (hereinafter referred to as bar code printers), consumables, and bar code readers (regardless of the reading method) used in bar code systems. The rank of performance is also defined by the evaluation items. This document can be applied to the following evaluation tests by combining ISO/IEC 15416 and ISO/IEC 15415, which define the print qualities of bar code symbols. NOTE This document is not prevented from being cited in the evaluation of thermal printers using thermal paper and printers using “plain or exclusive paper” (commercial printing, ink jet printers, electrophotographic printers, etc.). a) Print performance of bar code printers (including consumables) b) Brightness and smoothness of “reception paper or label”, and adhesion of the label c) Strength of reception paper or label on which the bar code is printed d) Reading performance of bar code readers e) Electrical, mechanical and environmental characteristics of bar code printers and bar code readers

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as JAB Code. It specifies the JAB Code symbology characteristics, symbol structure, symbol dimensions, symbol cascading rules, data character encodation, error correction rules, user-selectable application parameters, print quality requirements and a reference decode algorithm.

This document defines test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000‑3. It does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods intend to verify the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are implemented. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. This document includes the following interrogator and tag conformance parameters: — mode-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; — parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability. This document does not include the following: — parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements; — high-level data encoding conformance test parameters (these are specified in ISO/IEC 15962).

This document focuses on encoding the transfer syntax of the application commands defined in ISO/IEC 15961-1. The encodation is in a Logical Memory as a software analogue of the physical memory of the RFID tag being addressed by the interrogator. This document — defines the encoded structure of object identifiers; — specifies the data compaction rules that apply to the encoded data; — specifies a Precursor for encoding syntax features efficiently; — specifies formatting rules for the data, e.g. depending on whether a directory is used or not; — defines how application commands, e.g. to lock data, are transferred to the Tag Driver; — specifies processes associated with sensory information and the transfers to the Tag Driver; — defines other communication to the application.

This document focuses on the abstract interface between an application and the data processor and includes the specification and definition of application commands and responses. It allows data and commands to be specified in a standardised way, independent of the ISO/IEC 18000 series air interfaces. This document: — provides guidelines on presenting data as objects; — defines the structure of Object Identifiers, based on ISO/IEC 9834-1; — specifies the commands that are supported for transferring data between an application and the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag; — specifies the responses that are supported for transferring data between the tag and the application; — does not specify any required transfer syntax with ISO/IEC 15962, but provides the non-normative information in Annex A for backward compatibility with the 2004 version of this document (ISO/IEC 15961:2004[1]). [1] Withdrawn standard. Replaced by ISO/IEC 15961-1, ISO/IEC 15961-2, ISO/IEC 15961-3 and ISO/IEC 15961-4.

This document defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the 860 MHz to 960 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. It provides a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used to develop RFID application standards. This document is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. It defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface. This document specifies the physical and logical requirements for a passive-backscatter, Interrogator-Talks-First (ITF) systems. The system comprises Interrogators, also known as readers, and tags, also known as labels. An Interrogator receives information from a tag by transmitting a continuous-wave (CW) RF signal to the tag; the tag responds by modulating the reflection coefficient of its antenna, thereby backscattering an information signal to the Interrogator. The system is ITF, i.e. a tag modulates its antenna reflection coefficient with an information signal only after being directed to do so by an Interrogator. This document specifies — physical interactions (the signalling layer of the communication link) between Interrogators and tags; — logical operating procedures and commands between Interrogators and Tags; — the collision arbitration scheme used to identify a specific tag in a multiple-tag environment; — optional security commands that allow the use of crypto suites of ISO/IEC 29167.

This document establishes the general requirements for electronic product labelling which can be applicable to all types of product regardless of industry.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as Han Xin Code. It specifies the Han Xin Code symbology characteristics, data encoding process, symbol structure, dimensions and print quality requirements, error correction rules, reference decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application parameters.

This document defines a test method to evaluate the interference rejection performance of tags covered by ISO/IEC 18000-63 and a heterogeneous wireless system using different access technologies, e.g. radio frequency identification and cell phone network. It specifies the general requirements and test requirements. The test method in this document makes it possible to compare the relative interference rejection performance among tags under a single wireless interference environment. In addition, this document can be used in a benchmarking test according to requirements in a given application or service.

This document is an engineering document intended for verifier manufacturers and application specification developers. This document describes modifications to the symbol quality methodology defined in ISO/IEC 15415 and a symbology specification. It defines alternative illumination conditions, some new terms and parameters, modifications to the measurement and subsequent grading of certain parameters and the reporting of the grading results. This document was developed to assess the symbol quality of direct marked parts, where the mark is applied directly to the surface of the item and the reading device is a two-dimensional imager. When application specifications allow, this method is also potentially applicable to symbols produced by other methods. This is appropriate when direct part marked (DPM) symbols and non-DPM symbols are being scanned in the same scanning environment. The symbol grade is reported as a DPM grade rather than as an ISO/IEC 15415 grade.

This document specifies the design and use of the RFID Emblem: an easily identified visual guide that indicates the presence of radio frequency identification (RFID). It does not address the location of the RFID Emblem on a label. Specific placement requirements are left to application standards developers. This document also specifies an RFID Index, which can be included in the RFID Emblem and which addresses the complication added by the wide range of RFID tags in existence (frequency, protocol and data structure). The RFID Index is a two-character code that provides specific information about tags and interrogators. Successful reading of RFID tags requires knowledge of the frequency, protocol and data structure information provided by the RFID Index.

This document defines test methods for performance characteristics of RFID tags for item management and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for tags which are applicable to the selection of devices for an application. The summary of the test reports forms a unified tag datasheet.

This document describes test methods for determining the conformance of security crypto suites defined in ISO/IEC 29167-16. This document contains conformance tests for all mandatory and applicable optional functions. The conformance parameters are the following: — parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability; — protocol including commands and replies; — nominal values and tolerances. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in the ISO/IEC 18000 series using ISO/IEC 29167-16.

This document specifies the procedural requirements to maintain identities and outlines the obligations of the Registration Authority.

This document defines test methods for performance characteristics of RFID interrogators and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for interrogators which are applicable to the selection of the devices for an application. The summary of the test reports forms a unified interrogator datasheet.

This document describes numbering systems that are available for the identification of RF tags and assigns various allocation classes to various agencies that issue manufacturer codes. The unique ID can be used: — for the traceability of the integrated circuit itself for quality control in its manufacturing process; — for the traceability of the RF tag during its manufacturing process and along its lifetime; — for the completion of the reading in a multi-antenna configuration; — by the anti-collision mechanism to inventory multiple tags in the reader's field of view; and — for the traceability of the item to which the RF tag is attached.

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as extended rectangular data matrix (DMRE). It specifies the DMRE code symbology characteristics, data character encodation, symbol formats, dimensions and print quality requirements, error correction rules, decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application parameters. It applies to all DMRE code symbols produced by any printing or marking technology. Original data matrix code sizes are not covered by this document but defined in ISO/IEC 16022 using the same matrix placement, decoding and error correction algorithm.