35.040 - Information coding
ICS 35.040 Details
Information coding
Zeichensatze. Codes
Jeux de caracteres et codage de l'information
Kodiranje informacij
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This document provides reference software for Rec. ITU-T H.266 | ISO/IEC 23090-3. The reference software includes both encoder and decoder functionality. Reference software is useful in aiding users of a video coding standard to establish and test conformance and interoperability, and to educate users and demonstrate the capabilities of the standard. For these purposes, the accompanying software is provided as an aid for the study and implementation of Rec. ITU-T H.266 | ISO/IEC 23090-3.
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This document describes the architecture of systems for the internet of media things. It also includes a comprehensive set of use cases that can be deployed on such an architecture.
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This document specifies the requirements for the bar code symbology known as EAN/UPC. This document specifies EAN/UPC symbology characteristics, data character encodation, dimensions, tolerances, decoding algorithms and parameters to be defined by applications. It specifies the symbology identifier prefix strings for EAN/UPC symbols. Data content and the rules governing the use of this symbology are outside the scope of this document; they are defined in GS1 General Specifications.
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This document specifies test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62 and ISO/IEC 18000-64. However, this document does not apply to the testing of conformance with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are implemented, are verified. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in this document are the following: — type-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; — parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability. Parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements are not included in this document. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are intended to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62 and ISO/IEC 18000-64.
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This document specifies extensions to existing scene description formats in order to support MPEG media, in particular immersive media. MPEG media includes but is not limited to media encoded with MPEG codecs, media stored in MPEG containers, MPEG media and application formats as well as media provided through MPEG delivery mechanisms. Extensions include scene description format syntax and semantics and the processing model when using these extensions by a Presentation Engine. It also defines a media access function (MAF) API for communication between the Presentation Engine and the media access function for these extensions. While the extensions defined in this document can be applicable to other scene description formats, they are provided for ISO/IEC 12113.
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The document specifies a set of tests and procedures designed to indicate whether encoders or decoders meet the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 23090-31.
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This document contains simulation software for the MPEG-Immersive Audio standard as defined in ISO/IEC 23090-4.
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This document specifies technology that supports the real-time interactive rendering of an immersive virtual or augmented reality audio presentation while permitting the user to have 6DoF movement in the audio scene. It defines metadata to support this rendering and a bitstream syntax that enables efficient storage and streaming of immersive audio content.
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This document specifies the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the 860 MHz to 930 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. This document is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This document defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence and chip rate. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface. This document specifies the physical and logical requirements for a passive-backscatter, Interrogator-Talks-First (ITF) or tag-only-talks-after-listening (TOTAL) RFID system. This document, together with ISO/IEC 18000-61, ISO/IEC 18000-62, ISO/IEC 18000-63 and ISO/IEC 18000-64 specifies the following for the 860 MHz to 930 MHz range: — physical interactions (the signalling layer of the communication link) between interrogators and tags; — interrogator and tag operating procedures and commands; — the collision-arbitration scheme used to identify a specific tag in a multiple-tag environment.
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This document contains simulation software for the MPEG-H 3D audio standard as defined in ISO/IEC 23008-3.
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This document specifies an interface within the software system infrastructure (SSI) that provides radio frequency identification (RFID) system control components with low-level access to RFID interrogators for the purpose of optimizing RFID data access and control operations. This interface is designed to be modular with the ability to support multiple RFID air protocols. However, in this document, the only RFID air protocol supported is ISO/IEC 18000-63:2021.
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This document contains the reference software of the ISO/IEC 21122 series. It acts as guidance for implementation of the ISO/IEC 21122 series and as a reference for conformance testing.
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This document defines the crypto suite for PRESENT-80 for the ISO/IEC 18000 series of air interfaces standards for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. This document provides a common crypto suite for security for RFID devices for air interface standards and application standards. The crypto suite is defined in alignment with existing air interfaces. This document specifies basic security services that are use the lightweight block cipher PRESENT-80. The variant of PRESENT that takes 128-bit keys is also considered in this document. This document defines various methods of use for the cipher.
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This document specifies the procedure for registration of organization identification schemes, and the requirements for the administration of International Code Designator values, to designate these organization identification schemes.
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This document specifies an image coding technology known as JPEG AI learning-based image coding (JPEG AI) comprising an image coding technology that facilitates the compression and processing of images for both human and machine vision. The scope of the JPEG AI document is the creation of a learning-based image coding standard offering a single-stream, compact compressed domain representation, targeting both human visualization, with significant compression efficiency improvement over image coding standards in common use at equivalent subjective quality, and effective performance for image processing and computer vision tasks. The core coding system describes JPEG AI standard for the human vision reconstruction task and thus specifies the JPEG AI specifies the parsing coded stream and the image reconstruction process. Only the syntax format, semantics, and associated decoding process requirements are specified, while other matters such as pre-processing, the encoding process, system signalling and multiplexing, data loss recovery, post-processing, and video display are considered to be outside the scope of this document. This document is designed to be generic in the sense that it serves a wide range of applications, bit rates, resolutions, qualities and services. In the course of creating this document, several requirements from typical applications have been considered, necessary algorithmic elements have been developed, and these have been integrated into a single syntax. Hence, this document is designed to facilitate image data interchange among different applications and services.
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This document specifies the syntax, semantics and decoding processes for MPEG immersive video (MIV), as an extension of ISO/IEC 23090-5. It provides support for playback of a three-dimensional (3D) scene within a limited range of viewing positions and orientations, with 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DoF).
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This document specifies carriage of haptic media in ISO base media files.
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The present document specifies policy and security requirements relating to the operation and management practices of TSPs issuing time-stamps. These policy requirements are applicable to TSPs issuing time-stamps. Such time-stamps can be used in support of digital signatures or for any application requiring to prove that a datum existed before a particular time. The present document can be used by independent bodies as the basis for confirming that a TSP can be trusted for issuing time-stamps. The present document does not specify protocols used to access the TSUs.
NOTE 1: A time-stamping protocol is defined in IETF RFC 3161 [i.2] including optional update in IETF RFC 5816 [i.3] and profiled in ETSI EN 319 422 [5].
The present document does not specify how the requirements identified can be assessed by an independent party, including requirements for information to be made available to such independent assessors, or requirements on such assessors.
NOTE 2: See ETSI EN 319 403-1 [i.9] for guidance on assessment of TSP's processes and services.
NOTE 3: The present document references ETSI EN 319 401 [4] for general policy requirements common to all classes of TSP's services.
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This document specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialization of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.
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This document specifies: — How to uniquely identify Digital Items (and parts thereof); — How to uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items (and parts thereof), for example abstractions; — How to express the relationship between the two above identifiers; — How to deal with varying levels of functional granularity for Digital Item identifiers; — How to uniquely identify description schemes; — The relationship between Digital Items (and parts thereof) and existing identification systems. Annex C contains a list of relevant identification systems. This is not an exhaustive list and is subject to change over time; — How to express the relationship between two Digital Items. This document does not specify: — New identification systems for the content elements for which identification and description schemes already exist and are in use (e.g. this document does not attempt to replace the ISRC, as defined in ISO 3901, for sound recordings); — Normative description schemes for describing content.
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This document describes the desired joint behaviour of MPEG-4 Systems (MPEG-4 File Format) and MPEG-4 Audio codecs. It is desired that MPEG-4 Audio encoders and decoders permit finite length signals to be encoded to a file (particularly MPEG-4 files) and decoded again to obtain the identical signal, subject to codec distortions. This enables the use of audio in systems implementations (particularly MPEG-4 Systems), perhaps with other media such as video, in a deterministic fashion. Most importantly, the decoded signal has nothing “extra” at the beginning or “missing” at the end. This permits: a) an exact "round trip" from raw audio to encoded file back to raw audio (excepting encoding artefacts); b) predictable synchronization between audio and other media such as video; c) correct behaviour when performing random access as well as when starting at the beginning of a stream; d) identical behaviour when edits are applied in the raw domain and the encoded domain (excepting encoding artefacts). It is also expected that there be predictable interoperability between encoders (as represented by files) and decoders. There are two kinds of audio "offsets" (or "delay" in the context of transmission): those that are result from the encoding process, and those that are result from the decoding process. This document is primarily concerned with the latter. These issues are resolved by the following: — The handling of composition time stamps for audio composition units is specified. Special care is taken in the case of compressed data, like HE-AAC coded audio, that can be decoded in a backward compatible fashion as well as in an enhanced fashion. — Examples are given that show how a finite length signals can be encoded to an MPEG-4 file and decoded again to obtain the identical signal, excepting codec distortions. Most importantly, the decoded signal has nothing “extra” at the beginning or “missing” at the end.
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This document specifies the format of the Session-Based Description document and the media presentation description's (MPD) extension to be used in session-based operations with ISO/IEC 23009-1 (MPEG DASH).
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This document specifies the encapsulation of codestreams specified in the JPEG 2000 family of Recommendations | International Standards into file formats derived from ISO/IEC 14496-12, including the file format specified in ISO/IEC 23008-12.
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This document provides the means of evaluating the performance of ISO 11784- and ISO 11785-conformant radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponders used in the individual identification of animals. It defines procedures of measuring technical parameters characterizing the performance of transponders. In Annex B an explanation is given how to interpret these parameters and how to link them to infield requirements.
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This document defines a reference comparison method. This method is applicable to two or more character strings to determine their collating order in a sorted list. The method can be applied to strings containing characters from the full repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646. This method is also applicable to subsets of that repertoire to produce ordering results valid (after tailoring) for a given set of languages for each script. This method uses collation tables derived either from the Common Template Tables (CTT) referenced by this document or from one of their tailoring. The format of the Common Template Table is described using the Backus-Naur Form (BNF). The format is used normatively within this document. This document also defines syntax elements to tailor these Common Template Tables used by the reference comparison method. Furthermore, it defines requirements for a declaration of the differences (delta) between a collation table and a given Common Template Table including the tailoring elements. These Common Template Tables describe an order for all characters encoded in the current and past ISO/IEC 10646 editions, including amendments. They allow for a specification of a fully deterministic ordering. These tables enable the specification of a string ordering adapted to local ordering rules, without requiring an implementer to have knowledge of all the different scripts already encoded in the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS). All these Common Template Tables have reference names which are related to a particular stage of development of the ISO/IEC 10646 Universal coded character set or a particular version of the Unicode Standard. These names and their relationship with ISO/IEC 10646 or the Unicode Standard repertoire are specified by an externally referenced document: Unicode Technical Standard, UTS #10, Unicode Collation Algorithm. This document does not: — mandate a specific comparison method; any equivalent method giving the same results is acceptable; — mandate a specific format for describing or tailoring tables in a given implementation; — mandate specific symbols to be used by implementations; — mandate any specific internal format for intermediate keys used when comparing, nor for the table used. The use of numeric keys is not mandated either; — mandate a context-dependent ordering; — mandate any particular preparation of character strings prior to comparison. NOTE 1 It is typical to do preparation of character strings prior to comparison even if it is not prescribed by this document (see Annex C). NOTE 2 Annex D describes problems that gave way to this document with their anticipated solutions.
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The present document defines multiple profiles for PAdES digital signatures which are digital signatures embedded within a PDF file.
The present document contains a profile for the use of PDF signatures, as described in ISO 32000-2 [1] and based on CMS digital signatures [i.6], that enables greater interoperability for PDF signatures by providing additional restrictions beyond those of ISO 32000-2 [1]. This first profile is not related to ETSI EN 319 142-1 [4].
The present document also contains a second set of profiles that extend the scope of the profile in ETSI EN 319 142-1 [4], while keeping some features that enhance interoperability of PAdES signatures. These profiles define three levels of PAdES extended signatures addressing incremental requirements to maintain the validity of the
signatures over the long term, in a way that a certain level always addresses all the requirements addressed at levels that are below it. These PAdES extended signatures offer a higher degree of optionality than the PAdES baseline signatures specified in ETSI EN 319 142-1 [4]. The present document also defines a third profile for usage of an arbitrary XML document signed with XAdES signatures that is embedded within a PDF file. The profiles defined in the present document provide equivalent requirements to profiles found in ETSI TS 102 778 [i.10]. Procedures for creation, augmentation, and validation of PAdES digital signatures are out of scope and specified in ETSI EN 319 102-1 [i.11]. Guidance on creation, augmentation and validation of PAdES digital signatures including the usage of the different attributes is provided in ETSI TR 119 100 [i.9]. The present document does not repeat the base requirements of the referenced standards, but instead aims to maximize interoperability of digital signatures in various business areas.
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This document specifies advanced video coding for coding of audio-visual objects.
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This document defines the JPEG Pleno framework for learning-based point cloud coding. This document is applicable to interactive human visualization, with competitive compression efficiency compared to state of the art point cloud coding solutions in common use, and effective performance for 3D processing and machine-related computer vision tasks, and has the goal of supporting a royalty-free baseline. This document specifies a coded codestream format for storage of point clouds. It provides information on the encoding tools. It also defines extensions to the JPEG Pleno File Format and associated metadata descriptors that are specific to point cloud modalities.
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IEC 61937-17:2025 specifies the method to convey non-linear PCM bitstreams encoded according to the AVS3-P3 format.
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This document specifies the Image File Format, an interoperable storage format for a single image, a collection of images, and sequences of images. The format defined in this document is built on tools defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 and enables the interchange, editing, and display of images, as well as the carriage of metadata associated with those images. The Image File Format defines structures used to contain metadata, how to link that metadata to the images, and defines how metadata of certain forms is carried. This document also specifies brands for the storage of images and image sequences conforming to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), JPEG, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) and Essential Video Coding (EVC). NOTE The storage of HEVC, AVC, VVC and EVC video sequences is out of scope and is provided in ISO/IEC 14496-15.
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The network-based media processing (NBMP) framework defines the interfaces including both data formats and application programming interfaces (APIs) among the entities connected through digital networks for media processing. Users can access and configure their operations remotely for efficient, intelligent processing. This document describes and manages workflows to be applied to the media data. This process includes uploading of media data to the network, instantiation of the media processing tasks, and configuration of the tasks. The framework enables dynamic creation of media processing pipelines, as well as access to processed media data and metadata in real-time or in a deferred way. The media and metadata formats used between the media source, workflow manager and media processing entities in a media processing pipeline are also specified.
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This document provides context, motivation and use case descriptions for a set of Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) standards that collectively deliver media directly to render-based applications such as game engines with a renderer component, or standalone renderers. Emerging examples where such applications are especially relevant include metaverse applications and immersive displays where such displays provide an interface to renderers. This document: — describes the motivators leading to the development of new MPEG standards that facilitate the streaming of media to render-based applications; — differentiates between visual media distributed for video-based applications and visual media distributed to render-based applications; — provides an overview of a media workflow from content production to content distribution; — provides general information on relevant components of render-based systems including game engines and renderers — identifies key components and resources (compute, storage, or network) comprising a heterogeneous set of immersive displays and other render-based applications; — and documents use cases for end-to-end interoperability, including audio, video, graphics and systems aspects for render-based systems and applications.
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The present document defines specific QCStatement for the qcStatements extension as defined in IETF RFC 3739 [2],
clause 3.2.6, including requirements for their use in EU qualified certificates. Some of these QCStatements can be used
for other forms of certificate.
The QCStatements defined in the present document can be used in combination with any certificate profile, either
defined in ETSI EN 319 412-2 [i.2], ETSI EN 319 412-3 [i.5] and ETSI EN 319 412-4 [i.6], or defined elsewhere.
The QCStatements defined in clause 4.3 can be applied to regulatory environments outside the EU. Other requirements
specified in clause 4 are specific to Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 [i.8] but may be adapted for other regulatory
environments.
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The present document provides an overview of the Recommendation ITU-T X.509 | ISO/IEC 9594-8 [i.3] based
certificate profiles and the statements for EU Qualified Certificates specified in other parts of ETSI EN 319 412 ([i.4] to
[i.7]). It specifies common data structures that are referenced from other parts of ETSI EN 319 412 ([i.4] to [i.7]).
The profiles specified in this multi-part deliverable aim to support both Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 [i.9] and the use
of certificates in a wider international context. Within the European context, it aims to support both EU Qualified
Certificates and other forms of certificate.
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The present document specifies requirements on the content of certificates issued to natural persons. This profile builds
on IETF RFC 5280 [1] for generic profiling of Recommendation ITU-T X.509 | ISO/IEC 9594-8 [i.3].
This profile supports the requirements of EU Qualified Certificates as specified in the Regulation (EU)
No 910/2014 [i.5] as well as other forms of certificate. The scope of the present document is primary limited to
facilitate interoperable processing and display of certificate information. This profile therefore excludes support for
some certificate information content options, which can be perfectly valid in a local context but which are not regarded
as relevant or suitable for use in widely deployed applications.
The present document focuses on requirements on certificate content. Requirements on decoding and processing rules
are limited to aspects required to process certificate content defined in the present document. Further processing
requirements are only specified for cases where it adds information that is necessary for the sake of interoperability.
Certain applications or protocols impose specific requirements on certificate content. The present document is based on
the assumption that these requirements are adequately defined by the respective application or protocol. It is therefore
outside the scope of the present document to specify such application or protocol specific certificate content
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The present document specifies a certificate profile for web site certificates that are accessed by the TLS protocol [i.1].
The profile defined in the present document builds on the CA/Browser Forum Baseline requirements [2], Extended
validation guidelines [3] and other parts of the present multi-part deliverable.
The present document focuses on requirements on certificate content. Requirements on decoding and processing rules
are limited to aspects required to process certificate content defined in the present document. Further processing
requirements are only specified for cases where it adds information that is necessary for the sake of interoperability.
This profile can be used for legal and natural persons. For certificates issued to legal persons, the profile builds on the
CA/Browser Forum EV Profile [3] or baseline requirements [2]. For certificates issued to natural persons, the profile
builds only on CA/Browser Forum baseline requirements [2].
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The present document specifies policy and security requirements for the issuance, maintenance and life-cycle
management of EU qualified certificates as defined in Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 [i.1]. These policy and security
requirements support reference certificate policies for the issuance, maintenance and life-cycle management of EU
qualified certificates issued to natural persons (including natural persons associated with a legal person or a website)
and to legal persons (including legal persons associated with a website), respectively.
The present document does not specify how the requirements identified can be assessed by an independent party,
including requirements for information to be made available to such independent assessors, or requirements on such
assessors.
NOTE: See ETSI EN 319 403 [i.6] for guidance on assessment of TSP's processes and services. The present
document references ETSI EN 319 411-1 [2] for general requirements on TSP issuing certificates.
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This document specifies the reference software and conformance suite for carriage of G-PCC data as specified in ISO/IEC 23090-18. The information provided describes the reference software modules and the features that it supports. It includes the status of the development of the reference software for ISOBMFF encapsulation of carriage of G-PCC data. It also provides a description of how the reference software can be utilized and a description of conformance test vectors.
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This document defines fundamental terminology for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.
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This document specifies information metadata, metrics metadata, clinical data linkage metadata, auxiliary fields, SAM interoperability, protection metadata and programming interfaces of genomic information. It defines: — metadata storage and interpretation for the different encapsulation levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_6 \r \h Clause 6 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0036000000 ); — metrics metadata containing sequencing data metrics at the dataset and access unit levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_7 \r \h Clause 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0037000000 ); — clinical data linkage metadata stored at the dataset group, dataset and annotation table levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_8 \r \h Clause 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0038000000 ); — protection elements providing confidentiality, integrity and privacy rules at the different encapsulation levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_9 \r \h Clause 9 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0039000000 ); — how to associate auxiliary fields to encoded reads (in REF Section_sec_10 \r \h Clause 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310030000000 ); — interfaces to access genomic information coded in compliance with ISO/IEC 23092-1 and ISO/IEC 23092-2 (in REF Section_sec_12 \r \h Clause 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310032000000 ); — mechanisms for backward compatibility with existing SAM content, and exportation to this format (in Annex E).
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ISO/IEC 15459-3:2014 specifies the common rules applicable for unique identification that are required to ensure full compatibility across different identities.
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