IEC 61377:2016
(Main)Railway applications - Rolling stock - Combined test method for traction systems
Railway applications - Rolling stock - Combined test method for traction systems
IEC 61377:2016 applies to the traction system consisting of traction motor(s), converter(s), traction control equipment including software, transformer, input filters, brake resistors, main circuit-breaker, cooling equipment, transducers, contactors, etc. Types of motors applicable in this standard are asynchronous, or synchronous including permanent magnet (PMM), or direct current (DC). The objective of this standard is to specify the type test of a traction system, mainly comprising of:
- test of performance characteristics;
- test methods of verifying these performance characteristics. This new edition includes the following main technical changes with regard to the previous editions: it includes updates as necessary in order to meet the current technical state of the art, to improve clarity and to create an edition that considers all types of motors part of a traction system.
Applications ferroviaires - Matériel roulant - Méthode d'essais combinés pour systèmes de traction
L'IEC 61377:2016 s'applique au système de traction constitué de moteur(s) de traction, convertisseur(s), équipement de régulation de traction y compris logiciel, transformateur, filtres d'entrée, résistances de freinage, disjoncteur principal, équipement de refroidissement, transducteurs, contacteurs, etc. Les types de moteurs applicables dans la présente Norme sont les moteurs asynchrones, les moteurs synchrones y compris les moteurs à aimant permanent (ou PMM: permanent magnet motor), ou les moteurs à courant continu. La présente Norme a pour objet de spécifier l'essai de type du système de traction, comprenant principalement:
- l'essai des caractéristiques de performances;
- les méthodes de vérification de ces caractéristiques de performances par des essais. Cette nouvelle édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport aux éditions précédentes: elle comprend les mises à jour nécessaires pour répondre à l'état actuel de la technique, ainsi que pour clarifier et générer une édition tenant compte de tous les types de moteurs faisant partie du système de traction.
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IEC 61377 ®
Edition 2.0 2016-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Combined test method for traction
systems
Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Méthode d’essais combinés pour
systèmes de traction
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IEC 61377 ®
Edition 2.0 2016-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Combined test method for traction
systems
Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Méthode d’essais combinés pour
systèmes de traction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 45.060 ISBN 978-2-8322-3101-2
– 2 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Traction system characteristics . 12
5 General test requirements . 13
6 General test conditions . 14
6.1 Test setup . 14
6.1.1 Setup of traction system under test . 14
6.1.2 Test bench architecture . 15
6.2 Cooling during the test . 17
6.3 Mechanical output measurement . 18
6.3.1 General . 18
6.3.2 Summation of losses method . 18
6.3.3 Comparison of power method . 19
6.3.4 Comparison of current method . 20
6.3.5 Back to back method . 21
6.4 Tolerances and measuring accuracy . 21
6.5 Environmental conditions . 21
7 Torque characteristic test . 22
7.1 General . 22
7.2 Torque characteristics test at motor hot . 22
7.2.1 Test objective . 22
7.2.2 Test conditions . 22
7.2.3 Test procedure . 23
7.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 23
7.3 Torque characteristics test at motor cold . 23
7.3.1 Test objective . 23
7.3.2 Test conditions . 23
7.3.3 Test procedure . 24
7.3.4 Acceptance criteria . 24
7.4 Starting torque at zero speed . 24
7.4.1 Test objective . 24
7.4.2 Test conditions . 24
7.4.3 Test procedure . 24
7.4.4 Acceptance criteria . 24
8 Efficiency and energy consumption test . 24
8.1 General . 24
8.2 Efficiency characteristics . 25
8.2.1 Test objective . 25
8.2.2 Test conditions . 25
8.2.3 Test procedure . 25
8.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 25
8.3 Energy consumption on route profile . 26
8.3.1 Test objective . 26
8.3.2 Test conditions . 26
8.3.3 Test procedure . 26
8.3.4 Acceptance criteria . 26
9 Temperature rise test . 27
9.1 General . 27
9.2 Temperature rise test at constant load . 27
9.2.1 Test objective . 27
9.2.2 Test conditions . 27
9.2.3 Test procedure . 27
9.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 28
9.3 Temperature rise on route profile . 28
9.3.1 Test objective . 28
9.3.2 Test conditions . 28
9.3.3 Test procedure . 28
9.3.4 Acceptance criteria . 28
9.4 Test with wheel diameter differences for paralleled asynchronous motors . 29
9.4.1 General . 29
9.4.2 Test objective . 29
9.4.3 Test conditions . 29
9.4.4 Test procedure . 30
10 System function test . 31
10.1 Start from backward/reverse motion . 31
10.1.1 Test objective . 31
10.1.2 Test conditions . 31
10.1.3 Test procedure . 31
10.1.4 Acceptance criteria . 31
10.2 Motoring-braking transition. 31
10.2.1 Test objective . 31
10.2.2 Test conditions . 31
10.2.3 Test procedure . 32
10.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 32
11 Variation of line voltage . 32
11.1 Test objective . 32
11.2 Test conditions . 32
11.3 Test procedure . 33
11.4 Acceptance criteria . 34
12 System protection test . 34
12.1 General . 34
12.2 Rapid voltage changes test . 34
12.2.1 Test objective . 34
12.2.2 Test conditions . 34
12.2.3 Test procedure . 35
12.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 36
12.3 Traction supply voltage interruption . 36
12.3.1 Test objective . 36
12.3.2 Test conditions . 36
12.3.3 Test procedure . 36
12.3.4 Acceptance criteria . 36
– 4 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
12.4 Traction supply contact loss . 36
12.4.1 Test objective . 36
12.4.2 Test conditions . 36
12.4.3 Test procedure . 37
12.4.4 Acceptance criteria . 37
12.5 Sudden loss of regeneration capability . 37
12.5.1 Test objective . 37
12.5.2 Test conditions . 37
12.5.3 Test procedure . 38
12.5.4 Acceptance criteria . 38
12.6 Traction inverter stop . 38
12.6.1 Test objective . 38
12.6.2 Test conditions . 38
12.6.3 Test procedure . 38
12.6.4 Acceptance criteria . 38
12.7 Temperature calculation functions . 39
12.7.1 General . 39
12.7.2 Test objective . 39
12.7.3 Test conditions . 39
12.7.4 Test procedure . 39
12.7.5 Acceptance criteria . 39
12.8 Over-current and over-voltage protection . 39
12.9 Control battery supply interruption . 39
12.9.1 Test objective . 39
12.9.2 Test conditions . 39
12.9.3 Test procedure . 39
12.9.4 Acceptance criteria . 40
13 Fault management test . 40
13.1 General . 40
13.2 Loss of sensor function . 40
13.3 Loss of command and feedback signals . 40
13.4 Fault in cooling systems . 40
13.5 Earth and short-circuit faults . 41
Annex A (normative) List of combined tests . 42
Annex B (informative) List of clauses with agreements between the user and
manufacturer . 43
Annex C (normative) Special test items and conditions for DC motors . 44
C.1 General . 44
C.2 Test bench architecture . 44
C.2.1 Test setup . 44
C.2.2 Load system . 44
C.3 Commutation test . 45
Bibliography . 46
Figure 1 – Overview of traction system architecture . 8
Figure 2 – Example of relationship between the “traction system under test” and the
“traction system” . 9
Figure 3 – Traction system – relationship between user, suppliers and manufacturer . 11
Figure 4 – Example of peak temperatures on route profile . 13
Figure 5 – Example of test bench architecture with speed controlled load system . 15
Figure 6 – Example of test bench architecture with back to back method . 16
Figure 7 – Examples of simulating auxiliary load and traction load power supply . 17
Figure 8 – Example of measurement using summation of losses method . 18
Figure 9 – Example of measurement using comparison of power method . 20
Figure 10 – Example of measurement using comparison of current method . 21
Figure 11 – Example of measurement using back to back method. 21
Figure 12 – Torque characteristics of a traction system . 23
Figure 13 – Effect of wheel diameter mismatch on the torque characteristic of
asynchronous motor . 29
Figure 14 – Test conditions for motoring-braking transition . 32
Figure 15 – Test conditions in traction system range of voltage . 33
Figure 16 – Test conditions for variation of the voltage . 33
Figure 17 – Rapid voltage change with DC line voltage . 35
Figure 18 – Rapid voltage change with AC line voltage . 35
Figure 19 – Example of method to create a rapid voltage change . 36
Figure 20 – Example of method to simulate the traction supply contact loss. 37
Figure 21 – Example of method to create loss of regenerative capability. 38
Figure C.1 – Example of braking configuration for a traction system under test with
separately excited DC motor . 44
Figure C.2 – Test bench arrangement for back to back test of the traction system
under test with a DC motor . 45
Table A.1 – List of combined tests . 42
Table B.1 – List of subclauses including agreements between the user and
manufacturer . 43
– 6 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
COMBINED TEST METHOD FOR TRACTION SYSTEMS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61377 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9: Electrical
equipment and systems for railways.
This edition cancels and replaces IEC 61377-1 (2006), IEC 61377-2 (2002) and IEC 61377-3
(2002). It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following main technical changes with regard to the previous
editions: it includes updates as necessary in order to meet the current technical state of the
art, to improve clarity and to create an edition that considers all types of motors part of a
traction system.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
9/2078/FDIS 9/2113/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 8 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
COMBINED TEST METHOD FOR TRACTION SYSTEMS
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to the traction system consisting (when it applies) of
traction motor(s), converter(s), traction control equipment including software, transformer,
input filters, brake resistors, main circuit-breaker, cooling equipment, transducers, contactors,
etc.
Figure 1 is just an overview and is not representative of all traction system architectures.
Current collector, mechanical braking systems and gearbox are not in the scope of this
standard.
Types of motors applicable in this standard are asynchronous, or synchronous including
permanent magnet (PMM), or direct current (DC).
The auxiliary converter(s) is (are) part of the scope when the auxiliary converter is enclosed
within the traction converter. Otherwise, when the traction system feeds an auxiliary system
outside the traction converter, the auxiliary system can be replaced by an equivalent load.
NOTE 1 Energy storage system is not considered in this standard since there is no specific type test standard for
energy storage system.
NOTE 2 Auxiliary loads validation is not part of this standard.
NOTE 3 The gearbox can be part of test set-up, but it is not a part of traction system.
Power input side
Transformer
AC voltage from
AC voltage DC voltage
diesel generator
Main circuit-breaker
Auxiliary converter Transformer Input filter
Pre-charge
Traction control
equipment
Rectifer
Intermediate DC link
Inverter
Chopper
Traction
Disconnect
auxiliary
switches
Auxiliary output
loads
voltages
Braking resistor
Asynchronous or
synchronous
M
motor(s)
Output side – motor torque
IEC
Figure 1 – Overview of traction system architecture
The objective of this standard is to specify the type test of a traction system, mainly
comprising of:
– test of performance characteristics;
– test methods of verifying these performance characteristics.
This standard does not specify the type test of each individual component.
The traction system under test incorporates at least one complete traction conversion line (at
least one traction converter and its related loads, one transformer in the case of AC supply or
input filter in the case of DC supply). The representativeness of the traction system under test
versus the actual traction system is agreed between the user and manufacturer.
Figure 2 gives one example of the relationship between the traction system under test and the
whole traction system.
Traction system under test
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Traction system
IEC
Figure 2 – Example of relationship between the “traction system under test”
and the “traction system”
The traction system under test is equipped with components that are representative of the
production series.
Deviations may be permitted by agreement between user and manufacturer, and are justified
from an impact stand point in advance of the test. Using equivalent components or parts is
permitted if no significant influence on the test result is expected.
– 10 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60349-1, Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors
IEC 60349-2, Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 2: Electronic converter-fed alternating current motors
IEC TS 60349-3, Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 3: Determination of the total losses of converter-fed alternating current motors by
summation of the component losses
IEC 60349-4, Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles – Part
4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an electronic converter
IEC 60850, Railway applications – Supply voltages of traction systems
IEC 61133, Railway applications – Rolling stock – Testing of rolling stock on completion of
construction and before entry into service
IEC 61287-1, Railway applications – Power converters installed on board rolling stock –
Part 1: Characteristics and test methods
IEC 62313, Railway applications – Power supply and rolling stock – Technical criteria for the
coordination between power supply (substation) and rolling stock
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-411,
IEC 60050-551, IEC 60050-811, and the following apply:
3.1
traction system
system which provides traction torque, converting the input supply energy into mechanical
energy in motoring and the mechanical energy into electrical or thermal energy in braking (if
applicable), comprising of the entire conversion equipment located between the current
collector (excluded) and the motor shaft(s) and including all associated auxiliary equipment
needed to operate the system
3.2
traction system under test
representative traction system for combined test, according to Clause 1
3.3
component
constituent of traction system
3.4
user
organization which orders the traction system (see Figure 3)
Note 1 to entry: The user is normally an organization which operates the vehicle equipped with the traction
system, unless the responsibility is delegated to a main contractor or consultant.
3.5
manufacturer
organization which has the technical responsibility for the supply of the traction system (see
Figure 3)
Note 1 to entry: The manufacturer can be the supplier of one or more components of traction system, or of none
of them.
3.6
supplier
organization which has the responsibility of one or more of the components
User
Manufacturer
Supplier (traction Supplier
Supplier (motor) Supplier (converter)
control equipment) (component)
IEC
Figure 3 – Traction system – relationship between user, suppliers and manufacturer
3.7
duty
load to which the traction system is subjected, including motoring, coasting, and, if applicable,
electrical braking
3.8
duty cycle
specified sequence of operation conditions, e.g. the speed and torque over the time on an
elementary route
Note 1 to entry: Some examples of elementary route are:
• Main line train: route between two cities back and forth;
• Tramway: route between two stops;
• Metro: route between two stations.
Note 2 to entry: Typical duty cycle is defined as an agreement between the user and manufacturer.
3.9
route profile
repetition or combination of typical duty cycles in order to achieve steady temperature
(repetitive peak temperatures over successive duty cycles are within a given tolerance) or to
represent the daily operation of the vehicle
3.10
constant load
load applied at constant operating conditions (e.g. speed, voltage)
– 12 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
Note 1 to entry: Several loads can be specified.
3.11
route profile load
load based on route profile on which the traction system under test is operated
3.12
speed
motor speed in r/min
Note 1 to entry: Motor speed (r/min) is convertible from vehicle speed (km/h) based on specified wheel diameter
and gear ratio.
3.13
maximum working speed
motor speed which corresponds to the maximum vehicle design speed at fully worn wheels or
the minimum rolling diameter of rubber tyres
3.14
test plan
list of all tests to be undertaken by the manufacturer that includes the mandatory and optional
tests to be agreed with the user
Note 1 to entry: In the test plan it is recommended to describe the components used in the traction system under
test.
3.15
test specification
all information, requirements and parameters to be applied to carry out and assess the test,
including e.g. scope of test, test objective, test conditions, test method, test procedure,
evaluation method, measurements, acceptance criteria with tolerances
3.16
test result
final assessment of test
3.17
optional test
test that is not mandatory and subject to agreement between the user and manufacturer
4 Traction system characteristics
Traction system specifications shall, as a general rule, include characteristic curves. These
curves are defined as the specified characteristics. They shall be plotted to the designed
operating limits of each variable. They shall generally be drawn for the AC or DC supply
voltage of the traction system at its specified nominal value. They may also be drawn for the
lower and higher voltage of the supply of the traction system if agreed between the user and
manufacturer.
These characteristics shall be drawn for a reference temperature of the motor (winding or
magnet) and the design temperature of the parts of the converter, transformer and line filter,
etc., expected by the supplier.
The reference temperature of the motor (winding or magnet) shall be according to the values
as in IEC 60349 series or subject to agreement between the user and manufacturer.
The following characteristics are defined:
a) Specified characteristics: values defined in order to fulfil the user contractual
requirements. They are the reference values for measurement and shall be validated on
the test bench.
b) Internal characteristics: internal design values which shall be measured and used to
prove the design but do not have an influence on the acceptance of the combined test,
such as root-mean-square value of current/voltage of traction motor for example.
Provided that the measurement results are compliant with the specified characteristics, the
test results remain valid, even if the internal characteristics are not exactly the same as the
ones specified. The difference should be agreed between the user and manufacturer.
The set of specified characteristics on fixed operating points over the speed-torque curve, at
given line voltages (according to IEC 60850 or otherwise specified if outside the scope of
IEC 60850) and given wheel diameter is:
• torque versus speed;
• efficiency of the traction system versus speed at maximum torque reference along the
curve.
Specified and internal characteristics can be measured during a speed sweep test or a test at
constant speed .
NOTE 1 In the case of speed sweep the inertia mass of the motor rotor considerably influences measurement of
the motor shaft torque.
The set of specified characteristics on the route profile at a specific line voltage is:
• torque reference value and speed versus time at the given wheel diameter;
• line current and voltage;
• all relevant peak temperatures (see Figure 4);
• input electrical energy consumption in kWh (integrated value over entire route profile).
NOTE 2 Specified and internal characteristics except those listed above are described in the following clauses for
each test.
Time
Duty cycle
Route profile
IEC
Figure 4 – Example of peak temperatures on route profile
5 General test requirements
The combined test gives the opportunity to run the components of the traction system under
test with operating conditions close to service.
Temperature
– 14 – IEC 61377:2016 © IEC 2016
All components shall be previously type-tested according to their relevant standards (except
some specific tests which are specified to be carried out on the combined test). It is not
necessary to repeat a test on the combined test bench which was already carried out at the
component type test level.
NOTE The type tests of the components or parts of them can be carried out on the same test bench of the
combined test, but they are not in the scope of this standard. The results of the component type tests are provided
as reference for the combined test.
The tests in this standard are classified as mandatory tests and optional tests. The mandatory
tests shall be carried out (if applicable). Each optional test is subject to an agreement.
Table A.1 shows tests being mandatory or optional and should be used to mark the optional
tests agreed between the user and manufacturer. The specific test items for DC motors are
defined in Annex C.
The tests specified in this standard shall be carried out on one traction system of every new
design unless the manufacturer can demonstrate the compliance (to one, several or all tests)
with this standard, through tests performed on the existing traction system. This shall be
subject to a contractual agreement between the user and manufacturer.
If modifications of the
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2000
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801: Acoustics and
electroacoustics
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801: Acoustics and electroacoustics
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International - Chapitre 801: Acoustique et
électroacoustique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC 60050-801
ICS:
01.040.17 Meroslovje in merjenje. Metrology and measurement.
Fizikalni pojavi (Slovarji) Physical phenomena
(Vocabularies)
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
1EC
INTERNATIONALE
50(801)
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
MEЖДУHAPOДHЫЙ
CTAHДAPT
Deuxième édition
Second edition
1994-07
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International
Chapitre 801:
Acoustique et électroacoustique
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
Chapter 801:
Acoustics and electroacoustics
Международный Электротехнический Словарь
Глава 801:
Акустика и электроакустика
© CE' 1994 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut étre reproduite ni No part of this publication fey be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce sod et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechапical,
la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord éсrit de l'éditeur. in writing from the publisher.
этой пубтикадии или ее части в
Запрещается без письменного разрещеикя издателя воспроизведение или коикроваике
любой форме или любыми средствами — элекгронкьппг или меканическими, включая фотокоФпо и микрофильм.
Suisse
Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève,
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX
International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
I
• Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
50(801) © CEI:1994
—ц
SOMMAIRE
Pages
AVANT-PROPOS V
Sections
1 801-21 Termes généraux
801-22 Niveaux
Transmission et propagation 801-23
801-24 Oscillation
Caractéristiques des transducteurs 801-25
801-26 Microphones
Haut-parleurs et écouteurs 801-27
801-28 Appareils divers 71
Acoustique physiologique 76
801-29
801-30 Acoustique musicale
Acoustique architecturale 801-31
801-32 Acoustique sous-marine 108
Index
50(801) © IEC:1994
—Iп-
CONTENTS
Page
VI
FOREWORD
Sections
801-21 General terms 1
Levels 12
801-22
801-23 Transmission and propagation
801-24 Oscillation
801-25 Transducer parameters
801 -26 Microphones
801-27 Loudspeakers and earphones
801-28 Various apparatus
801-29 Physiological acoustics
801-30 Musical acoustics
801-31 Architectural acoustics
801-32 Underwater acoustics
Index
IV 50(801) © CEI:1994
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Стр.
VII
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Раздел
801-21 Общие термины
801-22 Уровни 12
801-23 Передача и распространение
Колебания 32
801-24
801-25 Параметры преобразователей 38
Микрофоны 60
801-26
801-27 Громкоговорители и телефоны 66
801-28 Различные приборы 71
801-29 Физиологическая акустика
801-30 Музыкальная акустика 90
Архитектypная акуcтика 95
801-31
801-32 Подводная акуcтика
Алфавитный указатель
— V —
50(801) © IEC:1994
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
VOCABULAIRE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONAL
CHAPITRE 801: ACOUSTIQUE ET ÉLECTROACOUSTIQUE
AVANT-PROPOS
Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI en ce qui concerne les questions techniques, préparés par des
1)
comités d'études où sont représentés tous les Comités nationaux s'intéressant à ces questions, expriment dans
un accord international sur les sujets examinés.
la plus grande mesure possible
Ces décisions constituent des recommandations internationales et sont agréées comme telles par les Comités
2)
nationaux.
ternationale, la CEI exprime le voeu que tous les Comités nationaux
Dans le but d'encourager l'unification in
3)
adoptent dans leurs règles nationales le texte de la recommandation de la CE', dans la mesure où les conditions
nationales le permettent. Toute divergence entre la recommandation de la CEI et la règle nationale correspondante
êtrе indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.
doit, dans la mesure du possible,
travail 15 du comité d'études 29 de la
La présente Norme internationale a été établie par le groupe de
CEI: Terminologie.
Electroacustique, sous la responsabilité du comité d'études 1 de la
CEI:
50(801) (1984): Acoustique et électroacoustique.
Cette nonne remplace la première édition de la CEI
Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:
Mois Rapport de vote
Règle des Six
29 (VEI801)(ВС) 1 151
29 (VEI 801)(ВС) 1
(VEI 801)(ВС) 1 29 (VEI 801)(ВС) 1 160
29 156
Les rapports de vote indiqués dans le tableau ci-dessus donnent toute information sur le vote
ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme._
-VI— 50(801) © CEI:1994
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY
CHAPTER 801: ACOUSTICS AND ELECTRO-ACOUSTICS
FOREWORD
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on
1)
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National
2)
Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees
should adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will
permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as
far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
This standard has been prepared by working group 15 of IEС technical committee 29:
Electroacoustics, under the responsibility of IEC technical committee 1: Terminology.
The text of this standard replaces the first edition of IEC 50(801) (1984): Acoustics and
electro-acoustics.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Six Months' Rule Reports on voting
29 (IEV 801)(СO) 1 29 (IEV 801)(СО)
146 151
(IEV 801)(С0) 1 29 (IEV 801)(СО) 1
29 156 160
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the voting
reports indicated in the above table.
50(801) © IEC:1994 -VII-
MEЖДYHАРОДНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕXHИЧЕСКАЯ КОМИССИЯ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛОВАPЬ
ГЛАВА 801: АKУСТИKА И ЭЛEКТРОАKУСТИKА
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Официальные решения или соглашения МЭК по техническим вопросам, подготовленные техническими
1)
комитетами, в которых представлены все заиктересоваиные национальные комитеты, выражают, по
возможности точно, международную точку зрения в данной области.
Данные решения представляют собой рекомендации для международного пользования и в этом виде
2)
принимаются национальными комитетами.
икации МЭК выражает пожелание, чтобы все национальные
B целях содействия международной униф
3)
комитеты приняли за основу своих государственных стaндартов рекомендации МЭК, насколько это
допускают условия данной страны. Любые расхождения, которые могут иметь место между
стан должны быть, насколько это
рекомендациями МЭК и соответствующими национальными да
ртами,
возможно, упомянуты в последних.
Настоящий международный стандарт подготовлен рабоппой 15, технического комитета
хнического комитета МЭК 1:
МЭК 29: Электроакустика под руководством те
Терминология.
Настоящий стандарт заменяет перьое цзданце МЭК 50(801) (1984): Акустика и
электроакустика.
документах:
Текст настоящего стандарта основан на
следующих
Правило мести месяцев Отлет o голocoвании
29 (МЭС 801)(ЦЪ) 1 151
29 (МЭС 801)(ЦЪ) 1
801)(ЦЪ)1
29 (МЭС 801)(ЦЪ) 1
156 29 (МЭС
Полную информацию o голосовании по данному стандарту можно найит в отчете o
голосовании, указанном в таблице.
50(801) © CEI:1994
— Page blanche —
— Blank page -
- Незаполненная страница —
50(801) © IEС:1994 —1—
CHAPITRE 801: ACOUSTIQUE ЕТ ÉLECTROACOUSTIQUE
CHAPTRR 801: ACOUSTICS AND ELECTROACOUSTICS
ГЛАВА АКУСTИKА И ЭЛЕКТРОАКУСТИKА
801:
GÉNÉRAUX
SECTION 801-21— TERMES
SECTION 801-21— GENERAL TERMS
РАЗДЕЛ 801-21— ОБЩИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ
Schallschwingung
801-21-01 oscillation acoustique
vibración acústica; oscilación
vibration acoustique
acústica
son
vibrazione acustica
Mouvement des particules d'un milieu élastique de part et d'autre d'une
geluid(s)trill ng
position d'équilibre.
drganie akustyczne
akustisk svängning
acoustic oscillation
acoustic vibration
sound
Movement of particles in an elastic medium about an equilibrium
position.
акуcтическoе колебание
вибрация
звук
Движение частиц упругой среды около положения равновесия.
Hörschall
801-21-02 son (audible)
sonido
a) Vibration acoustique capable d'éveiller une sensation auditive.
suono
Sensation auditive engendrée par une oscillation acoustique ou une hoorbaar geluid; geluid
b)
dźwięk
vibration.
ljud
audible sound
a) Acoustic oscillation of such character as to be capable of exciting a
sensation of hearing.
b) Sensation of hearing excited by an acoustic oscillation or vibration.
СЛЫШИМЫЙ звук
a) Акустическое колебание такого характера, которое способно
вызвать слуховое ощущение.
б) Слуховое ощущение, вызываемое акустическим колебанием
или вибрацией.
Infraschall
801-21-03 infrason
infrasonido
à la limite infé-
Vibration acoustique dont la fréquence est inférieure
infrasuono
rieure des fréquences des sons audibles (environ 16 Hz).
infrageluid
infradźwięk
infrasound
infraljud
Acoustic oscillation whose frequency is below the low-frequency limit of
audible sound (about 16 Hz).
"нфразвyк
Акустическое колебание, частота которого ниже низко-
частотного предела cльтшимoro звука (около 16 Гц).
801-21-04 ultrason Ultraschall
ultrasonido
Vibration acoustique dont la fréquence est supérieure à la limite supé-
ultrasuono
rieure des fréquences des sons audibles (environ 16 kHz).
ultrageluid
ultradźwięk
ultrasound
ultraljud
Acoustic oscillation whose frequency is above the high-frequency limit
of audible sound (about 16 kHz).
ультразвук
Акустическое выше высоко-
колебание, частота которого
частотного предела слышимого звука (около 16 кГц).
-2- 50(801) © CEI:1994
801-21-05
son pur reiner Ton; sinusfбrmiger Schall
sonido puro
Vibration acoustique sinusoïdale.
suono puro
enkelvoudige toon
pure sound
pure tone dżwięk prosty; ton
ren ton
Sinusoidal acoustic oscillation.
Чистый звук
чистым тон
синусоидальное акустическое колебание.
801-21-06 son complexe komplexer Schall
sonido compuesto
Son qui n'est pas une vibration simple.
suono complesso
samengestelde toon
complex sound
dźwíęk zlożony
Sound that is not a simple oscillation.
sammansatt ljud; sammansatt ton
сложный звук
звук, He являющийся чистым тоном.
801-21-07 son ululé Wobbelton
sonido ululado
Son dont la fréquence varie périodiquement autour d'une valeur
suono ululato
moyenne.
wobbeltoon; janktoon
ton wibruJący
tone dźwięk wibrujący;
warble
svajton
Sound whose frequency varies periodica lly about a mean value.
воющим тон
Звук, частота которого периодически изменяется около среднего
значения.
Geräusch; Lãгm
801-21-08 bruit
ruido
a) Vibration erratique ou statistiquement aléatоire.
rumore
ruis; lawaai
b) Son ou toute autre perturbation acoustique désagréable ou iпdésirabl e.
szum; halas
noise
störljud; brus; buller
a) Erratic or statistically random oscillation.
b) Disagreeable or undesired sound or other disturbance.
шум
a) Неустойчивое или статистически случайное колебание.
6)
Неприятный или нежелательный звук, или другое возмущение
801-21-09 bruit aléatoire Rauschen
ruido errático; ruido aleatorio
Oscillation due à de perturbations
l'ensemble d'un grand nombre élé-
rumore casuale
mentaires se produisant à des instants
aléatoires.
ruis
szum losowy; hałas losowy
random noise
slumpbrus
Oscillation due to the aggregate of a large number of elementary
disturbances with random occurrence in time.
случайный шум
Колебание, вызванное совокупностью большого числа
элементарных возмущений со случайным следованием во
времени.
Примечание. — Мгновенные значения случайного шума
определяются только вероятностными функциями рас-
пределения, выражающими долю общего времени, соот-
ветствующую попаданию этого мгновенного значения или
некоторой последовательности значений в определенный предел.
50(801) © IEС:1994 -3-
801-21-10 bruit blanc weißes Rauschen
ruido blanco
Bruit dont la densité spectrale est essentiellement indé-
de puissance
rumore bianco; suono bianco
pendante équence.
de la fr
witte ruis
szum bialy
white noise
vitt störljud; vitt brus
Noise whose power spectral density is essentially independent of
frequency.
белый шум
шум, спектральная плотность звукового давления кoтoporo не
зависит oт частоты.
bruit se rosa Rauschen
801-21-11 ro
ruido rosa
Bruit dont la densité spectrale de puissance est inversement propor-
rumore rosa; suono rosa
tionnelle à la fréquence.
rose ruis
szum różowy
pink noise
skärt brus
Noise whose power spectral densi is inversely proportional to
ty
frequency.
розовый шум
Шум, спектральная плотность звукового давления которого
обратно пpопорциональна частоте.
801-21-12 bruit ambiant Umgebungsgerãusch
ruido ambiental
Bruit global qui, dans un lieu donné, résulte généralement de la compo-
rumore ambiente
sition de sons provenant de plusieurs sources, proches ou lointaines.
omgevingsruis; omgevingslawaai
halas otoczenia
ambient noise
omgivningsbuller
Encompassing sound, at a given place, being usually a composite of
sounds from many sources near and far.
окружающий шум
Суммарный шум, связанный c данным окружеиием, обычно
складывающийся из шума многих близких и удаленных
источников.
bruit de fond Eigengeräusch
801-21-13
ruido de fondo
Ensemble de bruits provenant de toutes lea sources parasites, d ans un
rumore di fondo
système de production, de transmission, de détection, de mesure ou
achtergrondruis
d'enregistrement d'un signal.
szum tia
bakgrundsbrus
background noise
Total of interference from all sources in a system used for the produc-
tion, transmission, detection, measurement, or recording of a signal.
шумовой фон
Совокупность шумов от всех источников в системе,
используемой для получения, передачи, обнаружения, измерения
или записи сигнала.
801-21-14 réverbération Nachhall
reverberación
Son qui persiste dans un espace par effet de réflexions ou de dispersions
riverberazione
répétées après aгêt de l'émission sonore.
nagalm
poglos
reverberation
efterklang
Sound that persists in a space as a result of repeated reflection or
scattering after the source of the sound has stopped.
ревеpбераgия
Звук, который после выключения источника продолжает
существовать в пространстве в результате повторных отражение
или раccеяний.
—4—
50(801) © CEI:1994
801-21-15 spectre acoustique Schallspektrum
espectro acústico
Représentation des amplitudes (et parfois des phases) des composantes
spettro acustico
d'un son complexe en fonction de la fréquence.
geluid(s)spectrum
sound spectrum widmo akustyczne
ljudspektrum
Representation of the magnitudes (and sometimes of the phases) of the
components of a complex sound as a function of frequency.
спектр звука
Представление амплитуд (a иногда и фаз) составляющих
сложного звука в функции частоты.
801-21-16 spectre de raies Linienspektrum
espectro de rayas
Spectre acoustique ne comportant que des composantes discrètes.
spettro a righe
line spectrum lijnenspectrum
widmo prążkowe
Sound spectrum containing only discrete frequency components.
linjespektrum
линейчатый спектр
Спектр звука, содержащий только дискретные частотные
составляющие.
801-21-17 spectre continu kontinuierliches Spektrum
espectro continuo
de manière
Spectre acoustique dont les composantes sont réparties
spettro continuo
continue dans une bande de fréquence déterminée.
continu spectrum
widmo ciągłe
continuous spectrum
kontinuerligt spektrum
Sound spectrum whose components are continuously distributed over a
given frequency range.
непрерывный спектр
Спектр звука, составляющие которого непрерывно распределены
в некотором диапазоне частот.
pression statique statischer Druck
801-21-18
presión estática
En un point d'un milieu, pression qui existerait en l'absence de toute
pressione statica
vibration acoustique.
statische druk
ciśnienie statyczne
static pressure
statiskt tryck
At a point in a medium, the pressure that would exist at that point in the
absence of sound waves.
статическое давление
Давление в некоторой точке среды, которое существовало бы в
этой точке при отсутствии звуковых волн.
801-21-19 pression acoustique instantanée Augenblickswert des Schalldruckes
presión acústica instantánea
En un point d'un milieu, différence entre la pression existant à un instant
pressione acustica istantanea
donné et la pression statique.
momentele geluid(s)druk
pressure wartość chwilowa ci§niema
instantaneous sound
akustycznego
At a point in a medium, difference between the pressure existing at the
momentant ljudtryck
instant considered and the static pressure.
мгновенное звуковое давление
Разность между давлением, существующим в рассматриваемый
момент в некоторой точке среды и статистическим давлением.
pression acoustique Schalldruck
801-21-20
presión acústica
Racine сarréе de la moyenne quadratique des pressions acoustiques ins-
pressione acustica; pressione
tantanées, calculée sur un intervalle de temps donné, sauf indication
sonora
contraire.
geluid(s)druk
sound pressure warto§ć skuteczna ci§ntenta
akustycznego; ci§niente
in-
Root-mean-square of instantaneous sound pressures over a given time
akustyczne
terval, unless specified otherwise.
ljudtryck
звуковое давление
квадратическое значение мгновенного звукового давления
Среднее
для данного интервaлa времени, OCRE нет иных указаний.
50(801) © IEС:1994
-5-
801-21-21 pression acoustique de crête Spitzenschalldruck
presión acústica de cresta
Valeur absolue maximale de la pression acoustique instantanée pendant
pressione acustica di picco
un intervalle de temps donné.
topwaarde van de geluid(s)druk
warto§ć szczytowa cI§nlenia
peak sound pressure
akustycznego
Greatest absolute instantaneous sound pressure during a given time
toppvãrde av pljudtryck
interval.
пиковое звуковое давление
Наибольшее значение мгновенного звукового давления в данном
интервале времени.
801-21-22 pression acoustique de référence Bezugsschalldruck
presión acústica de referencia
Pression acoustique, conventionnellement choisie, égale à 20 pPa pour
pressione acustica di riferimento
les milieux gazeux et 1 µPa pour les milieux solides et liquides.
vergelijkingsdruk
czne odniesienia
reference sound pressure ci§nlenie akusty
referensljudtryck
d to
Sound pressure, conventionally chosen, equal to 20 pPa for gases an
1 pPa for liquids and solids.
опорное звуковое давление
Звуковое давление, условно выбранное равным 20 мкЛа для
газов и 1 мкПa для жидкостей и твердых тел.
exposition au bruit
801-21-23
exposición a1 ruido
Intégration en fonction du temps du camé de la pression acoustique
esposizione a1 rumore
instantanée pondérée suivant la pondération fréquentielle A, pendant un
blootstelling aan geluid
intervalle de temps ou un évènement spécifiés, tel que le survol d'un
narażenie szumowe
aéronef. La pondération fréquentielle peut être différente de la pondé-
ljud exponering
ration A, s'il en est ainsi spécifié.
Notes.
1. – La durée d'intégration est implicitement comprise dans l'intégrale et
il n'est pas nécessaire de la mentionner explicitement.
s), si
2. – L'unité d'exposition au bruit est le pascal сaгé-весопdе (Ра 2
le temps est exprimé en secondes ; le pascal camé-kiloseconde (Pa2ks), si
le temps est exprimé en kilosecondes ; le pascal cané-heure (Pa2h), si le
temps est exprimé en heures.
sound exposure
Time integral of squared, instantaneous A- frequency-weighted sound
pressure over a stated time interval or event, such as an aircraft flyover.
The frequency weighting may be other than A, if so specified.
Notes.
1. – Duration of integration is implicitly included in the integral, and
need not be reported explicitly.
2. – The unit of sound exposure is the pascal-squared second (Pa 2s), if
time is in seconds ; the pascal-squared kilosecond (Pa 2ks), if time is in
kiloseconds ; the pascal-squared hour (Pa2h), if time is in hours.
звуковая экспозиция
or
Временной интеграл квадрата мгновенного звукового
давления c частотной коррекцией no кривой A за установленные
промежуток времени или событие, такое как полет самолета.
Частотная коррекция может быть отличной от A, если это
оговорено.
Примечания.
Продолжительность интегрирования безусловно включается
1. –
интеграл и не нуждается в точном указании.
Единицей звуковой экспозиции является паскаль в квадрате
2.–
Ha секунду (Па2с), если время в секундах, паскаль в квадрате Ha
килосекунду,если время в килосекутщах, паскаль в квадрате Ha
час (Па2ч), если время в часах.
-6- 50(801) © CEI:1994
801-21-24 particule Teilchen; Partikel
particula
Portion du milieu comprise dans un volume dont les dimensions sont
particella
petites par rapport à la longueur d'onde du son.
deeltje
cząstka
particle
partikel
Portion of a medium whose volume has dimensions which are small
compared to the wavelength of the sound.
частица
Часть среды, объем которой имеет размеры малые по сравнению
c длиной звуковой волны.
801-21-25 élongation instantanée Augenblickswert der
Teilchenauslenkung
Dans un milieu élastique, déplacement d'une particule représenté par un
elongación instantánea
vecteur qui a pour extrémité la position de la particule à un instant donné
ampiezza di spostamento
et, pour origine, la position d'équilibre de la particule.
istantanea
momentele uitwijking van het
instantaneous particle displacement
deeltje
In an elastic medium, vector whose extremity is the position of the
przesunięcie akustyczne chwilowe;
particle at a given instant, and whose origin is at the equilibrium position
wychylenle akustyczne chwllowe
of the particle.
momentan partikel-
fõrskjutning
мгновенное колебательное смещен е частицы
и
Вектор, конец которого совпадает c положением частицы в
данный момент в упругой среде, a начало - c положен ем
частицы при равновесии.
élongation Teilchenauslenkung
801-21-26
elongación
Racine сaгrée de la moyenne quadratique des élongations instantanées,
ampiezza di spostamento
сalculée pour un intervalle de temps donné, sauf spécification contraire.
uitwijking van het deeltje
przesunięcie akustyczne
particle displacement
partikelf õrsk j utning
Root-mean-square of instantaneous particle, displacement, over a given
time interval, unless otherwise specified.
колебательное смещение
частицы
Среднее квадратическое значение мгновенного колебательного
смещения в данном интервале времени, если нет иных указаний.
801-21-27 élongation de crête Spitzenwert der Teilchenaus-
lenkung
alle de temps
Valeur maximale de l'élongation instantanée pour un interv
elongación de cresta
donné.
spostamento di picco
topwaarde van de uitwijking
peak particle displacement
van het deeltje
Greatest instantaneous particle displacement during a given time interval.
warto§é szczytowa przesunięcia
akustycznego
пиковое колебательное смещение
toppvärde av partikelförskjutning
частицы
Наибольшее значение мгновенного колебательного смещения в
данном интервале времени.
801-21-28 vitesse instantanée d'une particule Augenblickswert der Schallschnelle
idad instantánea de una
veloc
Dérivée, par rapport au temps, de
l'élongation instantanée.
partícula
velосità di spostamento istantanea
instantaneous particle velocity
momentele deeltjessnelheid
Derivative, with respect to time, of the instantaneous particle displace-
wartość chwilowa prędkości
ment.
akustycznej
momentan partikel-
мгновенная колебательная скорость (част цы)
и
hastighet
Производная мгновенного колебательного смещения вo
времени.
50(801) © IEС:1994 - 7 -
801-21-29
vitesse acoustique d'une particule Schallschnelle
velocidad acústica de una partícula
Racine carrée de la moyenne quadratique des vitesses instantanées d'une
velocità di spostamento
particule calculée, sauf spécification contraire, pour un intervalle de
deeltjessnelheid
temps donné.
warto§ć skuteczna prędkości
akustycznej; prędko§ć akustyczna
particle velocity
partikelhastighet
Root-mean-square of instantaneous particle velocity, unless otherwise
specified.
колебательная скорость
частицы
Среднее квaдратическое значение мгновенной колебательной
скорости, если нет иных указаний.
Spitzenwert der Schallschnelle
801-21-30 vitesse de crête d'une particule
velocidad de cresta de una partícula
Valeur maximale de la vitesse instantanée d'une particule pendant un
velосità di spostamento di picco
de temps
intervalle donné.
topwaarde van de deeltjessnelheid
warto§ć szczytowa prędko§c1
peak particle velocity
akustycznej
Greatest instantaneous particle velocity during a given time interval.
toppvãrde av partikelhastighet
пиковая колебaтельная скорость (частицы)
скорости в
Наибольшее значение мгновенной колебательной
данном интервале времени.
801-21-31 flux de vitesse acoustique Schallfluß
flujo de velocidad acústica
Intégrale, sur une surface vibratoire, du produit de la composante de la
flusso di velocità acustica
vitesse acoustique d'une particule, normale à la surface, par l'élément de
volumesnelheid; debiet
surface.
prędko§ć objęto§ciowa
(partikel) flöde
volume velocity
Integral, over a vibration surface, of the product of the component of par-
ticle velocity normal to the surface and the differential surface area.
объемная колебaте.ьнaя скорость
всей вибрирующей поверхности, от произведения
Интеграл no
составляющей скорости частицы, нормальной к этой
поверхности, на площадь элемента поверхности.
Augenblickswert der Teil-
801-21-32 accélération acoustique instantanée
chenbeschleunigung
Dérivée de la vitesse acoustique par rapport au temps.
aceleración acústica instantánea
accelerazione acustica instantanea
instantaneous particle acceleration
momentele deeltjesversnelling
The time derivative of instantaneous particle velocity.
warto§ć chwilowa przyspieszeni
akustycznego
мгновенное колебательное yскopeitие(частицы)
momentan partikel-
Производная мгновенной колебательной скорости вo времени.
acceleration
801-21-33 source acoustique simple Kugelstrahler
fuente sonora simple
Source acoustique rayonnant également dans toutes les directions en
sorgente sonora semplice
champ libre.
monopool
simple sound source źródło kullstej fan dźwlękowеj;
monopole kula pulsująca
monopol; kulstrålars
Source that radiates sound equally in all directions in a free field.
простой источник звука
мoнополь
Источник звука, излучающий равномерно вo всех направлениях
в свободном поле.
50(801) © CEI: 1994
-8-
801-21-34 source acoustique ponctuelle Punktstrahler
fuente sonora puntual
Source acoustique dont le rayonnement paraît provenir d'un seul point.
sorgente puntiforme
puntbron
point sound source
źródlo (dźwięku) punktowe
Source that radiates sound as if from a single point.
punktstrålare
точечный иточник звука
Источник, излучающий звук как бы из одной точки.
Scheitelwert des Schallflusses eines
801-21-35 valeur maximale du flux de vitesse d'une source simple
Kugelstrahlers
Valeur maximale instantanée vitesse acoustique, produit par
du flux de
valor máximo del flujo de velocidad
une source simple, dont les dimensions sont petites par rapport à la ion-
acústica de una fuente sonora
gueur d'onde et qui émet une onde variant sinusoldalement en fonction
simple
du temps.
valore massimo del flusso dovuto
strength of a simple sound source a una sorgente puntiforme
amplitude van de volumesnelheid
strength of a monopole
van een monopool
Maximum instantaneous volume velocity produced by a simple source
natężenie źródła dźwięku
small compared with wavelength, emitting a wave with sinusoidal
toppvãrde av hastighetsflödet
variation with time.
lare
flödesamplitud hos kulstr$
сила простого источника звука
сила МОАОпоЛЯ
Максимальная мгновенная объемная скорость, создаваемая
простым источником, размеры которого малы по сравнению c
длиной волны, излучающим волну, синусоидальио
изменяющуюся во времени.
801-21-36 puissance acoustique d'une source Schalleistung einer Schallquelle
potencia acústica de una fuente
Energie acoustique totale rayonnée par la source, dans une bande de fré-
potenza sonora di una sorgente
quences spécifiée, pendant un certain intervalle de temps, divisée par
geluid(s)vermogen van een bron
l' intervalle.
moc źródła dźwięku
sound power of a source ljudeffekt hos ljudkälla
Total sound energy radiated by the source in a specified frequency band
over a certain time interval, divided by the interval.
мощность источника звука
Полная звуковая энергия, излучаемая источником в
частотной
определенном интервале времени и в определeанoй
полосе, деленная Ha этот интервал.
801-21-37 puissance acoustique à travers un élément de surface Schalleistung durch ein Ober-
flйchenelement
Valeur moyenne dans le temps, du produit des composantes en phase de
de un
potencia acústica a través
la pression acoustique instantanée par le ux de vitesse à travers
fl
elemento superficial
l'élément de surface.
potenza sonora attraverso un
superficie
sound energy flux elemento di
akoestisch vermogen door een
sound power through a surface element
oppervlakte-element
Time average product of the in-phase components of the instantaneous
strumień energii akustycznej
sound pressure and the volume velocity through the surface element con-
ljudeffect
sidered.
поток звуковой энергии
звуковая мощность через элемент поверхности
Усредненное по времени произведение совпадающих по фазе
компонент мгновенного звъкового давления на обуемиую
колебательную скорость через рассматриваемый элемент
поверхности.
50(801) © IEС:1994 -9-
801-21-38 intensité acoustique Schallintensität
puissance intensidad acústica; potencia
surfacique acoustique moyenne
acústica media superficial
Pour une direction et un sens de propagation spécifiés, quotient de la
intensità acustica; intensità sonora
puissance traversant une surface perpendiculaire à cette direction, par
geluid(s)intensiteit
l'aire de cette surface.
natężeniе akus tyczne; natężeniе
dźwięku
sound power density
ljudintensitet
sound intensity
sound energy flux density
Sound energy flux in a specified direction and sense through an area
perpendicular to that direction, divided by the area.
плотн ть мощности
ос звуковой
интенсввность звука
плотность потока звуково й энергии
Поток звуковой энергии в определенном направлении через
поверхность, перпендикулярную к этому направлению, деленный
Ha площадь этой поверхности.
801-21-39 énergie volumique potentielle acoustique instantanée Augenblickswert der potentiellen
Schallenergiedichte
densité d'énergie potentielle
densidad de energia acústica
Moitié du quotient du cané de la pression acoustique instantanée par le
potencial instantánea
module de compressibi
lité du milieu.
acustica volumica
energia
potenziale
instantaneous potential sound energy density
momentele potentile
Half the quotient of the square of the instantaneous sound pressure by the
geluid(s)energiedichtheid
modulus of elasticity of the medium.
akustycznej
gęstość energil
potencjalnej
мгновенная потенциально энергии звука
плотность й
momentan potentiell
Половина отношения квадрата мгновенного звукового давления
ljudenergitãthet
к модулю упругости среды.
Augenblickswert kinetischen
801-21-40 énergie volumique cinétique acoustique instantanée der
densité d'énergie-cinétique Schallenergiedichte
acústica
densidad de energia
acoustique par le
Moitié du produit de la masse volumique du milieu
cinética instantánea
carré de la vitesse d'une particule de ce milieu.
acustica volumica cinetica
energia
momentele kinetische
instantaneous kinetic sound energy density
geluid(s)energiedichtheid
Half the product of the density of the medium and the square of the
gęstość energii akustycznej
velocity of a particle in the said medium.
kinetycznej
momentan kinetisk ljudenergitãthet
мreone нaя плотность кинетическо й энергии звука
Половина произведения плотности среды Ha квадрат
колебательной скорости частиц в этой среде.
801-21-41 énergie volumique acoustique Schailenergiedichte
densité d'énergie totale densidad de energia acústica;
densidad de energia total
Somme de l'énergie volumique instantanée potentielle et de l'énergie
densità di energia acustica
volumique instantanée cinétique.
geluid(s)energiedichtheid
sound energy density gęstość energii akustycznej
ljudenergitäthet
total energy density
Sum of instantaneous potential and kinetic energy densities.
плотность звуковой энергии
полная плотность энергии
Сумма мгновенных плотностей потенциальной и кинетической
энергии.
pression acoustique de radiation Schallstrahlungsdruck
801-21-42
radiación
presión acústica de
Pression unid rectionnelle continue exercée sur une surface par une onde
pressione di radiazione
acoustique.
akoestische stralingsdruk
ci§nienle akus czne promlenlo-
acoustic radiation pressure ty
wania
Unidirectional steady pressure exerted on a surface by an acoustic wave.
ljudstrålningstryck
акустическое радиационное давление
Однонaправленное давление, действующее Ha
постоянное
поверхность, помещенную в звуковую волну.
-10- 50(801) © CEI:1994
801-21-43 densité spectrale spektrale Dichte
densidad espectral
Limite du quotient de la valeur quadratique moyenne d'une grandeur de
densità spettrale
champ spécifiée, dans une bande
de fréquences donnée, par la largeur de
spectrale dichtheid
cette bande lorsque celle-ci tend vers zéro. La nature de cette grandeur de
gęstość widmowa
champ doit être spécifiée, par exemple: pression acoustique, vitesse
spektraltãthet
acoustique, accélération acoustique.
spectral density
spectrum density
Limit, as the bandwidth approaches zero, of the mean square value of a
field quantity divided by bandwidth. The kind of field quantity must be
specified, such as sound pressure, particle velocity, particle acceleration.
спектральная плотность
Предел при стремлении к нулю ширины полосы частот среднего
квадратического значения величины в звуковом поле, деленный
на ширину полосы. Род величины должен быть указан.
Нaпример, звуковое давление, мгновенная колебательная
скорость, мгновенное колебательное ускорение.
801-21-44 densité spectrale de puissance spektrale Schalleistungsdichte
densidad espectral de potencia
Limite
du quotient de la puissance acoustique par la largeur d'une bande
densità spettrale di potenza
de fréquences lorsque celle-ci tend vers zéro.
spectrale vermogensdichtheid
gęstość widmowa mocy akustycznej
power spectral density
power spectrum density spektral effekttãthet
Limit, as the bandwidth approaches zero, of sound power divided by
bandwidth.
спектральная плотность мощност
и
Предел при стремлении к нулю ширины полосы частот звуковой
мощности, деленной на ширину полосы.
801-2145 constante de temps Zeitkonstante
constante de tiempo
Temps nécessaire pour que l'amplitude initiale d'une grandeur de champ
costante di tempo
soit multipliée
qui ddcroft de façon exponentielle en fonction du temps,
tijdconstante
par le facteur 1/e = 0,3679.
stała czasowa
tidkonstant
time constant
Time required for the amplitude of that component of a field quantity
which decays exponentially with time to change by the factor
1/e = 0,3679.
постоянная времени
Время, за которое амплитуда компоненты поля,
экспоненциально спадающего со временем, изменяется в
1 /e = 0,3679. раз.
stimulus Anregung; Erregung
801-21-46
excitation estimulo; excitación
stimolo; eccitazione
Force extérieure, ou toute autre action, appliquée à l'еntréе d'un système.
stimulus; excitatie
bodziec
stimulus
excitation excitering; drivning
External force, or other input, applied to a system.
стимул
возбуждение
Внешняя сила (или другая величина Ha входе), приложенная к
системе.
50(801) © IEC:1994
801-21-47 réponse Erregungsantwort
respuesta
Pour un dispositif ou un système, mouvement ou toute autre grandeur de
risposta
sortie, qui résulte d'une excitation appliquée dans des conditions
responsie
spécifiées. Les genres d'entrée et de sortie utilisées doivent être précisés.
odpowiedź
svar; respons
response
Of a device or system, the motion, or other output, that results from a
stimulus (excitation) under specified conditions. The kinds of input and
output being utilized must be indicated.
отклик
Движение (либо другая величина) на выходе прибора или
системы, возникающее от возбуждения (стимула) в
определенных условиях. Вид используемого входа и выхода
должен быть указан.
distorsion Verzerrung
801-21-48
distorsión
Déformation d'un signal généralement non désirée.
distorsione
Note. – distorsion peut résulter: vervorming
La
znieksztalcenie
a) de non-linéarité entre l'entrée et la sortie;
distorsion; fõгvrängning
b) d'une transmission variant avec la fréquence;
c) de déphasages non proportionnels à la fréquence.
distortion
Undesired change of waveform.
Note. – Distortion may result from:
a) non-linear relation between input and output;
b) non-uniform transmission at different frequencies;
c) phase shift not proportional to frequency.
искажение
Нежелательное изменение формы волны.
Примечание. – Искажение может возникаyть:
a) из-за нелинейного соотношения между входом и выходом;
б)
неоднородной передачи Ha разных частотах;
c) фазового сдвига, не пропорционального частоте.
-12- 50(801) © СЕI:1994
SECTION 801-22 - NIVEAUX
SECTION 801-22 - LEVELS
РАЗДЕЛ 801-22 - УРОВНИ
801-22-01 niveau Pegel
Logarithme du rapport de la valeur d'une grandeur donnée à la valeur nivel
d'une grandeur de même espèce prise comme référence. La base du logs- niello
pen
rithme, la valeur de référence et la nature du niveau doivent être spéci-
poziom
пivй
fiées.
II1V$
Notes.
expression
1. – La nature du niveau est spécifiée en utilisant une
», ou «niveau
composée telle que «niveau de puissance acoustique de
pression acoustique ».
2. –La valeur de référence demeure inchangée quelle que soit la valeur
de crête ou autre.
choisie pour la grandeur donnée qu'elle soit efficace,
3. – La base du logarithme est précisée par l'emploi d'une unité de
niveau associée à
cette base.
level
Logarithm of the ratio of a given quantity to a reference quantity of the
same kind. The base of the logarithm, the reference quantity, and the
kind of level must be indicated.
Notes.
1. – The kind of level is indicated by use of a compound term such as
sound power level or sound pressure level.
2. – The value of the reference quantity remains unchanged, whether the
chosen quantity is peak, root-mean-square, or otherwise.
3. – The base of the logarithm is indicated by use of a unit of level asso-
ciated with that base.
уровень
Логарифм отношения данной величины к исходному значению
той же величины. Основание логарифмов, исходная величина и
вид уровня должны быть указаны.
Примечания.
1.– Вид уровня указывается в виде составного термина,
например, уровень звуковой мощности или уровень звукового
давления.
2. – Значение исходной величины остается неизменным, будет ли
выбранная величина пиковой, средней квадратической или иной.
3.– Основание логарифмов следует из употребления единицы
уровня, соответствующей этому основанию.
801-22-02 bel Bel
belio; bel
Unité de niveau utilisée pour une grandeur proportionnelle à la puis-
sauce, lorsque la base du logarithme est égаlе à dix. Cette unité est aussi bel
utilisée pour exprimer le niveau d'une grandeur de champ lorsque la base bel
du logarithme est égаlе à la racine carrée de dix.
bel
Note. – A titre d'exemple, la puissance acoustique et l'énergie acousti-
que appartiennent au premier cas. Comme grandeur de champ on peut ci-
ter, par exemple, la pression acoustique et la tension électrique.
bel
Unit of level of a quantity proportional to power when the base of the
logarithm is ten. Also, the unit of level of a field quantity when the base
of the logarithm is the square root of ten.
Note. – Examples of power-like quantities are sound power and sound
energy. Examples of field quantities are sound pressure and voltage.
50(801) © IEC:1994
-13-
бeл
801-22-02
Единица уровня величины пропорциональной мощности, для
десятичных логарифмов. Также и единица уровня величины,
выражающей поля, когда основание логарифмов равно
квадратному корню из десяти.
Примечание. — Примерами величин подобных мощности являются
звуковая мощность и звуковая энергия. Примерами величин,
выражающих поле, являются звуковое давление и напряжение.
décibel Dezibel
801-22-0З
decibelio
Le dixième du bel.
decibel
Notes. decibel
decybel
— Le décibel est plus utilisé que le bel comme unité de niveau.
1.
decibel
2. — On peut définir le décibel comme unité de niveau utilisée pour une
grandeur proportionnelle à la puissance lorsque la base du logarithme est
égale à ïa racine dixième de dix. Le décibel est aussi utilisé comme unité
de niveau d'une grandeur de champ lorsque la base du logarithme est
égale à la racine 20e de dix.
decibel
One-tenth of the bel.
Notes.
1. — The decibel is more often used than the bel as a unit of level.
2. — The decibel can be defined as a unit of level of a power-like qu ti
an ty
when the base of the logarithm is the tenth root of ten. Also, the decibel
is the unit of level of a field qu antity when the base of the logarithm is
the 20th root of ten.
децибел
Одна десятая бела.
Примечания.
1.— Децибел более часто используется как единица ypовня чем бед.
2. — Децибел может быть определен как единица уровня мощности,
когда за основание логарифмов принят кореиь десятой степени из
десяти. Децибел есть также единица уровня поля, когда за
вэ десяти.
основание логарифмов принят корень двадцатой степени
neper Neper
801-22-04
neperio; néper
Unité de niveau utilisée pour une grandeur de champ lorsque la base du
neper
logarithme est égale à e (e = 2,718.). C'est aussi l'unité de niveau d'une
neper
grandeur proportionnelle à la puissance lorsque le logarithme a pour base
neper
le carré de e (е2 = 7,389.).
neper
Notes.
1. – Le décinéper est égal à un dixième de néper.
2. – Un néper correspond à 8,686. décibels.
neper
Unit of level of a field quantity when the base of the logarithm is
e = 2,718. . Also, unit of level of a power-like quantity when the
logarithm is on the base the square of e, which is equal to 7,389.
Notes.
1. – The decineper is one-tenth of a neper.
2. – One neper equals 8,686. decibels.
непер
Единица уровня величины, отражающей поле, при основании
логарифма e = 2,718. Также единица уровня мощности при
основании логарифма равном квадрату e2 = 7,389.
Примечания.
1. – Децинепер равен одной десятой нeпeра.
2. – Один непер равен 8,686. децибел.
-14- 50(801) © CEI:1994
801-22-05 niveau de puissance acoustique Schalleistungspegel
nivel de potencia acústica
Logarithme du rapport de la valeur d'une puissance acoustique donnée à
livello di potenza acustica; livello
...
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