91.060.01 - Elements of buildings in general
ICS 91.060.01 Details
Elements of buildings in general
Bauelemente im allgemeinen
Éléments de construction en général
Stavbni elementi na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.060.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Elements of buildings in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 129 standards classified under ICS 91.060.01 (Elements of buildings in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of construction when subjected to fire exposure conditions, represented with standardized time-temperature curves. The test data thus obtained will permit subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under these conditions satisfies specified criteria.
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This document specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which Annex C is a normative annex.
NOTE This document has been developed to determine the reaction to fire performance of essentially flat products. The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables etc.), can need special rules.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating new roof membranes for resistance to specific impact energies. The method evaluates new roof membranes when first applied and also after simulated deterioration caused by the ultraviolet radiation and moisture.
6.2 Use Class 2 for an impact resistance of 11.0 ± 0.3 J [8.1 ± 0.2 ft-lb] and Class 3 for an impact resistance of 19.4 ± 0.4 J [14.3 ± 0.3 ft-lb].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of impact resistance of new low slope roof membranes when applied directly over rigid insulation or cover board, or structural concrete, lightweight insulating concrete, gypsum, cementitious wood fiber, or wood roof decks. The procedures were developed to determine the potential for puncture or fracture of the new roof membrane resulting from impacts by free-falling steel balls resulting in specific impact energies when the new roof membrane is applied over its tested substrate within an assembly.
1.2 This test method is intended to verify that products as described will meet a specific stated condition of impact resistance performance. Testing of asphalt shingles is beyond the scope of this test method. The tests yield classification identified as Class 2 and Class 3.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a simple inexpensive means of generating conservative, comparative data on pullout strengths of various ties and anchors used with different types of masonry units and mortars. This test method is recommended for such use until economical, improved methods can be developed to simulate service conditions more inclusively.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction from a masonry mortar joint.
1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor embedded in mortar between twin stack-bonded masonry units.
1.2.1 Procedure A—For use with small (brick-size) masonry units.
1.2.2 Procedure B—For use with large (block-size) masonry units.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the relative performance of wall, floor, and roof constructions under conditions representative of those sustained in actual service when subjected to impact by a heavy blunt object. See Test Method E661 for evaluation of floor and roof sheathing and Practice E73 for evaluation of roof trusses.
4.2 The method is intended to be applied to relatively light construction, including, but not limited to, wood floor and roof systems, partitions framed with wood or steel studs, steel floor or roof decking systems, steel siding and wall panels, or thin concrete and masonry walls or slabs and similar assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relative resistance of wall, floor, and roof construction to impact loading. The test is not applicable to doors.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which Annex C is a normative annex.
NOTE This document has been developed to determine the reaction to fire performance of essentially flat products. The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables etc.), can need special rules.
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This document specifies a range of requirements and recommendations for the elements of construction, building assemblies, components, fittings and products that relate to the design and constructional aspects of usability and accessibility of buildings, i.e. access to buildings, circulation within buildings, egress from buildings during normal conditions, and evacuation in the event of a fire.
This document also applies to the common spaces in multi-unit residential buildings. Recommendations regarding residential units are given in Annex A.
This document also contains provisions with respect to outdoor features directly concerned with access to a building or a group of buildings from a relevant site boundary, or between such a group of buildings within a common site. This document does not deal with elements of the external environment, such as public open spaces, whose function is self-contained and unrelated to the use of a specific building.
This document is applicable to new buildings and new work in existing buildings.
This document introduces the concept of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’ for situations where it is exceptionally difficult to meet the requirements specified and, thus, impossible to provide full accessibility. By means of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’, an acceptable, though restricted, level of accessibility is specified. An exceptional consideration for existing buildings is not to be applied in other situations or invoked in an unjustified manner, or as an excuse for not achieving a higher level of accessibility, where this is economically and/or technically feasible.
The dimensions stated in this document, relevant to the use of wheelchairs, are related to the footprint of commonly used wheelchair sizes and users as specified in ISO 7176-5 and ISO/TR 13570-2, 800 mm wide and 1 300 mm long.
This document is primarily written for adults with disabilities, but it includes some recommendations on specific accessibility needs of children.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for anchors intended to be installed in concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods address the tensile and shear strengths of post-installed and cast-in-place anchors in test members made of cracked or uncracked concrete. Loadings include quasi-static, seismic, fatigue and shock. Environmental exposures include freezing and thawing, moisture, decreased and elevated temperatures and corrosion. These test methods provide basic testing procedures for use with product-specific evaluation and acceptance standards and are intended to be performed in a testing laboratory. Product-specific evaluation and acceptance standards may add specific details and appropriate parameters as needed to accomplish the testing. Only those tests required by the specifying authority need to be performed.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with post-installed and cast-in-place anchors designed for installation perpendicular to a plane surface of a test member.
1.3 This standard prescribes separate procedures for static, seismic, fatigue and shock testing. Nothing in this standard, however, shall preclude combined tests incorporating two or more of these types of loading (such as seismic, fatigue and shock tests in series).
1.4 Both inch-pound and SI units are provided in this standard. The testing may be performed in either system and reported in that system, and the results converted to the other. However, anchor diameters, threads, and related testing equipment shall be in accordance with either inch-pound or SI provisions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides recommendations for the enclosure commissioning process from its project planning through design, construction and occupancy and operation phases. This guide is intended for various building types. Although Practice E2813 defines two levels of enclosure commissioning, fundamental and enhanced, complex buildings and Owners seeking a higher level of assurance may require more intensified enclosure commissioning than the minimum requirements described in this guide and Practice E2813.13
5.2 The process uses performance-oriented practices and procedures to verify that the project is achieving the expectations described in the OPR and defined by the contract documents throughout the delivery of the project.
5.3 The BECx process is recommended to begin during the pre-design phase and continues through the occupancy and operations phase. The process includes specific tasks during each project phase.
5.4 The commissioning process is outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202. It is recommended that the reader understand the process provided in that document. This standard guide and Practice E2813 provide a specific process related to the building enclosure commissioning.
5.5 Note that the enclosure commissioning process should not infringe upon the authority or responsibility of the Owner, the project’s designers or contractors. The CxG and BECxG can identify areas of concern relative to the OPR, which are discussed with the Owner and other stakeholders; however it is the Owner who directs the project, Cx team, and BECx team. It is recommended that the BECxP be engaged in pre-design phase to define the scope of BECx so that the Owner’s agreements with the project team (including the contractor) clearly define the scope of contracted tasks that interface with BECx process.
5.6 BECx does not replace a traditional design/construction process but is meant to enhance and be an integral part of that process by validating the design and verifyi...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This guide provides procedures, methods and documentation techniques that may be used in the application of the building enclosure commissioning (BECx) process. This guide is complementary to Practice E2813 and is aligned with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202 and ASHRAE Guideline 0.
1.2 Extent—The process outlined in this standard guide applies to each building delivery phase from pre-design through occupancy and operation. The specific application of this guide may vary to suit the Owner, the project delivery method and the building project as described in the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR), and as defined by the contract documents.
1.3 Primary Focus—The primary focus of this process includes, but may not be limited to, new construction of building enclosures, existing building enclosures undergoing substantial renovation or alteration, and continuous commissioning of enclosure systems.
1.4 Contractual and Regulatory Obligations—The methods described in this guide are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor to alter the roles, responsibilities and duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) C...
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This document specifies laboratory methods for measuring the impact sound insulation of floor assemblies.
The test results can be used to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements, classify elements according to their sound insulation capabilities, help design building products which require certain acoustic properties and estimate the in situ performance in complete buildings.
The measurements are performed in laboratory test facilities in which sound transmission via flanking paths is suppressed. The results of measurements made in accordance with this document are not applicable directly to the field situation without accounting for other factors affecting sound insulation, such as flanking transmission, boundary conditions, and loss factor.
A test method is specified that uses the standard tapping machine (see ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex E) to simulate impact sources like human footsteps when a person is wearing shoes. Alternative test methods, using a modified tapping machine or a heavy/soft impact source (see ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex F) to simulate impact sources with strong low frequency components, such as human footsteps (bare feet) or children jumping, are also specified.
This document is applicable to all types of floors (whether heavyweight or lightweight) with all types of floor coverings. The test methods apply only to laboratory measurements.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the airborne sound insulation of building products, such as walls, floors, doors, windows, shutters, façade elements, façades, glazing, small technical elements, for instance transfer air devices, airing panels (ventilation panels), outdoor air intakes, electrical raceways, transit sealing systems and combinations, for example walls or floors with linings, suspended ceilings or floating floors.
The test results can be used to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements, classify elements according to their sound insulation capabilities, help design building products which require certain acoustic properties and estimate the in situ performance in complete buildings.
The measurements are performed in laboratory test facilities in which sound transmission via flanking paths is suppressed. The results of measurements made in accordance with this document are not applicable directly to the field situation without accounting for other factors affecting sound insulation, such as flanking transmission, boundary conditions and total loss factor.
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This document specifies test requirements for the laboratory measurement of the sound insulation of building elements and products, including detailed requirements for the preparation and mounting of the test elements, and for the operating and test conditions. It also specifies the applicable quantities, and provides additional test information for reporting.
The general procedures for airborne and impact sound insulation measurements are given in ISO 10140‑2 and ISO 10140-3, respectively.
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This document specifies the basic measurement procedures for airborne and impact sound insulation of building elements in laboratory test facilities.
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This document specifies laboratory test facilities and equipment for sound insulation measurements of building elements, such as:
— components and materials;
— building elements;
— technical elements (small building elements);
— sound insulation improvement systems.
It is applicable to laboratory test facilities with suppressed radiation from flanking elements and structural isolation between source and receiving rooms.
This document specifies qualification procedures for use when commissioning a new test facility with equipment for sound insulation measurements. It is intended that these procedures be repeated periodically to ensure that there are no issues with the equipment and the test facility.
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This document specifies a range of requirements and recommendations for the elements of construction, building assemblies, components, fittings and products that relate to the design and constructional aspects of usability and accessibility of buildings, i.e. access to buildings, circulation within buildings, egress from buildings during normal conditions, and evacuation in the event of a fire. This document also applies to the common spaces in multi-unit residential buildings. Recommendations regarding residential units are given in Annex A. This document also contains provisions with respect to outdoor features directly concerned with access to a building or a group of buildings from a relevant site boundary, or between such a group of buildings within a common site. This document does not deal with elements of the external environment, such as public open spaces, whose function is self-contained and unrelated to the use of a specific building. This document is applicable to new buildings and new work in existing buildings. This document introduces the concept of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’ for situations where it is exceptionally difficult to meet the requirements specified and, thus, impossible to provide full accessibility. By means of ‘exceptional considerations for existing buildings’, an acceptable, though restricted, level of accessibility is specified. An exceptional consideration for existing buildings is not to be applied in other situations or invoked in an unjustified manner, or as an excuse for not achieving a higher level of accessibility, where this is economically and/or technically feasible. The dimensions stated in this document, relevant to the use of wheelchairs, are related to the footprint of commonly used wheelchair sizes and users as specified in ISO 7176-5 and ISO/TR 13570-2, 800 mm wide and 1 300 mm long. This document is primarily written for adults with disabilities, but it includes some recommendations on specific accessibility needs of children.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Graffiti on buildings and structures is a significant problem in various regions across the country. A variety of coatings have been developed to be either resistant to the application of paints/marker or to aid in their removal. This standard practice describes a procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of anti-graffiti coatings applied to various concrete, masonry and natural stone substrates. It does not address graffiti removal on metal or any other non-mineral substrate.
5.2 This practice only addresses graffiti removal on substrates in a laboratory environment, that have not been exposed to either natural or artificial weathering. Specification D6578 describes a method for graffiti removal after both natural and artificial weathering.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating the performance of anti-graffiti products on mineral building substrates by a series of increasingly abrasive cleaning methods. The anti-graffiti materials are applied to a series of concrete, masonry and natural stone specimens for evaluation. Graffiti resistance is based on how a defined set of markings are removed by a designated set of cleaning techniques.
1.2 This practice also defines a procedure to evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning. It does not address the re-treatment of substrates after a material is no longer graffiti resistant.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification defines building elements as major components common to most buildings. The classification is the common thread linking activities and participants in a building project from initial planning through operations, maintenance, and disposal.
4.2 The users of UNIFORMAT II include owners, developers, facilities programmers, cost planners, estimators, schedulers, architects and engineers, specification writers, operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, and educators.
4.3 Use this classification when doing the following:5
4.3.1 Structuring costs on an elemental basis for economic evaluations (Practices E917, E964, E1057, E1074, E1121, and E1804) early in the design process. Using UNIFORMAT II helps reduce the cost of early analysis and contributes to substantial design and operational savings before decisions have been made that limit options for potential savings.
4.3.2 Estimating and controlling costs during planning, design, and construction. Use UNIFORMAT II to prepare budgets and to establish elemental cost plans before design begins. The project manager uses these to control project cost, time, and quality, and to set design-to-cost targets. See Appendix X2 for an example of a UNIFORMAT II building elemental design cost estimate.
4.3.3 Conducting value engineering workshops. Use UNIFORMAT II as a checklist to ensure that alternatives for all elements of significant cost in the building project are analyzed in the creativity phase of the job plan. Also, use the elemental cost data to expedite the development of cost models for building systems.
4.3.4 Developing initial project master schedules. Since projects are built element by element, UNIFORMAT II is an appropriate basis for preparing construction schedules at the start of the design process.
4.3.5 Performing risk analyses. Simulation is one technique (Practice E1369) for developing probability distributions of building costs when evaluating the economic risk in u...
SCOPE
1.1 This classification establishes a classification of building elements and related sitework. Elements, as defined here, are major components common to most buildings. Elements usually perform a given function, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used. The classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, and design stages of buildings. Using UNIFORMAT II ensures consistency in the economic evaluation of buildings projects over time and from project to project. It also enhances reporting at all stages in construction—from feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.2 This classification applies to buildings and related site work. It excludes specialized process equipment related to a building’s functional use but does include furnishings and equipment.
1.3 The classification incorporates three hierarchical levels described as Levels 1, 2, and 3. Appendix X1 presents a more detailed suggested Level 4 classification of sub-elements.
1.4 UNIFORMAT II is an elemental format similar to the original UNIFORMAT2 elemental classification. UNIFORMAT II differs from the original UNIFORMAT, however, in that it takes into consideration a broader range of building types and has been updated to categorize building elements as they are in current building practice.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This practice is intended to serve as a concise, authoritative, and technically sound practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) that is based upon:
6.1.1 The Owner Project Requirements;
6.1.2 Clearly defined and enforceable levels of BECx; and
6.1.3 Minimum core competencies required of the BECxP and associated service-providers28 (see 4.2) to qualify as Fundamental or Enhanced BECx under this practice.
6.2 This practice is suitable for use as an independently applied standard for new buildings and structures, or as part of a more broadly based Total (or “Whole”) Building Commissioning Program.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a concise, authoritative, and technically sound practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) that establishes two levels of BECx: Fundamental and Enhanced (refer also to Section 4).
1.2 The BECx process as defined in this practice includes the following phases and sub-phases:
1.2.1 Pre-design,
1.2.2 Design,
1.2.2.1 Schematic Design,
1.2.2.2 Design Development,
1.2.2.3 Construction Documentation,
1.2.3 Bidding and Negotiation Phase,
1.2.4 Construction,
1.2.4.1 Pre-Construction,
1.2.4.2 Construction Administration, and
1.2.5 Occupancy and Operations.
1.3 This practice includes a mandatory OPR Development Guideline (Annex A1) and requires the development of an OPR for both Fundamental and Enhanced BECx that addresses, at a minimum, the performance attributes and metrics included in Annex A1 of this practice.
1.4 This practice includes mandatory BECx Performance Testing Requirements (Annex A2) approved for use with this practice to evaluate the performance and durability of enclosure materials, components, systems, and assemblies.
1.5 This practice mandates independent design review during the Design Phase of both Fundamental and Enhanced BECx.
1.6 This practice recognizes that the OPR for exterior enclosure performance and environmental separation may exceed the baseline requirements of applicable building codes and standards and provides guidance for the development of an OPR based on the following attributes as defined in Annex A1 of this practice:
1.6.1 Energy,
1.6.2 Environment,
1.6.3 Safety,
1.6.4 Security,
1.6.5 Durability,
1.6.6 Sustainability, and
1.6.7 Operation.
1.7 The terms “building enclosure” and “enclosure” as they appear in this practice refer collectively to all materials, components, systems, and assemblies intended to provide shelter and environmental separation between interior and exterior, or between two or more environmentally distinct interior spaces in a building or structure.
1.8 This practice establishes that the Building Enclosure Commissioning Provider (BECxP) refers specifically to the individual retained by the Owner to develop, manage, and be in responsible charge of the BECx process, including individual members and technical specialists that may comprise the BECx group (see 4.2).
1.9 The role and responsibilities of the BECxP as defined by this practice are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor the duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.
1.10 This practice is not intended to warrant or otherwise guarantee the as-built or in-service durability, or both, and performance of enclosure materials, components, systems, and assemblies.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to e...
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the flexural testing of beams and girders under simulated service conditions to determine their structural performance characteristics. Methods following this guide are intended primarily for constructions that may not conform with the relatively simple assumptions upon which well-known flexural theories are based. In some cases, they are also suitable for determining the structural adequacy of the design, materials, connections, and fabrication techniques. The methods are not intended for use in routine quality control tests.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statement, see 7.1.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for reporting data and results of structural tests used for building constructions, elements, corrections, and assemblies. It enumerates and discusses the report sections required to report data from test methods and practices. The written reports will describe the products tested, method of testing, and results.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers general use in reporting structural performance tests of building constructions, elements, connections, and assemblies. A comprehensive report describing the conditions under which the structural data were recorded will enable other workers to reproduce the test methods and, as nearly as possible, the results for each material or assembly, and to reconcile differences that might be found in tests by others.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 6946:2017 provides the method of calculation of the thermal resistance and thermal transmittance of building components and building elements, excluding doors, windows and other glazed units, curtain walling, components which involve heat transfer to the ground, and components through which air is designed to permeate.
The calculation method is based on the appropriate design thermal conductivities or design thermal resistances of the materials and products for the application concerned.
The method applies to components and elements consisting of thermally homogeneous layers (which can include air layers).
ISO 6946:2017 also provides an approximate method that can be used for elements containing inhomogeneous layers, including the effect of metal fasteners, by means of a correction term given in Annex F. Other cases where insulation is bridged by metal are outside the scope of ISO 6946:2017.
NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 6946:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000‑1.
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ISO 13786:2017 specifies the characteristics related to the dynamic thermal behaviour of a complete building component and provides methods for their calculation. It also specifies the information on building materials required for the use of the building component. Since the characteristics depend on the way materials are combined to form building components, ISO 13786:2017 is not applicable to building materials or to unfinished building components.
The definitions given in ISO 13786:2017 are applicable to any building component. A simplified calculation method is provided for plane components consisting of plane layers of substantially homogeneous building materials.
Annex C provides simpler methods for the estimation of the heat capacities in some limited cases. These methods are suitable for the determination of dynamic thermal properties required for the estimation of energy consumption. These approximations are not appropriate, however, for product characterization.
NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 13786:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.
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ISO 6946:2017 provides the method of calculation of the thermal resistance and thermal transmittance of building components and building elements, excluding doors, windows and other glazed units, curtain walling, components which involve heat transfer to the ground, and components through which air is designed to permeate.
The calculation method is based on the appropriate design thermal conductivities or design thermal resistances of the materials and products for the application concerned.
The method applies to components and elements consisting of thermally homogeneous layers (which can include air layers).
ISO 6946:2017 also provides an approximate method that can be used for elements containing inhomogeneous layers, including the effect of metal fasteners, by means of a correction term given in Annex F. Other cases where insulation is bridged by metal are outside the scope of ISO 6946:2017.
NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 6946:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000‑1.
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation49 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation50 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13786:2017 specifies the characteristics related to the dynamic thermal behaviour of a complete building component and provides methods for their calculation. It also specifies the information on building materials required for the use of the building component. Since the characteristics depend on the way materials are combined to form building components, ISO 13786:2017 is not applicable to building materials or to unfinished building components. The definitions given in ISO 13786:2017 are applicable to any building component. A simplified calculation method is provided for plane components consisting of plane layers of substantially homogeneous building materials. Annex C provides simpler methods for the estimation of the heat capacities in some limited cases. These methods are suitable for the determination of dynamic thermal properties required for the estimation of energy consumption. These approximations are not appropriate, however, for product characterization. NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 13786:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.
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ISO 6946:2017 provides the method of calculation of the thermal resistance and thermal transmittance of building components and building elements, excluding doors, windows and other glazed units, curtain walling, components which involve heat transfer to the ground, and components through which air is designed to permeate. The calculation method is based on the appropriate design thermal conductivities or design thermal resistances of the materials and products for the application concerned. The method applies to components and elements consisting of thermally homogeneous layers (which can include air layers). ISO 6946:2017 also provides an approximate method that can be used for elements containing inhomogeneous layers, including the effect of metal fasteners, by means of a correction term given in Annex F. Other cases where insulation is bridged by metal are outside the scope of ISO 6946:2017. NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 6946:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000‑1.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting flat multiwall polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings.
This European Standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded multiwall PC sheets with or without functional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials, without filling materials.
It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Standard69 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for internal and external walls, roofs and ceilings. It is applicable to single skin sheets which are used as a single layer or when assembled to form a multiple layer construction.
It also specifies the test methods and provides for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification provides basic criteria for evaluating the qualifications of agencies utilizing the ASTM test methods to test and evaluate manufactured building components. The existence of a formal accrediting authority such as a federal, state, municipal, or nongovernmental body is not necessary for the use of this specification. These criteria may be supplemented by more specific criteria for particular classes of testing, quality assurance, and evaluative agencies.
4.2 The intent of this specification is to provide a “consensus-system” standardized basis for evaluating a testing, quality assurance, or evaluating agency with respect to its capability to provide the specific service(s) needed by the user without prejudice to the agency offering other services or being affiliated with other agencies or organizations. In those situations where a strict literal interpretation of the phrase “shall be made available,” as used in this specification, would be inordinately burdensome to an agency, it will generally be sufficient that the agency concerned has the information available for “on-site” review. This specification is not intended to be used by accredited agencies or personnel in the performance of Special Inspection services listed in the IBC Code or any other Code.
4.3 The criteria of this specification are described in terms of the basic information necessary for an accrediting authority to evaluate the capability, with respect to objectivity, and competency of a testing, quality assurance, and evaluating agency regarding common characteristics pertaining to the organization, human resources, material resources, and quality systems employed by the agency in performing the services offered. Typically, accreditation of an agency involves the following three essential phases:
4.3.1 Submittal, to an involved accrediting authority, of basic information in accordance with the criteria of this specification by an interested agency.
4.3.2 Evaluation...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements for agencies engaged in inspections and testing performance in accordance with ASTM standards for factory built building components and assemblies.
1.2 The criteria in this specification are provided for assessing the competence of an agency to properly perform designation testing, quality assurance, and inspection.
1.3 This specification does not cover Special Inspections or construction materials testing or inspection, or both. See Specification E329 for these items.
1.4 The criteria presented herein are divided into three categories of endeavor, namely,
Part A—Standards and Criteria for Testing Agencies
Part B—Standards and Criteria for Quality Assurance Agencies
Part C—Standards and Criteria for Evaluating Agencies
1.5 The fundamental purpose of this specification is to provide criteria for evaluating an agency as denoted in 1.4 either by a user of that service or by an accrediting authority.
1.6 It is not the purpose of this specification to provide a basis for determining the quality of a product or service being evaluated.
1.7 This specification is not intended for the evaluation of those activities normally associated with the production and sale of products and the like, such as a manufacturer's internal quality program. However, any organization may request or perform an evaluation of its own in-house facilities under this specification if it so desires.
1.8 It is not the intent of this specification to be the basis for the determination of the type of agency to be selected by the user.
1.9 This specification is used in conjunction with Specification E541 and Practice E651/E651M.
1.10 The use of SI or inch – pound units, or combination of, will be the responsibility of the technical committees referred to in this standard.
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- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting flat multiwall polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings.
This European Standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded multiwall PC sheets with or without functional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials, without filling materials.
It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Standard69 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13788:2012 gives simplified calculation methods for:
The internal surface temperature of a building component or building element below which mould growth is likely, given the internal temperature and relative humidity. The method can also be used to assess the risk of other internal surface condensation problems.
The assessment of the risk of interstitial condensation due to water vapour diffusion. The method used does not take account of a number of important physical phenomena including the variation of material properties with moisture content; capillary suction and liquid moisture transfer within materials; air movement from within the building into the component through gaps or within air spaces; the hygroscopic moisture capacity of materials.
The time taken for water, from any source, in a layer between two high vapour resistance layers to dry out and the risk of interstitial condensation occurring elsewhere in the component during the drying process.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13788:2012 gives simplified calculation methods for: The internal surface temperature of a building component or building element below which mould growth is likely, given the internal temperature and relative humidity. The method can also be used to assess the risk of other internal surface condensation problems. The assessment of the risk of interstitial condensation due to water vapour diffusion. The method used does not take account of a number of important physical phenomena including the variation of material properties with moisture content; capillary suction and liquid moisture transfer within materials; air movement from within the building into the component through gaps or within air spaces; the hygroscopic moisture capacity of materials. The time taken for water, from any source, in a layer between two high vapour resistance layers to dry out and the risk of interstitial condensation occurring elsewhere in the component during the drying process.
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- Standard40 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for sandwich panels within the scope of prEN 14509 1:2024 and prEN 14509 2:2024, which are used for non-structural and structural purposes in building envelopes and for sandwich panels with perforated faces and with core materials others than defined in prEN 14509 1:2024 and prEN 14509 2:2024.
Manufactured on industrial plant, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels are designed to be laid with overlapping edges in the following applications:
- roofs and discontinuous roofing,
- outer walls and wall cladding,
- walls (incl. partition walls) and (suspended) ceilings inside the building envelope
This document is intended to be used for cradle-to-gate with options or cradle to grave assessment according EN 15804, 5.2.
NOTE The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document.
- Draft32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for sandwich panels within the scope of prEN 14509 1:2024 and prEN 14509 2:2024, which are used for non-structural and structural purposes in building envelopes and for sandwich panels with perforated faces and with core materials others than defined in prEN 14509 1:2024 and prEN 14509 2:2024.
Manufactured on industrial plant, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels are designed to be laid with overlapping edges in the following applications:
- roofs and discontinuous roofing,
- outer walls and wall cladding,
- walls (incl. partition walls) and (suspended) ceilings inside the building envelope
This document is intended to be used for cradle-to-gate with options or cradle to grave assessment according EN 15804, 5.2.
NOTE The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document.
- Draft32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which Annex C is a normative annex.
NOTE This document has been developed to determine the reaction to fire performance of essentially flat products. The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables etc.), can need special rules.
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which Annex C is a normative annex.
NOTE This document has been developed to determine the reaction to fire performance of essentially flat products. The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables etc.), can need special rules.
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
2017-05-30: Project cancelled in ISO/CS (see notification 2017-05-24) - awaiting BT confirmation to cancel CEN project.
- Draft20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for prefabricated structural (load-bearing) wall, floor and roof elements consisting of framing members of timber, glued solid timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), structural prefabricated wooden beams/columns and sheeting made of wood-based boards/panels or gypsum boards/panels on one or both sides, for use in service class 1 or 2 in accordance with EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard also specifies additional requirements for the components and for the production of the elements.
It sets down requirements for the provision of performance details of prefabricated elements at point of delivery.
The panels and/or boards are connected to the framing members by suitable structural adhesive bonding or by mechanical fixing. The elements may be insulated or uninsulated. The exterior faces of the elements may also be covered with insulation material.
This European Standard covers glued and mechanically fixed wall elements with length of maximal 16,5 m, height of maximal 3,2 m and of unrestricted thickness.
This European Standard covers mechanically fixed floor and roof elements with length of maximal 16,5 m and a thickness of maximal 1,0 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m. The mechanically fixed floor element may include additional bond lines to increase stiffness to enlarge resistance versus vibrations.
This European Standard covers glued floor and roof elements with length of maximal 12,5 m and a load bearing cross-sectional thickness of maximal 0,35 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m.
This European Standard identifies structural (3.1.4) and non-structural (3.1.3) components to be used in the elements.
This European Standard also lays down provisions and Procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance of these elements.
This European Standard applies to elements that may have openings, e.g. for windows, doors etc. It does not apply to the properties of incorporated doors or windows.
This European Standard does not cover components and elements treated to enhance their fire performance.
Examples of different build-ups are given in Clause 3.
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for prefabricated structural (load-bearing) wall, floor and roof elements consisting of framing members of timber, glued solid timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), structural prefabricated wooden beams/columns and sheeting made of wood-based boards/panels or gypsum boards/panels on one or both sides, for use in service class 1 or 2 in accordance with EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard also specifies additional requirements for the components and for the production of the elements.
It sets down requirements for the provision of performance details of prefabricated elements at point of delivery.
The panels and/or boards are connected to the framing members by suitable structural adhesive bonding or by mechanical fixing. The elements may be insulated or uninsulated. The exterior faces of the elements may also be covered with insulation material.
This European Standard covers glued and mechanically fixed wall elements with length of maximal 16,5 m, height of maximal 3,2 m and of unrestricted thickness.
This European Standard covers mechanically fixed floor and roof elements with length of maximal 16,5 m and a thickness of maximal 1,0 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m. The mechanically fixed floor element may include additional bond lines to increase stiffness to enlarge resistance versus vibrations.
This European Standard covers glued floor and roof elements with length of maximal 12,5 m and a load bearing cross-sectional thickness of maximal 0,35 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m.
This European Standard identifies structural (3.1.4) and non-structural (3.1.3) components to be used in the elements.
This European Standard also lays down provisions and Procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance of these elements.
This European Standard applies to elements that may have openings, e.g. for windows, doors etc. It does not apply to the properties of incorporated doors or windows.
This European Standard does not cover components and elements treated to enhance their fire performance.
Examples of different build-ups are given in Clause 3.
- Draft78 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirments for light transmitting flat multiwall polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings.
This Euroean standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded multiwall PC-sheets with or without funtional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials.
It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Draft24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Table 1 of EC Decision 2000/147/EC, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which C is a normative annex.
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for prefabricated structural (load-bearing) wall, floor and roof elements consisting of framing members of timber, glued solid timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), structural prefabricated wooden beams/columns and sheeting made of wood-based boards/panels or gypsum boards/panels on one or both sides, for use in service class 1 or 2 in accordance with EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard also specifies additional requirements for the components and for the production of the elements.
It sets down requirements for the provision of performance details of prefabricated elements at point of delivery.
The panels and/or boards are connected to the framing members by suitable structural adhesive bonding or by mechanical fixing. The elements may be insulated or uninsulated. The exterior faces of the elements may also be covered with insulation material.
This European Standard covers glued and mechanically fixed wall elements with length of maximal 16,5 m, height of maximal 3,2 m and of unrestricted thickness.
This European Standard covers mechanically fixed floor and roof elements with length of maximal 16,5 m and a thickness of maximal 1,0 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m. The mechanically fixed floor element may include additional bond lines to increase stiffness to enlarge resistance versus vibrations.
This European Standard covers glued floor and roof elements with length of maximal 12,5 m and a load bearing cross-sectional thickness of maximal 0,35 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m.
This European Standard identifies structural (3.1.4) and non-structural (3.1.3) components to be used in the elements.
This European Standard also lays down provisions and Procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance of these elements.
This European Standard applies to elements that may have openings, e.g. for windows, doors etc. It does not apply to the properties of incorporated doors or windows.
This European Standard does not cover components and elements treated to enhance their fire performance.
Examples of different build-ups are given in Clause 3.
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for internal and external walls, roofs and ceilings. It is applicable to single skin sheets which are used as a single layer or when assembled to form multiple layer construction. It also specifies the test methods and provides for the evaluation of conformity of the sheets.
- Draft52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements to wood-based semi-rigidly and rigidly built-up, prefabricated wall, floor and roof elements for use in load bearing structures.
It also provides for the evaluation of conformity to this standard.
Note: Protection against noise is not covered, because it can be calculated only for the complete structure, so it is "not relevant".
- Draft37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for internal and external walls, roofs and ceilings. It is applicable to single skin sheets which are used as a single layer or when assembled to form multiple layer construction. It also specifies the test methods and provides for the evaluation of conformity of the sheets.
- Draft52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting single skin profield plastics sheets for internal and external walls, roofs and ceilings. It is applicable to single skin sheets which are used as a single layer or when assembed to form multiple layer construction.
It also specifies the test mehtods and provides for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire performance of construction products excluding floorings, and excluding products which are indicated in Table 1 of EC Decision 2000/147/EC, when exposed to thermal attack by a single burning item (SBI). The calculation procedures are given in Annex A. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B. The calibration procedures are given in Annexes C and D, of which C is a normative annex.
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for prefabricated structural (load-bearing) wall, floor and roof elements consisting of framing members of timber, glued solid timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), structural prefabricated wooden beams/columns and sheeting made of wood-based boards/panels or gypsum boards/panels on one or both sides, for use in service class 1 or 2 in accordance with EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard also specifies additional requirements for the components and for the production of the elements.
It sets down requirements for the provision of performance details of prefabricated elements at point of delivery.
The panels and/or boards are connected to the framing members by suitable structural adhesive bonding or by mechanical fixing. The elements may be insulated or uninsulated. The exterior faces of the elements may also be covered with insulation material.
This European Standard covers glued and mechanically fixed wall elements with length of maximal 16,5 m, height of maximal 3,2 m and of unrestricted thickness.
This European Standard covers mechanically fixed floor and roof elements with length of maximal 16,5 m and a thickness of maximal 1,0 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m. The mechanically fixed floor element may include additional bond lines to increase stiffness to enlarge resistance versus vibrations.
This European Standard covers glued floor and roof elements with length of maximal 12,5 m and a load bearing cross-sectional thickness of maximal 0,35 m and a width of maximal 3,5 m.
This European Standard identifies structural (3.1.4) and non-structural (3.1.3) components to be used in the elements.
This European Standard also lays down provisions and Procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance of these elements.
This European Standard applies to elements that may have openings, e.g. for windows, doors etc. It does not apply to the properties of incorporated doors or windows.
This European Standard does not cover components and elements treated to enhance their fire performance.
Examples of different build-ups are given in Clause 3.
- Draft78 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirments for light transmitting flat multiwall polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings.
This Euroean standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded multiwall PC-sheets with or without funtional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials.
It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.
- Draft24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Amendment5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 834 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of
construction when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions. The test data thus obtained will permit
subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under
these conditions satisfies specified criteria.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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