67.100.10 - Milk and processed milk products
ICS 67.100.10 Details
Milk and processed milk products
Milch
Lait et produits laitiers transformés
Mleko in predelani mlečni proizvodi
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This document specifies a fluorimetric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC
3.1.3.1) activity in raw and heat-treated whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk and flavoured milks.
This method is applicable to milk and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats. It is also applicable to
milk powder after reconstitution.
The instrument used for the determination of ALP can read activities up to 7 000 milliunits per litre (mU/l).
If the activity is higher than 7 000 mU/l, it is diluted with ALP-free milk so as to obtain a measurement not
higher than 7 000 mU/l.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fluorimetric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in raw and heat-treated whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk and flavoured milks.
This method is applicable to milk and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats. It is also applicable to milk powder after reconstitution.
The instrument used for the determination of ALP can read activities up to 7 000 milliunits per litre (mU/l). If the activity is higher than 7 000 mU/l, it is diluted with ALP-free milk so as to obtain a measurement not higher than 7 000 mU/l.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fluorimetric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in raw and heat-treated whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk and flavoured milks. This method is applicable to milk and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats. It is also applicable to milk powder after reconstitution. The instrument used for the determination of ALP can read activities up to 7 000 milliunits per litre (mU/l). If the activity is higher than 7 000 mU/l, it is diluted with ALP-free milk so as to obtain a measurement not higher than 7 000 mU/l.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This deliverable specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of all types of dried milk. The revised version will include the results of a recently conducted interlaboratory study in whey powders, dairy permeate powders, cream powder and powdered infant formula in ISO 5537|IDF 26 to further underpin the extent of its scope.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a fluorimetric microplate method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1)[5] activity in raw and heat-treated whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, cream, flavoured milks and cheeses. This method is applicable to milk and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats. Although the method was not tested in milk from other species, it can also be applicable to milk from other species with a similar composition to cow, sheep or goat milk, such as milk from buffalo and camelids. It is also applicable to milk powder after reconstitution and soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses provided that the mould is only on the surface of the cheese and not also in the inner part (e.g. blue veined cheeses). For large hard cheeses, specific conditions of sampling apply (see Clause 7). NOTE This method was adapted from Reference [6].
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of all types of dried milk and dried milk products.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of all types of dried milk and dried milk products.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of total amino acids using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl carbamate (ACQ) derivatization followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation and ultraviolet (UV) detection. It specifies a method for the determination, in one single analysis, of the following amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid (combined with asparagine), cystine (dimer of cysteine, combined with cysteine), glutamic acid (combined with glutamine), glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine. This method does not apply to the determination of tryptophan. This method is applicable to infant and adult/paediatric nutritional formulas, dairy products and other matrices such as cereals. It was validated in infant formulas (milk- and soy-based, including partially hydrolysed and elemental products), toddler formula, adult nutritional powder, UHT skimmed milk, whey powder, sodium caseinate, whole milk powder, bran pet food, dry pet food and breakfast cereal (see Annex A for details).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard36 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard36 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method for the determination of fat content. The method is applicable to: a) raw milk (cow, sheep, goat), reduced fat milk, skimmed milk, chemically preserved milk and processed liquid milk; b) dried milk products (e.g. whole, partially skimmed, skimmed milk powder; dairy permeate powder; whey powder; blend skimmed milk powder and vegetable fat; milk based infant formula powder); c) raw, processed and sour cream. For the following products, the precision figures are given in Annex H. These precision figures are derived from interlaboratory studies not conforming to the requirements from ISO 5725-2 in terms of number of samples ( d) evaporated milk and sweetened condensed milk (e.g. liquid sweetened and unsweetened concentrated milk); e) whey cheese as defined in CODEX CXS 284‑1999; f) liquid whey and buttermilk; g) milk-based edible ices and ice mixes; h) liquid concentrated infant foods. The method does not apply in the following cases: — For b), when the powder contains hard lumps which do not dissolve in ammonia solution. This is noticeable by a distinct smell and the result of the determination will be too low. In such cases, a method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle is suitable, e.g. ISO 8262-3|IDF 124-3. — For c), The method is not applicable to sour creams with starch or other thickening agents. When separation or breakdown of fat occurs, a method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle is suitable, e.g. ISO 8262-3|IDF 124-3. — For e), to products which do not dissolve completely in ammonia solution, as the result of the determination will be too low. With such products, a method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle is suitable, e.g. ISO 8262-3|IDF 124-3. — For g), to milk-based edible ices and ice mixes in which the level of emulsifier, stabilizer or thickening agent or of egg yolk or of fruits, or of combinations of these constituents, makes the Röse-Gottlieb method unsuitable. With such products, a method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle is suitable, e.g. ISO 8262-2|IDF 124-2. — For h), to products which do not dissolve completely in ammonia due to the presence of starch or dextrin at mass fractions of more than 5 % (in dry matter), or to the presence of hard lumps. For such products, a method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle is suitable, e.g. ISO 8262-1|IDF 124-1.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a protocol for the evaluation and validation of alternative quantitative methods of milk analysis. This document is also applicable for the validation of new alternative methods where, due to a limited number of operational instruments, the execution of an interlaboratory study and ISO 8196-1 | IDF 128-1 is not feasible. The protocol is applicable to milk parameters such as, for example, fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cells in milk. It can also be extended to other parameters. This document also establishes the general principles of a procedure for granting international approvals for the performance of the alternative methods. These principles are based on the validation protocol defined in this document.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk powder. The lowest level of validation is 0,08 µg/kg for whole milk powder, i.e. 0,008 µg/l for reconstituted liquid milk. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0,05 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,005 μg/kg for liquid milk. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,01 μg/kg for liquid milk.
The method is also applicable to low-fat milk, skimmed milk, low-fat milk powder and skimmed milk powder.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid with liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method has been validated in an interlaboratory study via the analysis of spiked samples of milk-based infant formula, soy-based infant formula, milk powder, whole milk, soy drink and milk chocolate ranging from 0,71 mg/kg to 1,43 mg/kg for melamine and 0,57 mg/kg to 1,45 mg/kg for cyanuric acid. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for melamine and cyanuric acid in food are 0,05 mg/kg and 0,25 mg/kg, respectively. The upper limit of the working range is up to 10 mg/kg for melamine and up to 25 mg/kg for cyanuric acid.
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- Standard19 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk powder.
The lowest level of validation is 0,08 μg/kg for whole milk powder, i.e. 0,008 μg/l for reconstituted
liquid milk. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0,05 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,005 μg/kg for liquid milk.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,01 μg/kg for liquid milk.
The method is also applicable to low-fat milk, skimmed milk, low-fat milk powder and skimmed milk
powder.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for the establishment of a conversion relationship between the results
of an alternative method and an anchor method, and its verification for the quantitative determination
of the microbiological quality of milk.
NOTE The conversion relationship can be used a) to convert results from an alternative method to the anchor
basis or b) to convert results/limits, expressed on an anchor basis, to results in units of an alternative method.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk powder. The lowest level of validation is 0,08 µg/kg for whole milk powder, i.e. 0,008 µg/l for reconstituted liquid milk. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0,05 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,005 μg/kg for liquid milk. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,01 μg/kg for liquid milk. The method is also applicable to low-fat milk, skimmed milk, low-fat milk powder and skimmed milk powder.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 16958:2015 specifies a method for the quantification of individual and/or all fatty acids in the profile of milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritional formula, containing milk fat and/or vegetable oils, supplemented or not supplemented with oils rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This also includes groups of fatty acids often labelled [i.e. trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids] and/or individual fatty acids [i.e. linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].
The determination is performed by direct transesterification in food matrices, without prior fat extraction, and consequently it is applicable to liquid samples or reconstituted powder samples with water having total fat ≥ 1,5 % m/m.
The fat extracted from products containing less than 1,5 % m/m fat can be analysed with the same method after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. Dairy products, like soft or hard cheeses with acidity level ≤ 1 mmol/100 g of fat, can be analysed after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. For products supplemented or enriched with PUFA with fish oil or algae origins, the evaporation of solvents should be performed at the lowest possible temperature (e.g. max. 40 °C) to recover these sensitive fatty acids.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) using inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The method is applicable for the determination of all 12 elements in infant formula and adult nutritional products. The method is also applicable for milk, milk powder, whey powder, butter and cheese excluding the determination of Cr, because all Cr results were below the quantification limit and reproducibility could not be determined in these matrices[1]. The present method is an extension of ISO 20649 | IDF 235 (AOAC 2011.19[2]) which was validated only for Cr, Mo and Se in infant formula and adult nutritional products.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination quantitative de la teneur en calcium (Ca), cuivre (Cu), fer (Fe), magnésium (Mg), manganèse (Mn), phosphore (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na) et zinc (Zn) par spectrométrie d'émission atomique avec plasma induit par haute fréquence (ICP-AES). La méthode est applicable au lait, au lait en poudre, au beurre, au fromage, au lactosérum, au lactosérum en poudre, aux formules infantiles et aux produits nutritionnels pour adultes dans les plages données dans le Tableau 1.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a protocol for the evaluation of instrumental alternative methods for total bacterial count in raw milk from animals of different species.
NOTE The document is complementary to ISO 16140-2 and ISO 8196 | IDF 128 (all parts).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) using inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The method is applicable for the determination of all 12 elements in infant formula and adult nutritional products. The method is also applicable for milk, milk powder, whey powder, butter and cheese excluding the determination of Cr, because all Cr results were below the quantification limit and reproducibility could not be determined in these matrices[1]. The present method is an extension of ISO 20649 | IDF 235 (AOAC 2011.19[2]) which was validated only for Cr, Mo and Se in infant formula and adult nutritional products.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 16958:2015 specifies a method for the quantification of individual and/or all fatty acids in the profile of milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritional formula, containing milk fat and/or vegetable oils, supplemented or not supplemented with oils rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This also includes groups of fatty acids often labelled [i.e. trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids] and/or individual fatty acids [i.e. linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].
The determination is performed by direct transesterification in food matrices, without prior fat extraction, and consequently it is applicable to liquid samples or reconstituted powder samples with water having total fat ≥ 1,5 % m/m.
The fat extracted from products containing less than 1,5 % m/m fat can be analysed with the same method after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. Dairy products, like soft or hard cheeses with acidity level ≤ 1 mmol/100 g of fat, can be analysed after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. For products supplemented or enriched with PUFA with fish oil or algae origins, the evaporation of solvents should be performed at the lowest possible temperature (e.g. max. 40 °C) to recover these sensitive fatty acids.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron
(Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn)
using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The method is applicable
for milk, dried milk, butter, cheese, whey, dried whey, infant formula and adult nutritional formula in
the ranges given in Table 1.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of biotin and/or biocytin in fortified milk powders, infant formula and adult nutritionals in solid (i.e. powders) or liquid (i.e. ready-to-feed liquids and liquid concentrates) forms using liquid chromatography coupled with immunoaffinity column clean-up extraction. Precision data from an interlaboratory study is given in Annex B. A comparison between data obtained with the method in this document and EN 15607 is given in Annex C.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a protocol for the evaluation of instrumental alternative methods for total bacterial count in raw milk from animals of different species.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for using infrared spectrometry in in-line and on-line applications for dairy processing. These applications are distinct to those covered in ISO 21543 | IDF 201. It is applicable, but not limited, to: — the determination of protein, fat and total solids in liquid milk and milk products using mid and near infrared spectrometry; — the determination of protein, fat and moisture in solid or semi-solid products, such as milk powder, and butter and liquid dairy streams using near infrared spectrometry.
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This document specifies a protocol for the evaluation of instrumental alternative methods for total bacterial count in raw milk from animals of different species. NOTE The document is complementary to ISO 16140-2 and ISO 8196 | IDF 128 (all parts).
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This document specifies a reference method for the determination of milk fat purity using gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides. The method utilizes the differences in triglyceride fingerprint of milk fat from the individual triglyceride fingerprints of other fats and oils to determine samples which are outside the range normally observed for milk fat. This is achieved by using the defined triglyceride formulae based on the normalized weighted sum of individual triglyceride peaks which are sensitive to the integrity of the milk[6][7]. The integrity of the milk fat can be determined by comparing the result of these formulae with those previously observed for a range of pure milk fat samples[12]. Both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard can be detected.
The method is applicable to bulk milk, or products made thereof, irrespective of the variation in common feeding practices, breed or lactation conditions. In particular, the method is applicable to fat extracted from milk products purporting to contain pure milk fat with unchanged composition, such as butter, cream, milk and milk powder.
Because a false-positive result can occur, the method does not apply to milk fat related to these circumstances:
a) obtained from bovine milk other than cow's milk;
b) obtained from single cows;
c) obtained from cows whose diet contained a particularly high proportion of vegetable oils such as rapeseed, cotton or palm oil, etc.;
d) obtained from cows suffering from serious underfeeding (strong energy deficit);
e) obtained from colostrum;
f) subjected to technological treatment such as removal of cholesterol or fractionation;
g) obtained from skim milk, buttermilk or whey;
h) obtained from cheeses showing increased lipolysis;
i) extracted using the Gerber, Weibull?Berntrop or Schmid?Bondzynski?Ratzlaff methods, or that has been isolated using detergents (e.g. the Bureau of Dairy Industries method).
With the extraction methods specified in i), substantial quantities of partial glycerides or phospholipids can pass into the fat phase.
NOTE 1 In nature, butyric (n-butanoic) acid (C4) occurs exclusively in milk fat and enables quantitative estimations of low to moderate amounts of milk fat in vegetable and animal fats to be made. Due to the large variation of C4, for which the approximate content ranges from 3,1 % fat mass fraction to 3,8 % fat mass fraction, it is difficult to provide qualitative and quantitative information for foreign fat to pure milk fat ratios of up to 20 % mass fraction[11].
NOTE 2 In practice, quantitative results cannot be derived from the sterol content of vegetable fats, because they depend on production and processing conditions. Furthermore, the qualitative determination of foreign fat using sterols is ambiguous.
NOTE 3 Due to special feeding practices such as those related to c) and d), false-positive results have sometimes been reported for milk from certain Asian regions[15]. Moreover, grass-only diets such as mountain and, in particular, highland pasture feeding sometimes cause false-positive results, which can be substantiated by a content of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 c9t11) of ≥ 1,3 % fatty acid mass fraction[16][17]. Nevertheless, results conforming to the criteria of milk fat purity specified in this document are accepted, even if samples were undoubtedly produced under conditions reported in this note, including those described in h).
NOTE 4 In ca
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of milk fat purity using gas
chromatographic analysis of triglycerides. The method utilizes the differences in triglyceride
fingerprint of milk fat from the individual triglyceride fingerprints of other fats and oils to determine
samples which are outside the range normally observed for milk fat. This is achieved by using the
defined triglyceride formulae based on the normalized weighted sum of individual triglyceride peaks
which are sensitive to the integrity of the milk[6][7]. The integrity of the milk fat can be determined
by comparing the result of these formulae with those previously observed for a range of pure milk fat
samples[12]. Both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard can be detected.
The method is applicable to bulk milk, or products made thereof, irrespective of the variation in
common feeding practices, breed or lactation conditions. In particular, the method is applicable to fat
extracted from milk products purporting to contain pure milk fat with unchanged composition, such as
butter, cream, milk and milk powder.
Because a false-positive result can occur, the method does not apply to milk fat related to these
circumstances:
a) obtained from bovine milk other than cow’s milk;
b) obtained from single cows;
c) obtained from cows whose diet contained a particularly high proportion of vegetable oils such as
rapeseed, cotton or palm oil, etc.;
d) obtained from cows suffering from serious underfeeding (strong energy deficit);
e) obtained from colostrum;
f) subjected to technological treatment such as removal of cholesterol or fractionation;
g) obtained from skim milk, buttermilk or whey;
h) obtained from cheeses showing increased lipolysis;
i) extracted using the Gerber, Weibull–Berntrop or Schmid–Bondzynski–Ratzlaff methods, or that
has been isolated using detergents (e.g. the Bureau of Dairy Industries method).
With the extraction methods specified in i), substantial quantities of partial glycerides or phospholipids
can pass into the fat phase.
NOTE 1 In nature, butyric (n-butanoic) acid (C4) occurs exclusively in milk fat and enables quantitative
estimations of low to moderate amounts of milk fat in vegetable and animal fats to be made. Due to the large
variation of C4, for which the approximate content ranges from 3,1 % fat mass fraction to 3,8 % fat mass fraction,
it is difficult to provide qualitative and quantitative information for foreign fat to pure milk fat ratios of up to
20 % mass fraction[11].
NOTE 2 In practice, quantitative results cannot be derived from the sterol content of vegetable fats, because
they depend on production and processing conditions. Furthermore, the qualitative determination of foreign fat
using sterols is ambiguous.
NOTE 3 Due to special feeding practices such as those related to c) and d), false-positive results have
sometimes been reported for milk from certain Asian regions[15]. Moreover, grass-only diets such as mountain
and, in particular, highland pasture feeding sometimes cause false-positive results, which can be substantiated
by a content of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 c9t11) of ≥ 1,3 % fatty acid mass fraction[16][17]. Nevertheless,
results conforming to the criteria of milk fat purity specified in this document are accepted, even if samples were
undoubtedly produced under conditions reported in this note, including those described in h).
NOTE 4 In cases where a positive result is suspected to be caused by circumstances related to c) or d), another
analytical method, such as fatty acid or sterol analysis, can be applied to confirm the finding. Due to similar or
increased limitations (e.g. as described in NOTE 1 and NOTE 2), a negative result obtained by another method is
not appropriate to contrastingly confirm milk fat purity.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of milk fat purity using gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides. The method utilizes the differences in triglyceride fingerprint of milk fat from the individual triglyceride fingerprints of other fats and oils to determine samples which are outside the range normally observed for milk fat. This is achieved by using the defined triglyceride formulae based on the normalized weighted sum of individual triglyceride peaks which are sensitive to the integrity of the milk[6][7]. The integrity of the milk fat can be determined by comparing the result of these formulae with those previously observed for a range of pure milk fat samples[12]. Both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard can be detected. The method is applicable to bulk milk, or products made thereof, irrespective of the variation in common feeding practices, breed or lactation conditions. In particular, the method is applicable to fat extracted from milk products purporting to contain pure milk fat with unchanged composition, such as butter, cream, milk and milk powder. Because a false-positive result can occur, the method does not apply to milk fat related to these circumstances: a) obtained from bovine milk other than cow's milk; b) obtained from single cows; c) obtained from cows whose diet contained a particularly high proportion of vegetable oils such as rapeseed, cotton or palm oil, etc.; d) obtained from cows suffering from serious underfeeding (strong energy deficit); e) obtained from colostrum; f) subjected to technological treatment such as removal of cholesterol or fractionation; g) obtained from skim milk, buttermilk or whey; h) obtained from cheeses showing increased lipolysis; i) extracted using the Gerber, Weibull?Berntrop or Schmid?Bondzynski?Ratzlaff methods, or that has been isolated using detergents (e.g. the Bureau of Dairy Industries method). With the extraction methods specified in i), substantial quantities of partial glycerides or phospholipids can pass into the fat phase. NOTE 1 In nature, butyric (n-butanoic) acid (C4) occurs exclusively in milk fat and enables quantitative estimations of low to moderate amounts of milk fat in vegetable and animal fats to be made. Due to the large variation of C4, for which the approximate content ranges from 3,1 % fat mass fraction to 3,8 % fat mass fraction, it is difficult to provide qualitative and quantitative information for foreign fat to pure milk fat ratios of up to 20 % mass fraction[11]. NOTE 2 In practice, quantitative results cannot be derived from the sterol content of vegetable fats, because they depend on production and processing conditions. Furthermore, the qualitative determination of foreign fat using sterols is ambiguous. NOTE 3 Due to special feeding practices such as those related to c) and d), false-positive results have sometimes been reported for milk from certain Asian regions[15]. Moreover, grass-only diets such as mountain and, in particular, highland pasture feeding sometimes cause false-positive results, which can be substantiated by a content of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 c9t11) of ≥ 1,3 % fatty acid mass fraction[16][17]. Nevertheless, results conforming to the criteria of milk fat purity specified in this document are accepted, even if samples were undoubtedly produced under conditions reported in this note, including those described in h). NOTE 4 In cases where a positive result is suspected to be caused by circumstances related to c) or d), another analytical method, such as fatty acid or sterol analysis, can be applied to confirm the finding. Due to similar or increased limitations (e.g. as described in NOTE 1 and NOTE 2), a negative result obtained by another method is not appropriate to contrastingly confirm milk fat purity.
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Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination quantitative de la teneur en calcium (Ca), cuivre (Cu), fer (Fe), magnésium (Mg), manganèse (Mn), phosphore (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na) et zinc (Zn) par spectrométrie d'émission atomique avec plasma induit par haute fréquence (ICP-AES). La méthode est applicable au lait, au lait en poudre, au beurre, au fromage, au lactosérum, au lactosérum en poudre, aux formules infantiles et aux produits nutritionnels pour adultes dans les plages données dans le Tableau 1.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard29 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) using inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is applicable for the determination of all 12 elements in infant formula and adult nutritional products. The method is also applicable for milk, milk powder, whey powder, butter and cheese excluding the determination of Cr, because all Cr results were below the quantification limit and reproducibility could not be determined in these matrices[1]. The present method is an extension of ISO 20649 | IDF 235 (AOAC 2011.19[2]) which was validated only for Cr, Mo and Se in infant formula and adult nutritional products.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of chloride in milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritionals by potentiometry[1][2][3][4] with an analytical range of 0,35 mg chloride/100 g to 711,6 mg chloride/100 g product, or ready-to-feed products.
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ISO 8968-4|IDF 20-4:2016 specifies a method for the direct and indirect determination of the protein nitrogen content of liquid, whole or skimmed milk.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 8968|IDF 20 specifies a method for the direct and indirect determination of the protein
nitrogen content of liquid, whole or skimmed milk.
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ISO 8968-4|IDF 20-4:2016 specifies a method for the direct and indirect determination of the protein nitrogen content of liquid, whole or skimmed milk.
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ISO 19344:2015 specifies a standardized method for the quantification of active and/or total lactic acid bacteria and probiotic strains in starter cultures used in dairy products by means of flow cytometry. The method is also applicable to probiotics used in dairy products and to fermented milk products such as yogurts containing primarily lactic acid bacteria. This International Standard does not apply to taxonomical differentiation of bacteria. Due to its non-specificity, the method may quantify other bacteria than those within the scope of this International Standard, when present in the sample. This may lead to overestimation of the counts. The minimum bacterial cell concentration in the sample before applying this standardized method depends on the dilution rates used in the individual protocols. Typically 106 cells per gram or ml are considered within the minimum range.
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ISO 16958:2015 specifies a method for the quantification of individual and/or all fatty acids in the profile of milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritional formula, containing milk fat and/or vegetable oils, supplemented or not supplemented with oils rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This also includes groups of fatty acids often labelled [i.e. trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids] and/or individual fatty acids [i.e. linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. The determination is performed by direct transesterification in food matrices, without prior fat extraction, and consequently it is applicable to liquid samples or reconstituted powder samples with water having total fat ≥ 1,5 % m/m. The fat extracted from products containing less than 1,5 % m/m fat can be analysed with the same method after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. Dairy products, like soft or hard cheeses with acidity level ≤ 1 mmol/100 g of fat, can be analysed after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. For products supplemented or enriched with PUFA with fish oil or algae origins, the evaporation of solvents should be performed at the lowest possible temperature (e.g. max. 40 °C) to recover these sensitive fatty acids.
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ISO 8968-1|IDF 20-1:2014 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content and crude protein calculation of milk and milk products by the Kjeldahl principle, using traditional and block digestion methods. The methods are applicable to: liquid cow's (whole, partially skimmed or skimmed milk), goat's and sheep's whole milk; hard, semi-hard and processed cheese; dried milk and dried milk products (including milk-based infant formulae, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, casein and caseinate). The methods are not applicable to samples containing ammonium caseinate.
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ISO/TS 17758|IDF/RM 87:2014 specifies a method for the determination of the dispersibility in water of instant dried milk. The method is applicable to instant dried skimmed milk manufactured by either the "straight-through" or the "re-wet" process and also to instant dried whole milk.
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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content and crude protein calculation of milk and milk products by the Kjeldahl principle, using traditional and block digestion methods. The methods are applicable to:
— liquid cow’s (whole, partially skimmed or skimmed milk), goat’s and sheep’s whole milk;
— hard, semi-hard and processed cheese;
— dried milk and dried milk products (including milk-based infant formulae, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, casein and caseinate).
The methods are not applicable to samples containing ammonium caseinate.
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ISO 8968-1|IDF 20-1:2014 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content and crude protein calculation of milk and milk products by the Kjeldahl principle, using traditional and block digestion methods. The methods are applicable to: liquid cow's (whole, partially skimmed or skimmed milk), goat's and sheep's whole milk; hard, semi-hard and processed cheese; dried milk and dried milk products (including milk-based infant formulae, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, casein and caseinate). The methods are not applicable to samples containing ammonium caseinate.
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ISO 5536|IDF 23:2009 specifies a method for the determination of the water content of milk fat products by the Karl Fischer method.
The method is applicable to butteroil (anhydrous butteroil, anhydrous butterfat, anhydrous milk fat) with a water content not exceeding 1,0 % mass fraction.
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ISO 9622|IDF 141:2013 gives guidelines for the quantitative compositional analysis of milk and liquid milk products, such as raw milk, processed milk, cream and whey, by measurement of the absorption of mid-infrared radiation. Additional built-in instrument features, such as a conductivity sensor, can improve the performance in the determination of compositional parameters and allow for the estimation of other parameters. The guidelines specified are applicable to the analysis of cow's milk. The guidelines are also applicable to the analysis of milk of other species (goat, ewe, buffalo, etc.) and derived liquid milk products, provided adequate calibrations are generated for each application and adequate control procedures are in place.
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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the water content of milk fat products by the Karl Fischer (KF) method. The method is applicable to butteroil (anhydrous butteroil, anhydrous butterfat, anhydrous milk fat) with a water content not exceeding 1,0 % mass fraction.
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ISO/TS 22113|IDF/RM 204:2012 specifies a routine method for determining the titratable acidity of milk fat. The method is applicable to milk fat obtained from: a) raw milk; b) heat-treated milk; c) milk reconstituted from milk powder; d) cream with any fat content, provided the product is diluted so as to obtain a mass fraction of between 4 % and 6 % fat. The method is not applicable to fermented milk or milk that has undergone bacterial or enzymatic damage.
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ISO 15174:2012 specifies a method for comparison of the total milk-clotting activity of a microbial coagulant sample with the milk-clotting activity of an international microbial coagulant reference standard on a standard milk substrate prepared with a calcium chloride solution of concentration 0,5 g/l (pH ~6,5).
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This part of ISO 8968 IDF 20 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content of liquid, whole or skimmed milk. It concerns a semi-micro rapid routine method following the block-digestion principle.
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2011-10-03 - KA - French version only
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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in milk.
The method applies to alkaline phosphatase activities not less than 1 µg of phenol per millilitre. The method is also suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in milk powder, buttermilk and buttermilk powder, whey and whey powder.
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ISO 1211|IDF 1:2010 specifies the reference method for the determination of the fat content of milk of good physicochemical quality.
The method is applicable to raw cow milk, raw sheep milk, raw goat milk, reduced fat milk, skimmed milk, chemically preserved milk, and processed liquid milk.
It is not applicable when greater accuracy is required for skimmed milk, e.g. to establish the operating efficiency of cream separators.
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