55.180 - Freight distribution of goods
ICS 55.180 Details
Freight distribution of goods
Transport
Distribution des marchandises
Distribucija blaga s prevozom
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 55.180 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Freight distribution of goods". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 659 standards classified under ICS 55.180 (Freight distribution of goods). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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The document is applicable to thermally insulated means of transport used for temperature sensitive goods equipped with a cooling and/or heating device.
This document is applicable to the terminology, the requirements for thermal insulation, air tightness, dimensioning of equipment with cooling and/or heating device for long distance and distribution transport.
This document does not apply to further land transport requirements with regard to dimensions, weights, etc. Further this document does not apply to safety requirements or special requirements for thermal containers covered by ISO 1496-2.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The document is applicable to thermally insulated means of transport used for temperature sensitive goods equipped with a cooling and/or heating device.
This document is applicable to the terminology, the requirements for thermal insulation, air tightness, dimensioning of equipment with cooling and/or heating device for long distance and distribution transport.
This document does not apply to further land transport requirements with regard to dimensions, weights, etc. Further this document does not apply to safety requirements or special requirements for thermal containers covered by ISO 1496-2.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the minimum design and performance criteria and testing methods of passive fire-resistant containers (FRCs) used in cargo compartments of civil transport aircraft to improve fire protection. This document does not cover requirements for fire detection or suppression devices. The specified fire-resistant containers (FRCs) are passive devices capable of containing a fire for a specific duration.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the performance requirements to establish nominal loads for new flat pallets.
It also specifies the tests required for new flat pallets in various handling environments and the performance requirements for tests with payloads. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling.
The test methods are split into groups for
— nominal load testing,
— maximum working load testing, and
— durability comparison testing.
This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet designs.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the performance requirements to establish nominal loads for new flat pallets.
It also specifies the tests required for new flat pallets in various handling environments and the performance requirements for tests with payloads. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling.
The test methods are split into groups for
— nominal load testing,
— maximum working load testing, and
— durability comparison testing.
This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet designs.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling. The test methods are split into groups for - nominal load testing, - maximum working load testing, and - durability comparison testing. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet. NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet designs.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the performance requirements to establish nominal loads for new flat pallets. It also specifies the tests required for new flat pallets in various handling environments and the performance requirements for tests with payloads. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies materials, construction and design requirements, type test and marking requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) intended to contain non-dangerous solid materials in powder, granular or paste form, and designed to be lifted from above by integral or detachable devices.
This document also provides guidance on the selection and safe usage of FIBCs.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the periodic inspection, examination and testing of offshore containers, built in accordance with ISO 10855-1 and with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, and their associated lifting sets, intended for repeated use to, from and between offshore installations and ships. Inspection requirements following damage and repair of offshore containers are also included.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for lifting sets for use with containers in offshore service, including technical requirements, marking and statements of conformity for single and multi-leg slings, including chain slings and wire rope slings.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the design, manufacture and marking of offshore containers with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, intended for repeated use to, from and between offshore installations and ships.
This document specifies only transport-related requirements.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for lifting sets for use with containers in offshore service, including technical requirements, marking and statements of conformity for single and multi-leg slings, including chain slings and wire rope slings.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the periodic inspection, examination and testing of offshore containers, built in accordance with ISO 10855-1 and with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, and their associated lifting sets, intended for repeated use to, from and between offshore installations and ships. Inspection requirements following damage and repair of offshore containers are also included.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the design, manufacture and marking of offshore containers with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, intended for repeated use to, from and between offshore installations and ships.
This document specifies only transport-related requirements.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines terms and definitions related to containers. NOTE The different parts and components used in the construction of containers are specified in ISO 9897.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies materials, construction and design requirements, type test and marking requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) intended to contain non-dangerous solid materials in powder, granular or paste form, and designed to be lifted from above by integral or detachable devices.
This document also provides guidance on the selection and safe usage of FIBCs.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies materials, construction and design requirements, type test and marking requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) intended to contain non-dangerous solid materials in powder, granular or paste form, and designed to be lifted from above by integral or detachable devices. This document also provides guidance on the selection and safe usage of FIBCs.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard37 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the classification, technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of bamboo-wood composite for container flooring. This document is applicable to the types of freight containers specified in ISO 1496-1:2013, ISO 1496-1:2013/Amd 1:2016 and ISO 1496-1:2013/Amd 2:2024.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies short-range wireless active communication between two active IoT/telematic hardware items, such as a gateway device and/or a sensor. NOTE Active hardware item in this document refers to devices and sensors, which have capacity to record and transmit measurements, i.e. data, without external activation through extra accessories, e.g. readers or scanners. The application of such communications is based on equipment and container type. This document covers the following: — wireless technology choices for wireless communication involving active hardware items, i.e. sensor to device communication; — critical design factors of containers and hardware items intended to be used within one container environment; — parameters for open protocol communication and possible applications (use cases). This document does not define installation locations for devices and sensors; however, it is expected that the hardware items are installed on or in the container, based on the following considerations: — existing regulations and standards; — container design, and specification of the material it is made of; — best possible connection, which enables interoperable communication between sensor and device; — cargo and personnel safety. Due to the pace of technology development, the number of connected sensors to one gateway device are not defined in this document. This document assumes that at least one sensor can be connected to at least one gateway device wirelessly.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.
4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO-GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.
5.5 The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.
5.6 Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.
5.7 Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended hydraulic cements.
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These practices describe methods of packaging/packing aluminum and magnesium products, in preparation for storage or shipment, both foreign and domestic. These practices are designed to deliver the products to their destination in good condition. Aluminum and magnesium products must be preserved and packed so as to be adequately protected from possible damage during shipment and storage. Major damage type are: mechanical and corrosion or water stain. These practices are classified according to levels of protection: Level A and commercial packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe methods of packaging/packing aluminum and magnesium products, in preparation for storage or shipment, both foreign and domestic. Assuming proper and normal handling in transit, these practices are designed to deliver the products to their destination in good condition. For DOD redistribution, see Supplementary Requirements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 Aluminum and magnesium products must be preserved and packed so as to be adequately protected from possible damage during shipment and storage. Major damage types are:
1.3.1 Mechanical, including bending, crushing, denting, scratching, or gouging during handling and storage; and abrasions resulting from vibration during transport of the material.
1.3.2 Corrosion, or water stain, resulting from exposure of packed material to water, either externally applied, or as condensate caused by temperature variations in a humid atmosphere.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBC designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.
4.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting hydrostatic pressure tests on IBC designs subjected to UN certification testing.
4.3 Intermediate bulk container designs are required to be tested in a sequence. This guide focuses on conducting the hydrostatic pressure test, which is preceded in the test sequence by the leakproofness test. The fittings and adaptors applied to the container for the hydrostatic pressure test may also be used for the leakproofness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing hydrostatic pressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) designs as required by the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).
1.2 This guide focuses on composite and rigid plastic IBCs and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type.
1.3 This guide provides information to help clarify various terms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certification process that may assist in determining the applicable test.
1.4 This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting pressure testing.
1.5 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.
1.6 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR 178.814.
1.7 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR 172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the basic specifications and testing requirements for series 1 freight containers of the dry bulk container non-pressurized type which are suitable for international exchange and for conveyance by road, rail and sea, including interchange between these forms of transport. As the density and flow characteristics of dry bulk cargoes vary widely, containers conforming to this document are not expected to be suitable for the carriage of all such cargoes. Therefore, except where otherwise stated, the requirements of this document are minimum requirements. The container types covered by this document are given in Table 1. This document does not apply to BK3 flexible bulk containers.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the ability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact, or to evaluate the ability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall drop impact. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice D4169 for additional guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the free-fall method.
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the system composition, data format (storage data of the seal, interaction data and format between seal and APP, interaction data and format between smartphone APP and information platform, data exchanged between platforms), technical requirements, data communication requirements and operational requirements for freight container NFC seals, QR code seals, NFC and QR code seals. This document applies to the design, manufacture and application of freight container NFC seals, QR code seals, NFC and QR code seals.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a system for the identification and presentation of information about freight containers. The identification system is intended for general application, for example in documentation, control and communications (including automatic data processing systems), as well as for display on the containers themselves.
The methods of displaying identification and certain other data (including operational data) on containers by means of permanent marks are included.
This document specifies:
a) a container identification system, with an associated system for verifying the accuracy of its use, having:
— mandatory marks for the presentation of the identification system for visual interpretation, and
— features to be used in optional Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) and electronic data interchange (EDI);
b) a coding system for data on container size and type, with corresponding marks for their display;
c) operational marks, both mandatory and optional;
d) physical presentation of marks on the container.
The terms “mandatory” and “optional” in this document are used to differentiate those ISO marking provisions which shall necessarily be fulfilled by all containers from those which are not required of all containers. The optional marks are included to further comprehension and promote uniform application of the optional mark. If a choice has been made to display an optional mark, the provisions laid down in this document relating to the mark shall be applied. The terms “mandatory” and “optional” do not refer to requirements of any regulatory body.
This document applies to all freight containers covered by International Standards ISO 668, parts 1 to 5 of ISO 1496, ISO 8323 and should, wherever appropriate and practicable, be applied:
— to containers other than those covered by the International Standards mentioned in Clause 2;
— to container-related and/or detachable equipment.
NOTE 1 Containers marked according to previous editions of ISO 6346 need not be re-marked.
This document does not cover temporary operational marks of any kind, permanent marks, data plates, etc. which may be required by intergovernmental agreements, national legislation or nongovernmental organizations.
NOTE 2 Some of the major international conventions whose container-marking requirements are not covered in this document are as follows:
— International Convention for Safe Containers (1972, as amended) (CSC), International Maritime Organization (IMO);
— Customs Convention on Containers 1956 and 1972, related to temporary admission and transport under customs seal.
— Convention on Temporary Admission (Istanbul, 26 June 1990), related to temporary admission.
It should not be assumed that this list is exhaustive.
This document does not cover the display of technical data on tank containers (see ISO 1496-3), nor does it, in any way, include identification marks or safety signs for items of cargo which may be carried in freight containers.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the data communication concepts applicable to the data requirements of the transport community. It also includes the regulatory authorities related to freight and its intermodal transfer to participate in common reporting. Data communication concepts include information entities (data elements), aggregated/associated information entities (groups of data elements) and messages that comprise information exchanges at transport interfaces along the chain of participants responsible for the delivery of goods from the point of origin through to the final recipient. This includes all transport entities carrying the cargo as well as the documents and information required to facilitate the cargo movement. This document focuses on a single "thread" of the overall end-to-end supply chain. It includes motor transport data needs within the international supply chain to satisfy the requirements of both businesses and governmental organizations on business to business (B2B), business to government (B2G), government to business (G2B) and government to government (G2G) relationships. This document is applicable to shipments that originate in one country and terminate in another. It can also be applied to shipments that originate and terminate in a single country. This document is applicable to freight movements that interface with other modes and incorporates interface requirements set for those other modes. This document is also designed to incorporate the elements of the Govcbr message (a message developed by the World Customs organization, WCO, that can facilitate data exchange but can potentially not apply to all parties throughout the supply chain) and have them apply across the whole supply-chain, on a global basis. This document does not constrain the requirements of customs, regulatory and safety bodies at border crossings but does include the data elements likely to be required by customs authorities and other governmental bodies within a single window environment or within a port community system environment.
- Standard113 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a system for the identification and presentation of information about freight containers. The identification system is intended for general application, for example in documentation, control and communications (including automatic data processing systems), as well as for display on the containers themselves.
The methods of displaying identification and certain other data (including operational data) on containers by means of permanent marks are included.
This document specifies:
a) a container identification system, with an associated system for verifying the accuracy of its use, having:
— mandatory marks for the presentation of the identification system for visual interpretation, and
— features to be used in optional Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) and electronic data interchange (EDI);
b) a coding system for data on container size and type, with corresponding marks for their display;
c) operational marks, both mandatory and optional;
d) physical presentation of marks on the container.
The terms “mandatory” and “optional” in this document are used to differentiate those ISO marking provisions which shall necessarily be fulfilled by all containers from those which are not required of all containers. The optional marks are included to further comprehension and promote uniform application of the optional mark. If a choice has been made to display an optional mark, the provisions laid down in this document relating to the mark shall be applied. The terms “mandatory” and “optional” do not refer to requirements of any regulatory body.
This document applies to all freight containers covered by International Standards ISO 668, parts 1 to 5 of ISO 1496, ISO 8323 and should, wherever appropriate and practicable, be applied:
— to containers other than those covered by the International Standards mentioned in Clause 2;
— to container-related and/or detachable equipment.
NOTE 1 Containers marked according to previous editions of ISO 6346 need not be re-marked.
This document does not cover temporary operational marks of any kind, permanent marks, data plates, etc. which may be required by intergovernmental agreements, national legislation or nongovernmental organizations.
NOTE 2 Some of the major international conventions whose container-marking requirements are not covered in this document are as follows:
— International Convention for Safe Containers (1972, as amended) (CSC), International Maritime Organization (IMO);
— Customs Convention on Containers 1956 and 1972, related to temporary admission and transport under customs seal.
— Convention on Temporary Admission (Istanbul, 26 June 1990), related to temporary admission.
It should not be assumed that this list is exhaustive.
This document does not cover the display of technical data on tank containers (see ISO 1496-3), nor does it, in any way, include identification marks or safety signs for items of cargo which may be carried in freight containers.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The means of closing the flaps of corrugated shipping containers is one of the important decisions for a shipper. It may affect the overall material cost, the labor costs, the packaging equipment costs, and the performance of the box during distribution.
4.2 This practice provides a list of many available procedures for closing, sealing, and reinforcing boxes. Most of these describe a particular packaging material and a particular use of it on a box. Some methods involve package performance testing; any closure or reinforcement which passes prescribed tests (usually on the proposed box and contents) is considered to comply with that section of this practice. Performance-based methods are encouraged because they allow for considerable flexibility in the choice of packaging materials and methods yet provide assurance of a given level of performance.
4.3 A diverse range of methods are described in this practice but relative performance levels are not given. Laboratory package testing such as Practice D4169 and field experience are recommended to rate alternative methods on performance for the intended use.
4.4 The descriptions of materials and methods in this practice provide direction for the procurement of materials and for their common uses on boxes. These descriptions may be sufficient for some specification purposes, but others will require more thorough material and application requirements than those given here.
4.5 The list of methods in this practice is not exhaustive; deviation or variation from the listed methods is possible with the approval of the appropriate parties referencing this practice. Depending on the characteristics of the contents, the specific shipping container, the acceptable package costs, the distribution hazards, and the desired degree of assurance of successful shipment, more stringent methods than those listed may be needed or less stringent methods than those listed may be adequate. The methods described are typical uses...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes several methods for closing, sealing, and reinforcing fiberboard (solid and corrugated, excluding triple wall) shipping boxes used for shipment. One or several methods listed in this practice may be referenced in regulations, specifications, or contracts. (See Appendix for cross reference).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: This practice is intended to be workable in both inch-pound units and SI units. Unit conversions are intended to be functional but are not necessarily exact; this should not significantly affect the performance of the closing, sealing, or reinforcing methods. Descriptions in inch-pound and SI units are considered interchangeable in this practice.
Note 2: All references to this standard should be made by closure number.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a system for the identification and presentation of information about freight containers. The identification system is intended for general application, for example in documentation, control and communications (including automatic data processing systems), as well as for display on the containers themselves. The methods of displaying identification and certain other data (including operational data) on containers by means of permanent marks are included. This document specifies: a) a container identification system, with an associated system for verifying the accuracy of its use, having: - mandatory marks for the presentation of the identification system for visual interpretation, and - features to be used in optional Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) and electronic data interchange (EDI); b) a coding system for data on container size and type, with corresponding marks for their display; c) operational marks, both mandatory and optional; d) physical presentation of marks on the container. The terms “mandatory” and “optional” in this document are used to differentiate those ISO marking provisions which shall necessarily be fulfilled by all containers from those which are not required of all containers. The optional marks are included to further comprehension and promote uniform application of the optional mark. If a choice has been made to display an optional mark, the provisions laid down in this document relating to the mark shall be applied. The terms “mandatory” and “optional” do not refer to requirements of any regulatory body. This document applies to all freight containers covered by International Standards ISO 668, parts 1 to 5 of ISO 1496, ISO 8323 and should, wherever appropriate and practicable, be applied: - to containers other than those covered by the International Standards mentioned in Clause 2; - to container-related and/or detachable equipment. NOTE 1 Containers marked according to previous editions of ISO 6346 need not be re-marked. This document does not cover temporary operational marks of any kind, permanent marks, data plates, etc. which may be required by intergovernmental agreements, national legislation or nongovernmental organizations. NOTE 2 Some of the major international conventions whose container-marking requirements are not covered in this document are as follows: - International Convention for Safe Containers (1972, as amended) (CSC), International Maritime Organization (IMO); - Customs Convention on Containers 1956 and 1972, related to temporary admission and transport under customs seal. - Convention on Temporary Admission (Istanbul, 26 June 1990), related to temporary admission. It should not be assumed that this list is exhaustive. This document does not cover the display of technical data on tank containers (see ISO 1496-3), nor does it, in any way, include identification marks or safety signs for items of cargo which may be carried in freight containers.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materials are used to protect their contents from the hazards encountered in handling, transportation, and storage. Shock is one of the more troublesome of these hazards. Free-fall drop testing, while easy to perform, often understresses the test specimen by subjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to the dropping surface.
Note 1: For example, testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops, 2° off perpendicularity, result in 8 % lower acceleration into the test specimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.4
4.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides a convenient method for evaluating the ability of shipping containers, interior packaging materials, and contents to withstand shocks. Simulated free-fall drop testing of package systems, which have critical elements, has produced good results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least three times that of the package system's natural frequency.
4.2 As in most mechanical shock test procedures, fixturing of the package on the shock test machine may have significant influence on the test results. Typically, packages will be firmly held on the table by securing some type of cross member(s) across the top of the package. Care should be taken that any pressure resulting from such fixturing should be minimal, particularly when the container being tested is corrugated or some other similar material.
4.2.1 In cases where low-acceleration, long-duration responses are anticipated, any fixturing can potentially influence packaged item response and can possibly alter any correlation between this test method and free-fall drop testing. Where such correlation is desired, the package can be tested without it being fixed directly to the table. Note that in such circumstances, the shipping container can vigorously rebound from the table and can, if not otherwise controlled, present a safety problem for operators. Fixing the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of using shock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops of loaded shipping containers, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements, acceptable criteria, and testing procedures for examining loaded shipping containers. Drop, vibration, and compression tests shall be performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the product from shock, vibration, and compression forces encountered during normal export handling and shipping conditions. This specification is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures, and is not intended for use with hazardous materials as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procedures for testing loaded shipping containers. Drop, vibration and compression tests are performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the product from shock, vibration and compressive forces encountered during normal export handling and shipping conditions. This specification is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures. This specification is not intended for use with hazardous materials.
1.2 These procedures are suitable for all types of laboratory apparatus, including reusable and disposable macro and micro products.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 4, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the performance requirements to establish nominal loads for new flat pallets. It also specifies the tests required for new flat pallets in various handling environments and the performance requirements for tests with payloads. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
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This document specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling. The test methods are split into groups for: - nominal load testing; - maximum working load testing; - durability comparison testing. This document does not apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet. NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet designs.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing stack testing on UN packaging designs using either guided or unguided top loads. This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting stacking test and provides information for recommended equipment.
4.2 All packaging design types other than bags must be subjected to a stacking test. Packagings subject to the stacking test must be capable of withstanding a superimposed top load of a specified minimum mass for a specified period of time without failure as these parameters are defined in the regulations. The test is not intended to determine the absolute top load capability of a packaging.
Note 1: When quantification of box compression strength is desired for determining stacking strength or for design purposes use Test Method D642 and conditioning as recommended in 4.5.
4.3 Design qualification testing procedures are intended, as explicitly stated in the HMR, to be the minimum performance capability levels for packaging manufactured to transport Hazardous Materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.
4.4 The HMR tests are designed to be gross package capability evaluations that can be performed in a similar manner in all parts of the world, but under circumstances with some variance in test facility capabilities. This is an intentional feature of the test designs and protocols. The focus of HMR testing is not the determination of quantifiable, comparison data to allow for analytical evaluation.
4.5 It is recommended that facilities performing the HMR tests consult the guidance on conditioning in the relevant ASTM documents for any particular packaging material as applicable. The following conditioning documents, Practices D4332 and D685, are commonly used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR).
1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certification.
1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packaged products transported by meansn of the feeder aircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m [19 000 ft].4 When exposed to these high altitude conditions, products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.
4.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effect of high altitude on packaging systems.
4.3 These test methods are suitable for package or product, or both, development and engineering.
4.4 Other test methods, such as Test Methods D3078, D4991 and D5094, test for leakage of packaging systems by vacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects of high altitude.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure differential when packaged products are transported by meansn of certain modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be used for qualitative purposes.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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1.1 This document provides general utilization requirements and recommendations and calculation methods adequate to guarantee the effectiveness and ultimate strength of tie-down/lashing arrangements performed to restrain cargo on board civil transport aircraft during flight, including the following: a) cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness approved air cargo pallets, themselves restrained into aircraft lower deck or main deck or upper deck cargo systems meeting the restraint requirements of air cargo pallets approved in accordance with ISO8097 (NAS 3610) or ISO 21100, or b) additional tie-down on aircraft structure when necessitated by pallet maximum gross mass or centre of gravity limits, or c) non-unitized individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of cargo placed onto an unrestrained pallet (floating pallet) into either lower deck, main deck or upper deck containerized cargo compartments of an aircraft, when using for this purpose restraint slings (wire rope cables) specified in ISO 20291-1. 1.2 Restraint slings as specified in this document can also be used for permanent or semi-permanent attachment of a special purpose device, such as aircraft engine transport stand (see ISO 11241), horse stall (see ISO 9469), automobile transport device (see ISO 8268) or other, whether or not airworthiness approved, onto an aircraft pallet. 1.3 This document applies to cargo tie-down/lashing arrangements using exclusively air cargo restraint slings conforming to ISO 20291-1. NOTE Where tie-down is performed onto aircraft structure as per 1.1 b) or c), additional restrictions can be stated in the aircraft's authority approved Weight and Balance Manual. 1.4 This document specifies industry recognized means of complying with airworthiness authorities general regulations applicable to load securing on board civil transport aircraft (see 14 CFR Part 25 and EASA CS-25, CCAR-25 or Japanese Airworthiness Standard Part 3), and aircraft manufacturers authority approved Weight and Balance Manuals for each aircraft type as specified therein. 1.5 The wire rope slings in this document are intended exclusively for restraint purposes on board aircraft and are not intended to be used as lifting slings for handling or any other purpose.
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This document specifies the design criteria and testing methods adequate to guarantee the ultimate strength and operational dependability of cargo restraint sling assemblies made of steel wire rope, with a 22,25 kN (5 000 lbf) rated ultimate load capability, as can be used by the airline industry in order to restrain on board civil transport aircraft during flight, including the following: - cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness approved air cargo pallets, themselves restrained into aircraft lower deck, main deck or upper deck cargo systems and meeting the requirements of ISO 8097 (NAS 3610) or ISO 21100, or - non-unitized individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of cargo placed onto an unrestrained ("floating") pallet into either lower deck, main deck or upper deck containerized cargo compartments of an aircraft, to be restrained onto aircraft structure attachment (tie-down) points. Two types of wire rope restraint slings are defined: a) type A: adjustable length restraint sling assemblies, including a tension retaining device and termination fittings attached to the wire rope end eyes; b) type B: fixed length restraint sling extensions, to be used in conjunction with a type A cable; extensions are usually terminated at both ends by eyes, without additional fittings, and can be attached through hooks or shackles. The cables specified in this document are intended exclusively for restraint purposes on board aircraft, and not for use as lifting slings.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the packaging, identification and marking, shipment, and storage of lock-strip gaskets, and gasket assemblies and components that are used in building walls.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This specification can be referred to in contract documents as a method and workmanship standard. See also related Specification C542, Specification C716, Terminology C717, and Guide C964.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the packaging, identification, shipment, and storage of lock-strip gaskets and components that comply with Specification C542 and that are used in building walls that are not more than 15° from a vertical plane.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Leaks in medical device, pharmaceutical, and food packages may result in the ingress of unwanted gases (most commonly oxygen), harmful microbiological, or particulate contaminants. Package leaks may appear as imperfections in the package components themselves or at the seal juncture between mated components. The ability to detect leaks is necessary to ensure consistency and integrity of packages.
5.2 After initial set-up and calibration, individual test operation may be semi-automatic, automatic, or manual. The test method permits non-destructive detection of leaks not visibly detectable. The test method does not require the introduction of any extraneous materials or substances, such as dyes or gases. However, it is important to physically mask or block off any package porous barrier surface during the test to prevent rapid loss of chamber vacuum resulting primarily from gas migration through the porous surface. Leak detection is based solely on the ability to detect the change in pressure inside the test chamber resulting from gas or vapor egress from a package challenged with vacuum.
5.3 This test is a useful research tool for optimizing package sealing parameters and for comparatively evaluating various packages and materials. This test method is also applicable to production settings as it is rapid, non-invasive, and non-destructive, making it useful for either 100 % on-line testing or to perform tests on a statistical sampling from the production operation.
5.4 Leak test results that exceed the permissible limits for the vacuum decay test are indicated by audible or visual signal responses, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 Test Packages—Packages that can be nondestructively evaluated by this test method include:
1.1.1 Rigid and semi-rigid non-lidded trays.
1.1.2 Trays or cups sealed with porous barrier lidding material.
1.1.3 Rigid, nonporous packages.
1.1.4 Flexible, nonporous packages.
1.2 Leaks Detected—This test method detects package leaks by measuring the rise in pressure (vacuum loss) in an enclosed evacuated test chamber containing the test package. Vacuum loss results from leakage of test package headspace gases and/or volatilization of test package liquid contents located in or near the leak. When testing for leaks that may be partially or completely plugged with the package’s liquid contents, the test chamber is evacuated to a pressure below the liquid’s vaporization pressure. All methods require a test chamber to contain the test package and a leak detection system designed with one or more pressure transducers. Test method sensitivities cited below were determined using specific product-package systems selected for the precision and bias studies summarized in Table 1. Table 1 also lists other examples of relevant product-package systems that can be tested for leakage by vacuum decay.
1.2.1 Trays or Cups (Non-lidded) (Air Leakage)—Hole or crack defects in the wall of the tray/cup of at least 50 μm in diameter can be detected. Nonlidded trays were tested at a Target Vacuum of –4·E4 Pa (–400 mbar).
1.2.2 Trays Sealed with Porous Barrier Lidding Material (Headspace Gas Leakage)—Hole or crack defects in the wall of the tray/cup of at least 100 μm in diameter can be detected. Channel defects in the seal area (made using wires of 125 μm in diameter) can be detected. Severe seal bonding defects in both continuous adhesive and dot matrix adhesive package systems can be detected. Slightly incomplete dot matrix adhesive bonding defects can also be detected. All porous barrier lidding material packages were tested at a Target Vacuum of –4·E4 Pa (–400 mbar). The sensitivity of the test for porous lidded packages is approximately E-2 Pa·m3·s-1 using a calibrated volumetric airflow meter.
1.2.3 Rigid, Nonporous Packages (Headspace Gas Leakage)—Hole defects of at least 5 μm in diameter can be detected. Plastic bottles with screw caps were tested at a target vacuum...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compressive resistance is one of the properties used to evaluate the ability of shipping containers, components, and unit loads to successfully survive the compressive forces they are subjected to during storage and distribution (see Note 1).
Note 1: For constant load test refer to Test Method D4577.
4.2 Compressive resistance may be determined with either fixed- or swiveled-platen-type testing machines. However, a fixed-head compression machine is required to perform edge-to-edge and corner-to-corner orientations on test specimens (see Note 2). Also, unit loads are generally tested only in the top-to-bottom orientation.
Note 2: Fixed-platen machines generally cause corrugated box specimens to fail at their strongest point, while swivel-platen machines cause corrugated box specimens to fail at their weakest point.5 The swiveled platen is allowed to move to the weakest point of the container.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers compression tests on shipping containers (for example, boxes and drums) or components, or both. Shipping containers may be tested with or without contents. The procedure may be used for measuring the ability of the container to resist external compressive loads applied to its faces, to diagonally opposite edges, or to corners. This test method covers testing of multiple containers or unit loads, in addition to individual shipping containers, components, materials, or combination thereof.
1.2 The test method of applying load may be used to compare the characteristics of a given design of container with a standard, or to compare the characteristics of containers differing in construction.
1.3 This test method is related to TAPPI T 804. This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Test Method 12048. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.4 The test may be conducted with the container loaded with contents and interior packaging in cases where the contents share the load.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.
4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.
4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous sources provide detailed information as to the loading, blocking, bracing, and unloading of specific types of cargo in unimodal and intermodal transport. Some of these sources are proprietary, others are massive and complex in scope, and none are consistently promulgated to shippers, carriers, and consignees. Many of the losses experienced by cargo in transport are due to the failure to practice proper basic cargo handling and loading techniques. These practices are intended to outline those techniques in simple, clear, generic, and easy to promulgate formats, including posters, slides, videotapes, and pamphlets, and are further intended to serve as the basis upon which a comprehensive cargo handling methodology may be built.
4.2 Users of these practices should avail themselves of the detailed resource information available. The practices as defined are not sufficient to form a complete cargo handling protocol.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to serve as a guide to shippers, carriers, and consignees for load planning, loading, blocking, and bracing of intermodal and unimodal cargo in surface transport. The practices are referenced to a bibliography of information concerning the above. Hazardous materials, bulk cargo, non-containerized break bulk in ocean carriage, and transport of cargo by air are not included in these practices at this time.
1.2 These practices shall apply to cargo in surface transport on flat bed, open top, box car, truck, van, and intermodal containers.
1.3 The practices are intended to form a framework for the safe and effective loading and unloading of cargo in intermodal and unimodal surface transport. They are not intended to provide comprehensive detail relating to specific types of cargo, but will reference to source materials wherein such detail may be found.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for lashing points for cargo securing on commercial vehicles and intermodal loading units for cargo transport.
This document does not apply to:
- Vehicles and intermodal loading units manufactured before publication of this standard;
- Vehicles and intermodal loading units designed and constructed exclusively for the transport of bulk materials;
- Vehicles and intermodal loading units designed and constructed exclusively for the transport of specific cargo with particular securing requirements;
- Vehicles (delivery vans) in conformance to ISO 27956;
- ISO series 1 freight containers.
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This document specifies minimum requirements for the strength and attachment of tarpaulins used on swap bodies and utility vehicles for road and road/rail combined (intermodal transport) traffic.
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