ISO/TS 7344:2024

Technical
Specification
ISO/TS 7344
First edition
Short-range wireless sensor to
2024-03
device communication
Communication courte portée pour transfert de données entre
capteurs et relais embarqués
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 General information . 2
5.1 General requirements .2
5.1.1 Unlicensed frequency spectrum definition .3
5.1.2 Wireless sensor network architecture .3
5.2 Definition of the sensor to device communication .3
5.2.1 Possible types of interaction between sensor and device based on installation
location . .4
5.2.2 Sensor to device pairing .6
5.2.3 Firmware updates .6
5.2.4 Periodicity of the sending interval and latency of reporting . .6
5.2.5 Periodic and event-based communication .7
6 Sensor to device communication . 8
6.1 Requirements of non-proprietary sensor to device communication .8
6.2 Definition of standardized sensor to device communication .8
7 Safety and regulatory considerations . 8
Bibliography . 9

iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104, Freight containers, Subcommittee SC 4,
Identification and communication.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
The use of wireless communication has expanded globally thanks to new wireless standards and very
low-cost transceiver chips and modules. However, there is a need to specify the use of open protocols and
intended behaviour in diverse use cases, to allow compatibility of hardware from different origins. Wireless
communication capability has become an easy and relatively low-cost addition to almost any Internet
of Things (IoT) device in transport and logistics, where a wireless feature can enhance performance,
convenience, and/or marketability. In the machine-to-machine communication space, remote keyless entry
(RKE) and remote pairing are the most widespread. A wireless temperature sensor within a cargo container,
for instance, can transmit temperature updates to the IoT device, which serves as a gateway to the Internet,
thus providing “near real-time” temperature monitoring for sensitive cargo. When choosing a communication
technology between the measuring sensor and the IoT device in one environment, e.g. a freight container, the
operational context plays a crucial role, i.e. container design, distance from sensor to IoT device, location of
both on/in a container and communication protocols that support these hardware items.
NOTE So-called “real-time” is mainly used as a commercial term. Due to the limitation of the technology to
transmit data non-stop, in order to manage the battery lifetime expectation, connectivity with cloud computing is
done in defined periodical intervals, e.g. every 5 min, 15 min, 1 h or similar. Therefore, from a technical point of view,
this reference is related to “near real-time”.
ISO/TS 18625 provides guidance for a system and its enabling devices, used to track, monitor and/or report
the status of the container. Based on existing technology, ISO/TS 18625 defines three levels (Tier 0, Tier 1
and Tier 2) of capabilities for a container tracking device (CTD) to be matched with the needs of the users
(e.g. a shipper, a consolidator, a logistic service provider and more).
This document refers to CTD as described in Tier 2 of ISO/TS 18625 (reporting without a reader using
technologies such as satellite or cell phone) and CTD’s “local” communication within one environment to
dependent wireless sensors. Being in one environment, the expected wireless communication between
sensors and a CTD can be short-range, however it needs to withstand conditions prescribed by the purpose
of such technical application. Therefore, a choice of the applicable technologies is directly related to the
types of sensors and measurements they make, container configuration, location of the receiving device,
size of the message and minimal sending interval.
Short-range wireless technology refers to the technology that can communicate wirelessly within a smaller
diameter region. Short-range wireless communication technology has a considerable application prospect
in the field of container equipment and management. Short-range wireless communication technologies are
NFC, wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, such as IEEE 802.15.4 based
®1)
specifications for Bluetooth , for example.
This document describes existing wireless technology on sensor to telematic device communication and
defines a list of those communication types which can be perceived as “open protocols”, non-proprietary
license free technology. Non-proprietary technology implemented on both “ends”, sensor and devices/
gateway, enables diversity in manufacturing origin of wirelessly communicating active hardware items
within one container environment. Therefore, this document specifically focuses on wireless and short-
range communication. The goal of this document is to enable interoperability among different IoT/telematic
hardware manufacturers and encourage the diversification of the applicable to the CTU environment digital
solutions. The anticipated effects and benefits are as follows:
— diversification of connected products available for short-range communication within one container
environment;
— interoperability between hardware items of different origin, used and applied to one freight container;
— improved safety of freight container and quality of the transported goods through digital supervision
and monitoring of the transportation conditions;
1) Bluetooth is the trademark of a product supplied by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. This information is given
for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO/IEC of the product named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

v
— improved transparency of freight container transportation condition among the modalities of the
supply chain.
vi
Technical Specification ISO/TS 7344:2024(en)
Short-range wireless sensor to device communication
1 Scope
This document specifies short-range wireless active communication between two active IoT/telematic
hardware items, such as a gateway device and/or a sensor.
NOTE Active hardware item in this document refers to devices and sensors, which have capacity to record and
transmit measurements, i.e. data, without external activation through extra accessories, e.g. readers or scanners.
The application of such communications is based on equipment and container type. This document covers
the following:
— wireless technology choices for wireless communication involving active hardware items, i.e. sensor to
device communication;
— critical design factors of containers and hardware items intended to be used within one container
environment;
— parameters for open protocol communication and possible applications (use cases).
This document does not define installation locations for devices and sensors; however, it is expected that the
hardware items are installed on or in the container, based on the following considerations:
— existing regulations and standards;
— container design, and specification of the material it is made of;
— best possible connection, which enables interoperable communication between sensor and device;
— cargo and personnel safety.
Due to the pace of technology development, the number of connected sensors to one gateway device are not
defined in this document. This document assumes that at least one sensor can be connected to at least one
gateway device wirelessly.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— I
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