55.160 - Cases. Boxes. Crates
ICS 55.160 Details
Cases. Boxes. Crates
Kisten. Kasten. Horden
Boites. Caisses. Cageots
Zaboji. Škatle. Plastični zaboji
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 55.160 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Cases. Boxes. Crates". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 117 standards classified under ICS 55.160 (Cases. Boxes. Crates). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It may be desirable at times to provide hand holes in corrugated boxes. Package designers use hand holes to solve ergonomic and handling problems associated with large or awkward containers. This guide provides an aid for proper hand hole design and use.
4.1.1 Boxes for handling by a single person.
4.1.2 Boxes that are too large or awkward to be handled well by a single person (4.4.1).
4.2 Ergonomics:
4.2.1 In studying and applying ergonomic principles, of primary concern is the need to provide a safe work environment for material handlers who may be required to lift or transport packages. A safe work environment is difficult to define and varies with the package in question. Several ergonomic safety issues involve repetitive motions and spine loading in the lifting process. Other issues involve finger and foot protection.
4.2.2 In distribution centers or warehouses, low back disorders have been identified as areas of elevated risk. Low back problems continue to represent the most common and costly musculoskeletal disorders in the work place.4
4.2.3 One method used to reduce the concern of distance of lift (spinal loading) is to bring the reach of the material handler's hands closer to the body. With large or awkward boxes, placing hand holes in a more advantageous position can solve this problem.
4.2.4 Maximum weight for lifting is not generally specified by safety organizations. However, when considerations of repetition, movement, and other ergonomics are taken into account, a typical maximum load per single person is often limited to 40 to 50 lb per package.
4.3 NIOSH:
4.3.1 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has published Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting.5 This document may be of assistance in developing proper hand holes and their placement for a specific package.
4.3.2 Hand holes for single person box handling are generally intended for vertical symmetric lifting with some rotation and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidelines for designing pre-cut apertures intended for use as hand holes in corrugated boxes during manual handling of boxed cargo.
1.2 Limitations—This standard offers guidance for package development and for subsequent testing of boxes to measure performance. It is not intended to provide specific information on the design of hand holes.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use..
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dimensions are important properties in the general construction of a box, and accurate methods of measurement are required for research work, routine control, and acceptance testing for conformance to specifications. For packages to carry and protect their contents effectively and efficiently, boxes and interior components must be properly and consistently sized. Correctly dimensioned and well-made boxes can be more easily set up by hand or be erected using automatic equipment. “Square” boxes (rectangular parallelepipeds) will stack better to accept load and improve stability during storage and shipment.
4.1.1 Interior dimensions of boxes are critical when the contents of the box are intended to fill or nearly fill the box with little unused side and head space. The inside dimension by tape method are the size values most often cited in box design (see 9.1, and TAPPI T827). The interior size of a box can be estimated from the score to score measurements when the scoring allowance is taken into account (see Appendix X2). The actual inside dimensions can be measured directly using the box gauge method (see 9.2). Either method can be used to measure interior box dimensions.
4.1.2 Exterior dimensions may be the critical design criteria when attempting to optimize use of the shipping platform area and overall stack height based on transportation and storage limitations. Exterior dimensions are also key design elements when making common footprint boxes.5 The exterior dimensions of a box can be measured directly using the exterior dimensions by tape method (see Appendix X1).
4.2 Measuring a Lot Quantity of Boxes—This method determines if a lot (that is, production run) is within specified tolerance for each dimension (length, width, and depth as are shown in Practice D5118/D5118M). A minimum of five specimens are measured. The test result for each dimension is the individual measurements of that dimension on all specimens (see 9.3).
4.3 Measuring Single Bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the interior and exterior dimensions of regular slotted or special slotted styles of single-wall corrugated, double-wall corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
4.2 This practice covers some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents. This practice also provides references to aid in box design for performance and for testing boxes to gauge actual performance.
4.3 Use of Other Specifications—Nothing in this practice shall be construed to prohibit the use of boxes of special design or of fiberboard packages identified by package number in the current Uniform Freight Classification and National Motor Freight Classification when in the experience and judgment of the purchaser, the nature of the articles or material to be shipped justifies such boxes or packages. Some commodities may require less protection while other commodities may require better boxes than are specified herein. Containers for explosives and dangerous articles must also comply with regulations for the Transport of Hazardous Materials (CFR Title 49).
FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box Dimensioning
FIG. 2 Box, Fiberboard; Detail of Manufacturer's Joint Construction for Class Weather Resistant and WWVR Boxes
FIG. 3 Box, Fiberboard; Details of Manufacturer's Joint Types
FIG. 4 Cover Assembly
FIG. 5 Box, Fiberboard; SL—Sleeve
FIG. 6 Box, Fiberboard; L—Liner
FIG. 7 Box, Fiberboard; RSC—Regular Slotted Box (0201)
FIG. 8 Box, Fiberboard; OSC—Overlap Slotted Box (0202)
FIG. 9 Box, Fiberboard; FOL—Full Overlap Slotted Box (0203)
FIG. 10 Box, Fiberboard; SFF—Special Full Flap Slotted Box (0206)
FIG. 11 Box, Fiberboard; CSSC—Center Special Slotted Box (0204) and CSOSC—Center Special Overlap Slotted Box (0205)
FIG. 12 Box, Fiberboard; HSCC—Half Slotted Box with Cover (0200)
FIG. 13 Box, Fiberboard; DBLCC—D...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of new fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.
1.2 This practice points out the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.
1.3 This practice does not directly cover the adequacy of fiberboard containers under all conditions of exposure to atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage. However, references regarding how to assess the adequacy of container under these conditions are included in the practice.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In the distribution system, the packaged product may be stored for a period of time in a manner such that one or more containers are stacked on one another. The bottom package is thus continually subjected to a constant compression load.
4.2 This test method subjects an empty container to a predetermined static load and to specified atmospheric conditions, if required, over a short period of time using fixed platen compression testing equipment. Deflection is measured over time.
4.3 Deflection versus time data can be used to predict time to failure of corrugated shipping containers under constant load.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the resistance of an empty paper corrugated shipping container to a vertically applied constant compression load for a specified time. The test method may also include palletized or unitized loads made of such containers. The boxes are tested in the orientation that they are most likely to be stacked in a unitized or palletized load.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice assists users in selecting appropriate performance characteristics of corrugated fiberboard or box construction, or both, commensurate with their user’s needs for packing and distribution of goods. This practice describes several attributes of fiberboard and boxes which relate to various hazards encountered in distribution and describes test parameters which may be specified by the user to ensure sufficient strength in the box for containment, storage, handling, transport and protection of contents.
4.2 The user should specify only those attributes and related tests which are required for performance to the users satisfaction including their operations and distribution cycle(s). When using the carriers’packaging rules as the major basis for developing specifications, the reason for the rule and its function and importance should be understood. As previously stated, rules and regulations may be exceeded and should be when the minimum specifications are inadequate for the full effects of the distribution cycle, etc.. If the user decides to employ box compression strength or a rough handling performance protocol as the overriding specification, it should be noted that all minimum standards required by various organizations shall also be met or surpassed if using the related certificate. These minimum standards can be stated in the box drawing so as to ensure adherence to rules and regulations. If a Box Manufacturer’s Certificate (BMC) is printed on the box, then the ECT or Mullen Burst/Basis Weight values shall meet or exceed the minimum requirements for size and weight of the packaged product.
4.3 See Appendix X7 for several examples of specification determinations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on corrugated fiberboard for the prospective user who wants guidance in selecting attributes of materials and box construction based on performance requirements. These attributes should be part of specifications which establish levels of the qualities a shipping container shall have achieved in order to be acceptable to the purchaser or user. The attributes and qualities should be testable, using standard methods that are recognized by both the buyer and seller. This practice will assist users in developing specifications for corrugated containers through an analysis of performance requirements and subsequent relationships to fiberboard materials and box construction attributes. This practice is meant to complement the box buyer–box manufacturer relationship by having the buyer (user) better understand, discuss, and negotiate needed elements of box design and specification. The full box design process is complex, and it is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.2 The attributes and their levels should be based on the intended use of the box, including the handling and environment it will encounter. Many packaging rules include detailed descriptions of the materials that may be used and style, closure, or other construction details of allowed shipping containers. These rules are presented as minimum requirements; they may be exceeded for functional reasons, but there is no regulatory reason to do so. Rail and motor freight classifications applicable for surface common carrier transportation have established minimum requirements for certain attributes of corrugated packaging. These may or may not be appropriate for application in the complete distribution system, as they encompass only containerboard or combined corrugated board — not finished boxes — and are not intended to provide for the distribution and storage system beyond the transportation segment.
1.2.1 The attribute levels contained herein are based on U.S. practice and specifications. Some attributes such as flute dimensions and basis weights may be defined differently in other countries.
1.3 There are four common methods used for specifying boxes.
1.3.1 A common approach is to examine boxes cur...
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard classification will be used to:
4.1.1 Standardize the package size increasing availability, versatility, and acceptability of bulk box/pallet units.
4.1.2 Lower transport package manufacturing costs.
4.1.3 Lower cost/lb of packaged resin because of higher net weight/package.
4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.
4.1.5 Support reuse of bulk boxes and pallets throughout the supply chain.
4.1.6 Optimize lifecycle package cost.
4.1.7 Improve both inbound and outbound freight cost in comparison to non-optimal packaging.
4.1.8 Lower inventory/storage cost of raw materials (need less on hand).
4.1.9 Reduce warehouse space for resin storage.
4.1.10 Reduce forklift trips (carrying higher weight).
4.1.11 Promote multi-industry usage of common footprint boxes and pallets (examples are the automotive and chemical drum industry).
4.1.12 Guide the first-time resin packager as to a successful bulk box/pallet unit now in use in the resin industry.
4.1.13 Optimize net product weight in truckload trailer vans and oversea containers.
4.2 This standard classification will be used by:
4.2.1 Resin producers/converters/compounders/customers to compare with their current practice.
4.2.2 Bulk box manufacturers to recommend a proven cost-effective package for plastic resins in the targeted bulk density range.
4.2.3 Pallet manufacturers as a common bulk box footprint pallet for the targeted bulk density ranges used by the plastic resin industry.
4.2.4 Box liner manufacturers to size their liners to a specified volume dimension.
4.2.5 Warehouses to provide space layout plans based on dimensions of the standard box/pallet unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3 (0.625 g/cm3).
1.3 This classification does not apply to bulk boxes containing hazardous materials.
1.4 This classification does not address box/pallet unitization requirements.
1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.
1.6 This classification does not address tamping, shaking, or other compression methods of the resin filled bulk box to condense entrained air and increase headspace in the bulk box.
1.7 This classification does not address blocking and bracing or other shipping requirements normally associated with bulk box unit deliveries.
1.8 This classification does not address filled bulk box/pallet unit stack height.
1.9 This classification does not address international shipping regulations of bulk box/pallet units.
1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This...
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes’ last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes’ performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wood boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 4.1 and 10.1).
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wood box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified (see 4). This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wood box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.11), provided the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle provided in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication methods for the production of wood boxes. The wood boxes produced are classified into two classes according to durability, six styles according to cleat and joint structure, and two treatment types. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials using standard-compliant fasteners. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes. These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shall be used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg].
1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of the specified materials and procedures. An appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for conversion of units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed for use in most cases with the actual equipment to be used in load handling.
4.2 These test methods may be used in evaluating the shipping unit as to suitability for mechanical handling by standard user-specified load-handling equipment.
4.3 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the unit load where deficiencies are found.
4.4 Damage to products or packages observed during testing may be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of unitized loads and large cases and crates, but not individual drums or palletized drums, as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling, using standard mechanical handling equipment. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products containers and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling, including pull pack, clamp truck, and spade lift-type handling equipment as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Fork Truck Handling—For testing the ability of the shipping unit to withstand repeated handlings by this test method.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Spade Lift Test—For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this test method.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Clamp Handling Test—For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compression and lifting.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Push-Pull Handling Test—For testing the ability of a unitized load on a slip-sheet to withstand repeated handling by this test method.
1.1.5 Test Method E—Grabhook Test—For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks.
1.1.6 Test Method F—Sling Tests—For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the compression of slings.
1.2 Additional Test Methods:
1.2.1 Additional test methods that apply to mechanical handling and rough handling tests of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880; horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003.
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements. In general, style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and type III, style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling. The construction and assembly method for open and covered wood crates are presented in details. A crate shall be completely assembled to ensure achievement of a container which can be properly and easily assembled which is square, and is of the proper size. Evaluate the clarity and logic of the assembly instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five types and two styles of open and one type, and one style of covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Open crates are suitable for shipment of items, which are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces, and which require only limited protection against the elements.
1.2 If environmental protection is necessary, use of a shroud or a covered crate should be considered. With the exception of Type III, Style B crates, the crates included in this specification are for use in domestic and overseas shipment of net loads not over 4000 lb [1814 kg]. Use shall be confined to items falling within the dimensions and weight limitations of the types and grades specified in Table 1.
1.3 In general, Style A crates have heavier components and are to withstand rather severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty), while Style B crates should be confined to handling and shipping that impose only light to moderate hazards on the container (light-duty). Types I, IV, and V crates are general purpose types; Type II crates are designed for items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard which do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning; and Type III, Style B crates are designed for such self-supporting material as channels, angles, or other structural members where the container serves only as a means for more convenient stacking and handling.
1.4 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.13), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inter...
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- Technical specification22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each wood member contains a combination of characteristics which affects the performance of the container or pallet in which it is used. The requirements for classes, herein specified, have been established as these characteristics are related to the functional application of members in container and pallet construction and to the service that the container or pallet may be called upon to perform.
4.2 Any other specified requirements or limitations peculiar to a particular container or pallet construction or use, such as prohibiting knotholes or loose knots to provide siftproofness, limitation to certain wood groups or species, or the selection of applicable classes for specific members of or types of containers or pallet shall be the responsibility of the standard for that container or pallet.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quality requirements for three classes of hardwood and soft-wood members, excluding man-made or fabricated wood composites, used in the construction of boxes, crates, pallets, and blocking and bracing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for two types and two classes of sheathed crates each of which may have two base styles. The crates are designed for net loads not exceeding 30 000 pounds lb [13 607 kg] and to withstand the most severe overseas shipping and storage conditions.
1.2 The crates described by this specification are intended to protect items from atmospheric elements during shipment and storage. They are designed to withstand the rough handling of logistic operations including stacking and outside storage for a prolonged period.
1.3 Class 1 and 2 crates may be used interchangeably as desired. However, the Class 2 crate should be used when weight is a prime consideration, as the lack of diagonals and thinner plywood sheathing results in a lighter crate.
1.4 Demountable crates, Type II, should be used whenever it is expected that the contained item will require reshipping to another destination.
1.5 Sill bases, Style B, are intended for items that project below their mounting points, such as disassembled vehicles.
1.6 If the use of other construction method or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.10), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of wood-cleated shipping boxes with skidded. load-bearing bases designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads under a specified weight limit. Box performance under all atmospheres, handling, shipping, and storage conditions is not discussed here. The boxes are classified into two types according to base material, two classes according to shipment destination, two styles, and two treatments. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, fiberboard, fasteners, and base components that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes covered by this specification are designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb [1134 kg] and not greater than 16 ft [4877 mm] in length (see 9.1). Regulated commodities shipments may require better boxes than those specified herein (see 9.2).
1.2 The performance of wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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- Technical specification14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This Technical Specification describes the technical features of parcel boxes for end use. This covers technical features such as size of parcels, ergonomics and safety, corrosion and water penetration resistance and security of delivery.
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IEC 60286-4:2013 is applicable to stick magazines (including end stoppers) intended to be used for storage of electronic components, for transport from the manufacturer to the customer and for in-house use in the manufacturing plant. They are also used to feed automatic placement machines for surface mounting as well as for through-hole mounting of electronic components. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Clause 4 describes the guidelines for customer specific stick magazine design. It replaces the magazine design rules for IEC outlined components and rules for orientation of components in stick magazines which have been moved to Annexes A to D.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and testing methods for standard letter mail trays, as specified in the classification below. The trays should be used to facilitate the exchange of international mail. The technical specification of the trays should be such that the performance requirements specified herein are met and tests specified herein successfully completed. The technical specifications of trays as such however, are beyond the scope of this standard.
This standard covers a one-size universal letter mail tray suitable for carrying C4, C5 and C6 mail:
Table 1 - Letters (maximum accepted sizes)
Height Width
C4 353 mm 250 mm
C5 173 mm 250 mm
C6 120 mm 250 mm
The trays are suitable for containing C4 mail stacked in a horizontal plane and for stacking C5 and C6 mail vertically.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and testing methods for standard letter mail trays, as specified in the classification below. The trays should be used to facilitate the exchange of international mail. The technical specification of the trays should be such that the performance requirements specified herein are met and tests specified herein successfully completed. The technical specifications of trays as such however, are beyond the scope of this standard.
This standard covers a one-size universal letter mail tray suitable for carrying C4, C5 and C6 mail:
Table 1 - Letters (maximum accepted sizes)
Height Width
C4 353 mm 250 mm
C5 173 mm 250 mm
C6 120 mm 250 mm
The trays are suitable for containing C4 mail stacked in a horizontal plane and for stacking C5 and C6 mail vertically.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Is applicable to bulk case packaging capable of containing surface mounting components. The bulk case is designed for transport and storage of components and the supply of components directly or by an appropriate feeder to the placement machine. The bulk case is attached to the automatic handling machine by means of a coupling interface
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This European Standard describes basic types and constructions of corrugated or solid fibreboard packagings. Folding cartons are not covered by this European Standard.
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This European Standard describes basic types and constructions of cartons in carton board. Styles of corrugated and solid board packaging are not covered by this EN standard.
NOTE Cartons are usually delivered by the carton manufacturer, to the user, in flat folded form (preglued) or as a flat blank.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes basic types and constructions of corrugated or solid fibreboard packagings. Folding cartons are not covered by this European Standard.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes basic types and constructions of cartons in carton board. Styles of corrugated and solid board packaging are not covered by this EN standard.
NOTE Cartons are usually delivered by the carton manufacturer, to the user, in flat folded form (preglued) or as a flat blank.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of the EN 13199 specifies the main characteristics and the testing of durable, re-usable parallelepipedic boxes and their accessories which form a bond stackable system designed to contain bulk or precisely located component loads up to a maximum useful load of 50 kg.
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This standard specifies the four main types of reusable rigid plastics distribution boxes for application in the fields of handling, transport, storage and display of food and non-food products in distribution systems from the point of manufacture to the point of retail services: These are: a) rigid parallelepipedic and rectangular boxes (stackable boxes) b) foldable boxes c) nestable boxes d) nestable and stackable boxes. These boxes are based on the modular area 600 mm x 400 mm and subdivisions or multiples of it.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies minimum performance requirements and methods of test for reusable rigid plastics transport packaging as specified in prEN 13117-1:1999. Special applications such as heavy loads, low or high operating temperatures will require an agreement to be made between the supplier and the user to supply a box to satisfy his requirements. Example: - Heavy loads, - Metal components, - Low temperatures below - 20°C, - High temperatures above + 30°C
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of EN 13199 specifies the essential characteristics and the common requirements and test methods for small load carrier systems used in the handling, transport and storage of non-food products. The application of such systems is described in Annex C. This Part of EN 13199 is to be read in conjunction with the particular Part which specifies the chosen system. This standard is based on performance requirements and thus does not include specific design features. However it includes essential requirements to allow for third-party assessment and certification of the products specified.
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This standard specifies the main characteristics and the testing of reusable durable parallelepipedic SLCs and their accessories which form a column stackable system designed to contain bulk or precisely located component loads up to maximum load of 20 kg.
Illustrations of functional features are given in Annex D (informative).
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of EN 13199 specifies the essential characteristics and the common requirements and test methods for small load carrier systems used in the handling, transport and storage of non-food products. The application of such systems is described in Annex C. This Part of EN 13199 is to be read in conjunction with the particular Part which specifies the chosen system. This standard is based on performance requirements and thus does not include specific design features. However it includes essential requirements to allow for third-party assessment and certification of the products specified.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of the EN 13199 specifies the main characteristics and the testing of durable, re-usable parallelepipedic boxes and their accessories which form a bond stackable system designed to contain bulk or precisely located component loads up to a maximum useful load of 50 kg.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies the main characteristics and the testing of reusable durable parallelepipedic SLCs and their accessories which form a column stackable system designed to contain bulk or precisely located component loads up to maximum load of 20 kg.
Illustrations of functional features are given in Annex D (informative).
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies minimum performance requirements and methods of test for reusable rigid plastics transport packaging as specified in prEN 13117-1:1999. Special applications such as heavy loads, low or high operating temperatures will require an agreement to be made between the supplier and the user to supply a box to satisfy his requirements. Example: - Heavy loads, - Metal components, - Low temperatures below - 20°C, - High temperatures above + 30°C
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies the four main types of reusable rigid plastics distribution boxes for application in the fields of handling, transport, storage and display of food and non-food products in distribution systems from the point of manufacture to the point of retail services: These are: a) rigid parallelepipedic and rectangular boxes (stackable boxes) b) foldable boxes c) nestable boxes d) nestable and stackable boxes. These boxes are based on the modular area 600 mm x 400 mm and subdivisions or multiples of it.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies the volumes and the characteristic dimensions of the packages. The dimensions of the packs are such that multiples of a unit volume of 750 ml are obtained. The respective volumes are expressed by symbols consisting of a letter and a whole number which, multiplied by 750 ml, corresponds to the nominal volume of the package.
The provision laid down in this standard shall apply to packages (cartons with or without a sleeve liner and drums), manufactured from cartonboard, solid fibreboard or corrugated fibreboard, designed alone or in combination for packaging washing and cleaning powders.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies the volumes and the characteristic dimensions of the packages. The dimensions of the packs are such that multiples of a unit volume of 750 ml are obtained. The respective volumes are expressed by symbols consisting of a letter and a whole number which, multiplied by 750 ml, corresponds to the nominal volume of the package.
The provision laid down in this standard shall apply to packages (cartons with or without a sleeve liner and drums), manufactured from cartonboard, solid fibreboard or corrugated fibreboard, designed alone or in combination for packaging washing and cleaning powders.
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describes the common dimensions, tolerances and characteristics of the tray. It includes only those dimensions which are essential for the handling of the trays for the stated purpose and for placing or removing components from the trays.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Intended to be used for storage of electronic components, for transport from the manufacturer to the customer and for in-house use in the manufacturing plant.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The standard defines the physical characteristics of a disposable container for letters and flats for exchange within Europe, to use a uniform postal container and to facilitate the exchange of letters within Europe. The dimensions of this "1 level" of container will constitute a first step of standardization. The following features will be defined: - inner dimension compatible with formats; - compatibility between trays and pallets dimensions; - rigidity; - impermeability; - closing; - sealing (optional); - positioning; - label's dimension; - number of cycle of use; - volume of folded containers.
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Describes the common dimensions, tolerances and characteristics of the tray. It includes only those dimensions which are essential for the handling of the trays for the stated purpose and for placing or removing components from the trays.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The bulk case is designed for transport and store components and to supply them directly or by an appropriate feeder to the placement machine. Is attached to the automatic handling machine by means of a coupling interface.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This guide contains guidelines and recommended procedures for use in the establishment of thermal processes necessary to produce commercially sterile foods packaged in hermetically sealed flexible containers. It applies to foods packaged in flexible containers that are sterilized by the application of heat from fluid heating media, particularly steam, air, water, their combinations, and their mixtures.
1.2 Specifically, this guide describes procedures for determining environmental conditions in the retort during thermal processing of foods in flexible containers and for determining heating and cooling characteristics of such products during processing. Procedures are described by which these data are used in the determination or evaluation, or both, of safe thermal processes for food packaged in flexible containers.
1.3 Limitations- This guide does not cover the theoretical and practical considerations that justify thermal processing as a means of rendering a packaged food product commercially sterile, nor does this guide describe methods by which thermal processes are verified or confirmed by biological methods, such as by inoculated pack and count reduction techniques.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The sections in this guide appear in the following sequence: Section Scope 1 Terminology 2 Summary of Guide 3 Significance and Use 4 Procedures: Temperature Measurement 5 Evaluation of Retort Performance 6 Process Time Determination by Heat Penetration 7 Tests Process Verification 8 Records of Temperature Distribution and Heat Pene- 9 tration Studies Retort Equipment Requirements X1 References
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Intended to be used for storage of electronic components, for transport from the manufacturer to the customer and for in-house use in the manufacturing plant.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Describes the common dimensions, tolerances and characteristics of the tray. It includes only those dimensions which are essential for the handling of the trays for the stated purpose and for placing or removing components from the trays.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day