07 - NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
ICS 07 Details
NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
MATHEMATIK. NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
MATHEMATIQUES. SCIENCES NATURELLES
NARAVOSLOVNE IN UPORABNE VEDE
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IEC TS 62607-6-27:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the key control characteristic
• field-effect mobility
for semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials by the
• field-effect transistor (FET) method.
For two-dimensional semiconducting materials, the field-effect mobility is determined by fabricating a FET test structure and measuring the transconductance in a four-terminal configuration.
- This method can be applied to layers of semiconducting two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe₂), tungsten disulfide (WS₂), and tungsten diselenide (WSe₂).
- The four-terminal configuration improves accuracy by eliminating parasitic effects from the probe contacts and cables
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62876-3-4:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized guideline to assess
• reliability of metallic interfaces
of Ohmic-contacted field-effect transistors (FETs) using 2D nano-materials by quantifying
• linearity of current-voltage (I-V) output curves
for devices with various materials combinations of van der Waals (vdW) interfaces.
For metallic interfaces with 2D materials (eg. graphene, MoS2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2, etc) and metals (eg. Ti, Cr, Au, Pd, In, Sb, etc), the reliability of Ohmic contact is quantified.
For FETs consisting of 2D materials-based channels (eg. MoS2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2, etc), the reliability of Ohmic contact when varying contacting metal, channel length, channel thickness, applied voltage, and surface treatment condition is quantified.
The reliability of the metallic contacts is quantified from the linearity of I-V characteristics measured over extended time periods.
- Technical specification24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies evaluation methods for determining the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) used in the FB-facilitated advanced oxidation for pollution abatement in the wastewater treatment process. The probe based kinetic model is applicable to systems that generate ROS in substantial quantities, rather than at physiological concentrations, and is applicable to short-lived ROS. However, it is not applicable to long-lived ROS, such as ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The probe based kinetic model method specifies: — cumulative concentration of different types of ROS during the reaction process; — concentration of different types of ROS at each time point during the reaction process. This method does not define the mechanisms of ROS generation, nor the correlation between bubble size and ROS production.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a mapping between the ISO/IEC 11179-34 metamodel for computable data registration and the IEEE 2791 standard for bioinformatics analyses generated by high-throughput sequencing (HTS), to facilitate the production of IEEE 2791 objects from instances of ISO/IEC 11179-34 metamodel and the registration of IEEE 2791 objects as computable data within an MDR conforming to ISO/IEC 11179-34. This document is applicable to those who are submitting data to organizations that require metadata submissions in IEEE 2791 compliant format, as well as those aiming to register IEEE 2791 objects into an MDR that conforms to ISO/IEC 11179-34.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62607-6-26:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the mechanical key control characteristics (KCCs)
• Young's modulus (or elastic modulus),
• residual strain,
• residual stress, and
• fracture stress
of 2D materials and nanoscale films using the
• bulge test.
The bulge test is a reliable method where a pressure differential is applied to a freestanding film, and the resulting deformation is measured to derive the mechanical properties.
• This method is applicable to a wide range of freestanding 2D materials, such as graphene, and nanometre-thick films with thicknesses typically ranging from 1 nm to several hundred nanometres.
• This document ensures the characterization of mechanical properties essential for assessing the structural integrity and performance of materials in applications such as composite additives, flexible electronics, and energy harvesting devices.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the biobanking of deep-sea biological material including the collection, processing, transportation and storage of deep-sea biological material. This document is applicable only to deep-sea biological material that can be used for biomolecular processing, e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. This document is applicable to all organizations performing research and development on deep-sea biological material. This document does not apply to the collection of deep-sea biological material intended for environmental impact assessment for sea floor mining. NOTE International, national or regional regulations or requirements or a multiple of these can also apply to specific topics covered in this document.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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IEC 60050-103:2009 gives the terminology relative to functions of one or more variables. Together with IEC 60050-102, it covers the mathematical terminology used in the fields of electricity, electronics and telecommunications. It maintains a clear distinction between mathematical concepts and physical concepts, even if some terms are used in both cases. Mathematical symbols are generally in accordance with IEC 60027-1 and ISO 80000-2. This standard cancels and replaces Sections 101-13, 101-14 and 101-15 of International Standard IEC 60050-101:1998.
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
- Standard153 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard141 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the specific requirements for class II BSC with respect to design, construction, safety and hygiene.
It sets the specific performance criteria for class II BSC for work with biological agents and specifies test procedures with respect to protection of the worker, the environment and product protection including cross-contamination.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives requirements and recommendations for installation, commissioning and routine testing of BSC.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements for BSC with respect to design, construction, safety and hygiene and gives general test methods for their verification.
The requirements for the different classes are given in the respective parts of EN 12469.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60050 gives the general mathematical terminology used in the fields of electricity, electronics and telecommunications, together with basic concepts in linear algebra. It maintains a clear distinction between mathematical concepts and physical concepts, even if some terms are used in both cases. Another part will deal with functions.
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
- Standard175 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard162 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for primary containers intended for the storage of biological materials in biobanks. In addition to general requirements, this document also specifies special requirements depending on the storage conditions, the biological material and the intended use, as well as requirements for documentation and quality control. These requirements establish the framework for ensuring that primary containers meet the necessary quality criteria. This document specifies test criteria and test methods that enable proof of conformity with the requirements. This document is primarily aimed at manufacturers that produce primary containers for the storage of biological materials. Biobanks, submitters and users of biological material, and organizations that monitor or control the work of biobanks can also use this document. NOTE For primary containers intended for biological material for therapeutic use, other requirements can apply.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies the minimum requirements for BSC with respect to design, construction, safety and hygiene and gives general test methods for their verification.
The requirements for the different classes are given in the respective parts of prEN 12469.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the specific requirements for class II BSC with respect to design, construction, safety and hygiene.
It sets the specific performance criteria for class II BSC for work with biological agents and specifies test procedures with respect to protection of the worker, the environment and product protection including cross-contamination.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives requirements and recommendations for installation, commissioning and routine testing of BSC.
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- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62607-6-23:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the key control characteristic (KCC):
• carrier mobility and sheet resistance
for graphene thin films by:
• Hall measurement.
The carrier mobility is derived by the product of the Hall coefficient and the electric conductivity and the sheet resistance is derived by the product of the longitudinal resistance and the aspect ratio of a Hall device.
• The method is applicable for graphene thin film Hall devices with length and width greater than 100 micrometers.
The document is developed to complete the fabrication and measurement of devices using cost-effective processes and equipment. Due to the high cost and low cost-performance ratio of photolithography processes and equipment, this document does not utilize photolithography processes and equipment.
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This International Standard specifies the evaluation methods for ROS in pollutant abatement through FB-facilitated advanced oxidation treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 62607-6-33:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the key control characteristic
• defect density (%, nm2)
of single layer graphene films by
• electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS in transmission electron microscopy (TEM)).
This document outlines a method for quantitative measurement of defects in graphene at the nanoscale.
The method specified in this document is applicable to single layer graphene acquired via chemical vapour deposition (CVD), roll-to-roll production and exfoliated graphene flakes to estimate the defect density.
In order to obtain reliable data, it is essential that the procedure is consistent for each specified condition from the preparation of the TEM specimen to its observation. It is essential to maintain the spatial resolution below 1 nm by alignment of the beam. The dispersion value, which covers the entire energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) region of the carbon-K edge and maintains the highest energy resolution corresponds to 0,1 eV/ch. Defects in graphene are determined by measuring the spectral differences between sp2 hybridized and sp2/sp3 hybridized atoms, which are obtained by calculating the amplitude ratio of the π* and σ* orbital spectra.
- Technical specification33 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method in terms of calibration error for radiosonde temperature sensors sampled from a batch of mass production, with varying temperature in laboratory setups at ground level pressure. This document elaborates on: a) the technical requirements for test chamber and reference thermometers as essential laboratory setups to evaluate the calibration errors of radiosonde temperature measurement; b) a test procedure including the installation of radiosondes in the test chamber, the operation of laboratory setups and the comparison between radiosonde and the temperature references for evaluating calibration errors of radiosonde temperature sensors for a temperature range of −85 °C1) to 50 °C at laboratory conditions; at c) a method for evaluating the uncertainties related to the references and the radiosonde sensors for the measured radiosonde temperature calibration error. NOTE Calibration error of radiosonde treated in this document forms only a part of the error in radiosonde sounding measurements. Regarding the errors involved in radiosonde temperature measurement on sounding, it is necessary to consider various errors as shown in Table 2 of Reference [ REF Reference_ref_14 \r \h 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310034000000 ]; this document provides only a partial evaluation in laboratory tests. 1) Currently, the lowest possible temperature of commercially-available test chambers is more or less −75 °C. The temperature range can be adjusted depending on the capability of the test chambers.
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This document specifies a method for the enumeration of intestinal enterococci in water, including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus casselifavus. The method is based on the growth of target organisms in a liquid medium and calculation of the “most probable number” (MPN) of microorganisms by reference to MPN tables or using suitable MPN informatic programs.
This method can be applied to drinking water and bathing water (fresh or marine), together with other similar water types including those containing an appreciable amount of suspended matter, and allows the detection of enterococci at 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) per 100 ml with definitive results within (26 ± 2) h in the presence of heterotrophic bacteria in numbers as high as 1 × 106 per 100 ml of sample.
For bathing waters, fresh and marine, enterococci are best enumerated when samples are diluted 1:10.
The test specified in this document relies upon the detection of intestinal enterococci based upon expression of the enzyme ß-D-glucosidase and provides a confirmed result in 24 h without further testing of positive wells.
This document does not apply to bottled waters, for which the method has not been validated and therefore is outside the scope of this document, unless appropriate validation of performance of this method has been undertaken by the laboratory prior to use.
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This document specifies methods for characterizing the chemical properties of powders or liquid dispersions containing graphene-related two-dimensional material (GR2M), using a set of suitable measurement techniques.
This document covers the determination of elemental composition, oxygen to carbon ratio, trace metal impurities, weight percentage of chemical species and functional groups present, by use of the following techniques:
— X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS);
— thermogravimetric analysis (TGA);
— inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS);
—Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
This document covers sample preparation, protocols and data analysis for the different techniques.
- Technical specification55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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This document:
— specifies a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of spatial plan information on land/water and elements below/on/above the surface of the Earth with 2D/3D/4D (3D + time) geometric representation;
— provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to:
— plan unit, i.e. the smallest homogenous area/space (2D/3D/4D) with assigned function/purpose, e.g. office, education, retail;
— plan block, i.e. a set of neighbouring plan units decided on by planning authorities, e.g. high-density residential area, nature area, heavy industry area;
— plan group unit, i.e. areas corresponding to the higher planning levels;
— plan group, i.e. hierarchy in spatial plans consisting of multiple plan blocks, e.g.:
— continent/regional-wide (e.g. European regions),
— country-wide (e.g. Indonesia, the Netherlands),
— island,
— state or region province,
— municipality or city, and
— urban or rural;
— permit, i.e. something that is granted to a party which gives the party permission to undertake an activity which would otherwise be restricted;
— defines terminology for spatial plan information as part of land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;
— provides a platform for comparison and monitoring of spatial planning information based on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators;
— provides an approach to modelling the integration of spatial plan information (outputs of spatial plans) into land administration;
— provides a basis for national and regional profiles;
— enables the combining of land-use planning and land development planning in land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner;
— allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing structure so that the sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. It reuses core LADM classes so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained;
— establishes the common elements and basic schema for spatial plan information upon which a more detailed schema can be established.
NOTE This document does not interfere with (national) and sub-national spatial planning laws.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62607-6-28:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes two standardized methods to determine the key control characteristic
• number of layers
for graphene layers by
• Raman spectroscopy.
This document presents two complementary methods for determining the number of layers in graphene-related products: Method A, which analyzes the lineshape of the 2D-peak in the Raman spectrum, and Method B, which measures the Raman intensity from the underlying silicon substrate. The two methods can be employed individually but combining both methods enhances accuracy and extends the detection range for the number of layers and stacking configurations.
- The method is intended to be used for graphene layers prepared by mechanical exfoliation, but also can be used with care for other high quality graphene layers, such as graphene layers prepared by chemical vapor deposition.
- The method can be used for graphene layers with AB and ABC stacking on a substrate. Its lateral size should be at least 2 µm.
- Method A is effective for AB stacked graphene up to 4 layers but becomes less reliable with more layers due to peak overlap.
- Method B can detect up to 10 layers in AB and ABC stacking but oxidized silicon substrate (SiO2 on silicon substrate) is required.
- The comparison of Method A and Method B can be found in Annex A.
- Technical specification31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms used for the different components of the forensic process from scene to courtroom (as illustrated in Figure A.1).
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations for the interpretation of observations to reach opinions that answer questions that are relevant for decision making in investigations or legal proceedings. This document states requirements that are applicable to all forensic disciplines. This document states requirements that apply when the opinion is based directly on human judgement and when the opinion is based on interpretation through a statistical model. This document is applicable to interpretation that occurs at a scene, within a facility, or within a judicial setting.
This document establishes requirements designed to safeguard the process for the interpretation of observations including the use of either statistical models or human judgement, to address alternative propositions based on the questions asked by the customer.
Interpretation is not necessary and the requirements of this document do not apply if the observations resulting from the analysis directly answer the relevant question.
EXAMPLE In analytical chemistry, substances are often identified or classified. Provided that the applied analytical methods are not limited in selectivity or sensitivity for the given question, the observations can lead to a direct statement of the name of the substance (identification) or a type of material (classification). This is not considered interpretation for the purposes of this document.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Within the context of training data for Earth Observation (EO) Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning (AI/ML), this document specifies a conceptual model that:
— establishes a UML model with a target of maximizing the interoperability and usability of EO imagery training data;
— specifies different AI/ML tasks and labels in EO in terms of supervised learning, including scene level, object level and pixel level tasks;
— describes the permanent identifier, version, licence, training data size, measurement or imagery used for annotation;
— specifies a description of quality (e.g. training data errors, training data representativeness, quality measures) and provenance (e.g. agents who perform the labelling, labelling procedure).
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This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations to safeguard the process for the analysis of items of potential forensic value. It includes requirements and recommendations for the selection and application of suitable method(s) for the analysis to meet the needs of the customer and fulfil the request.
The requirements are designed to ensure the use of suitable methods, proper controls, qualified personnel and appropriate analytical strategies throughout the forensic analysis of items.
This document is applicable to activities conducted by a forensic service provider that occur at the scene and within a facility. This document is applicable to all disciplines of forensic science; however, it is not applicable to the recovery of digital data which is covered by ISO/IEC 27037.
The requirements and recommendations facilitate the comprehensive, accurate and reliable analysis of items.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations for reporting of forensic work.
This document is applicable to the reporting of forensic work performed at a scene and within a facility. The requirements facilitate the preparation and issuing of reports that are accurate, clear, transparent, complete, unambiguous, impartial and suitable for their intended use.
This document also includes requirements relating to the review of case records and reports, the issuance and control of reports, and requirements related to testimony.
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The objective of this document is to analyse gaps in geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor or indoor navigation services.
This document:
a) specifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
b) outlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
d) highlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.
- Technical report23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document analyses a feasible way to accommodate interoperability elements for the data component of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and extend the meta model framework for interoperability (MFI) in securing interoperability among heterogeneous domain information models under the smart city context.
This document:
a) outlines the interoperability issues for city domain information models;
b) reviews relevant standards and best practices and examines methodologies or solutions to tackle the interoperability issues;
c) supposes a use case and provides an example to secure interoperability among different domain information models using model registry;
d) specifies technical requirements in concern about how to apply the interoperability elements of the meta model framework to support the interoperability of smart city services;
e) highlights the standardization items to be developed to secure interoperability.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document:
— defines a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of land registration (including elements above and below the surface of the Earth);
— provides an abstract, conceptual model with three packages and one sub-package related to:
— parties (people and organizations);
— basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRRs);
— spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks and other geometry) with a sub-package on surveying and spatial representation (geometry and topology);
— provides terminology for land administration (LA), based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;
— provides a platform for comparison and monitoring that is based on indicators;
— provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and
— enables the combination of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner.
The following is outside the scope of this document:
— interference with (national) land administration laws with potentially legal implications; and
— construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources, if available.
This document provides the concepts and the detailed structure for standardization in the land administration domain.
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This document specifies methods for characterizing the chemical properties of powders or liquid dispersions containing graphene-related two-dimensional material (GR2M), using a set of suitable measurement techniques.
This document covers the determination of elemental composition, oxygen to carbon ratio, trace metal impurities, weight percentage of chemical species and functional groups present, by use of the following techniques:
— X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS);
— thermogravimetric analysis (TGA);
— inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS);
—Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
This document covers sample preparation, protocols and data analysis for the different techniques.
- Technical specification55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for the restoration of rivers, including their channels, riparian zones and floodplains. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe permanently flowing and intermittent watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. Some aspects of landscape restoration beyond the boundaries of what are often considered typical river processes are also considered.
A clear framework of guiding principles to help inform the planning and implementation of river restoration work is provided. These principles are applicable to individuals and organizations wishing to restore rivers, and stress the importance of monitoring and appraisal. This document makes reference to existing techniques and guidance, where these are appropriate and within the scope of this document.
This document gives guidelines on:
- the core principles of restoration;
- aims and overall outcomes of river restoration;
- the spectrum of typical approaches to river restoration with a focus on those that are nature-based and restore both physical and ecological aspects;
- identifying opportunities for restoration and possible constraints, with a focus on physical and natural rather than socio-economic aspects;
- different scales of restoration and how restoration works across different catchments and landscapes;
- the importance of monitoring and appraising restoration work across the range of approaches and scales.
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This document specifies methods for characterizing the chemical properties of powders or liquid dispersions containing graphene-related two-dimensional material (GR2M), using a set of suitable measurement techniques. This document covers the determination of elemental composition, oxygen to carbon ratio, trace metal impurities, weight percentage of chemical species and functional groups present, by use of the following techniques: — X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); — thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); — inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); —Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This document covers sample preparation, protocols and data analysis for the different techniques.
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IEC TS 62607-6-35:2025, which is a Technical Specification, establishes standardized methods to determine the structural key control characteristics
• apparent density (da),
• tap density (dt), and
• compressed density (dc)
for graphene in powder form by
• free-pouring, tapping and compressing method.
- Technical specification28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off