ISO/TC 86/SC 6 - Testing and rating of air-conditioners and heat pumps

This document specifies methods for testing and characterizing the performance of air-to-air heat/energy exchangers when used as devices to transfer heat or heat and water vapor between two airstreams used in ventilation systems. It also specifies methods to characterize the performance of exchangers for use in calculation of the energy performance of buildings. This document is applicable to: — fixed-plate exchangers (also known as recuperators), — rotary exchangers, including heat wheels and total energy wheels (also known as regenerators), — heat pipe exchangers using a heat transfer medium, excluding those using mechanical pumping. This document does not provide a method for measuring the response of exchangers to the formation of frost.

1.1 This document establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made residential, commercial and industrial, electrically-driven, mechanical- compression type, water-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps. The requirements for testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. 1.2 Equipment may be designed for rating at one or several source and load side temperature conditions described in this document. 1.3 This document does not apply to the testing and rating of individual assemblies for separate use, nor to the testing and rating of heat pumps covered in ISO 5151, ISO 13253 or ISO 13256-1.

1.1 This document establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made residential, commercial and industrial, electrically-driven, mechanical- compression type, water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps. The requirements for testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. 1.2 Equipment designed for rating at one liquid temperature range under this document may not be suitable at all liquid temperature ranges covered in this document. 1.3 This document does not apply to the testing and rating of individual assemblies for separate use, nor to the testing and rating of heat pumps covered in ISO 5151, ISO 13253 or ISO 13256‑2.

The document specifies test conditions for determining the seasonal performance characteristics of air source heat pump water heaters for space heating with electrically driven compressors with or without supplementary heater. The purpose of this document is to rate performance of the heat pump water heaters for space heating with no operation of any supplementary heater. In the case of heat pump water heaters for space heating consisting of several parts with refrigerant or water connections, this document applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package. The seasonal coefficient of performance depends, inter alia, on the climate conditions and temperature regime of the space heating distribution network. This document defines: — three design conditions, each of them being characterized by a design temperature which represents the lowest temperature that can occur in that design condition; — three water temperature distribution regimes, namely "temperature application" in the text. The user of this document is free to determine the seasonal coefficient of performance for one or more of the defined design conditions and for one or more of the defined temperature applications. This document also provides a full description of three heating seasons that can be used with the associated design conditions.

This document specifies test conditions and test procedures for determining the performance characteristics of air source heat pump water heaters for space heating with electrically driven compressors with or without supplementary heater. The purpose of this document is to rate the performance of the heat pump water heaters for space heating with no operation of any supplementary heater. In the case of heat pump water heaters for space heating consisting of several parts with refrigerant or water connections, this document applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package. NOTE Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for hot water supply and space heating are not treated in this document. Simultaneous means that hot water supply and space heating generation occur at the same time and can interact.

This document provides guidance for practical applications of those principles in the measurement of the performance of ventilators falling under the scope of ISO 16494:2014. The references listed in the Bibliography give detailed information on the principles and theory of uncertainty as applied to measurements.

This document specifies test conditions and test procedures for determining the performance characteristics of air source heat pump water heaters for hot water supply with electrically driven compressors with or without supplementary electric heater and connected to or including only one hot water storage tank. Hot water storage tanks that are connected in series or parallel and behave hydronically as one single tank are considered as one hot water storage tank. In the case of heat pump water heaters consisting of several parts with refrigerant or water connections, this document applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package. NOTE This document is not applicable to testing procedures for simultaneous operation for hot water supply and space heating. "Simultaneous" means that hot water supply and space heating generation occur at the same time and may interact.

This document specifies the standard conditions for capacity and efficiency ratings of non-ducted portable air-cooled air conditioners having a single exhaust duct and non-ducted portable air-cooled heat pumps having a single exhaust duct. Such air conditioners and heat pumps may include an evaporatively cooled condenser cooled by air and the evaporation of: a) condensate collected from the evaporator; b) external supplementary water stored in a supplementary water tank; or c) both a) and b). This document also specifies the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings. This document applies to equipment that is factory-made, electrically driven and uses mechanical compression. This document is applicable to equipment utilizing one or more refrigeration systems. This document is not applicable to the rating and testing of the following: i) Water-source heat pumps or water-cooled air conditioners; ii) Multi-split-system air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps (see ISO 15042:2017 for the testing of such equipment); iii) Individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; iv) Equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle; v) Ducted equipment (see ISO 13253:2017 for the testing of such equipment); vi) Evaporative coolers or any other cooling systems that are not of the vapour compression type; vii) Dehumidifiers; viii) Spot coolers.

ISO 5151:2017 specifies performance testing, the standard conditions and the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings of air-cooled air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps. ISO 5151:2017 is applicable to the following equipment: - non-ducted air-cooled air conditioners and non-ducted air-to-air heat pumps; or - ducted air conditioners and/or ducted heat pumps rated at less than 8 kW and intended to operate at an external static pressure of less than 25 Pa. ISO 5151:2017 is limited to: - residential, commercial and industrial single-package and split-system air conditioners and heat pumps; - factory-made, electrically driven and use mechanical compression; - utilizing single, multiple and variable capacity components; - multiple split-system utilizing one or more refrigeration systems, one outdoor unit and one or more indoor units, controlled by a single thermostat/controller. The requirements of testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. ISO 5151:2017 is not applicable to the rating and testing of the following: a) water-source heat pumps or water cooled air conditioners; b) multi-split-system air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps (follow ISO 15042 for the testing of such equipment); c) mobile (windowless) units having a condenser exhaust duct; d) individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; e) equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle; f) ducted equipment except for those specified in this clause (follow ISO 13253 for the testing of such equipment). ISO 5151:2017 does not cover the determination of seasonal efficiencies, which can be required in some countries because they provide a better indication of efficiency under actual operating conditions. NOTE Throughout this document, the terms "equipment" and "systems" mean "air conditioners" and/or "heat pumps".

ISO 15042:2017 specifies the performance testing, the standard conditions and the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings of air-cooled air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps. ISO 15042:2017 is applicable to the following equipment: -― basic multi-split systems, modular multi-split systems and modular heat recovery multi-split systems. These multi-split systems include air-to-air systems with non-ducted and/or ducted indoor units with integral fans and indoor units supplied without fans. ISO 15042:2017 is limited to: - residential, commercial and industrial split-system air conditioners and heat pumps; - factory-made, electrically driven and use mechanical compression; - single- and multiple-circuit split-systems which utilize one or more compressors with no more than two steps of control of the outdoor unit; or - split-systems with a single refrigeration circuit which utilize one or more variable-speed compressors or alternative compressor combinations for varying the capacity of the system by three or more steps. These split-systems are designed to operate with a combination of one or more outdoor units and two or more indoor units designed for individual operation, and such modular systems are capable of transferring recovered heat from one or more indoor units to other units in the same system. The requirements of testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. ISO 15042:2017 is not applicable to the rating and testing of the following: a) water-cooled or water source equipment; b) mobile (single-duct) units having a condenser exhaust duct; c) individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; d) equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle. e) ducted air conditioners and/or ducted heat pumps, rated at less than 8 kW and intended to operate at external static pressures of less than 25 Pa, controlled by a single thermostat/controller (refer to ISO 5151); f) multiple split-system utilizing one or more refrigeration systems, one outdoor unit and one or more indoor units, controlled by a single thermostat/controller (refer to ISO 5151 or ISO 13253). ISO 15042:2017 does not cover the determination of seasonal efficiencies or seasonal part-load performances, which can be required in some countries because they provide a better indication of efficiency under actual operating conditions. NOTE Throughout this document, the terms "equipment" and "systems" mean "multi-split air conditioners" and/or "multi-split heat pumps".

ISO 13253:2017 specifies performance testing, the standard conditions and the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings of air-cooled, air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps. ISO 13253:2017 is applicable to the following equipment: - ducted air-cooled air conditioners and ducted air to air heat pumps. ISO 13253:2017 is limited to - residential, commercial and industrial single-package, and split-system air conditioners and heat pumps, - factory-made, electrically driven and use mechanical compression, - utilizing single, multiple and variable capacity components, and - multiple split-system utilizing one or more refrigeration systems, one outdoor unit and one or more indoor units, controlled by a single thermostat/controller. The requirements of testing and rating contained in this document are based on the use of matched assemblies. ISO 13253:2017 is not applicable to the rating and testing of the following: a) water-source heat pumps or water-cooled air-conditioners; b) multi-split-system air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps (see ISO 15042 for testing of such equipment); c) mobile (windowless) units having a condenser exhaust duct; d) individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; e) equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle; f) non-ducted equipment (see ISO 5151 for testing of such equipment); g) ducted air conditioners and/or ducted heat pumps, rated at less than 8 kW and intended to operate at external static pressures of less than 25 Pa, controlled by a single thermostat/controller (refer to ISO 5151). ISO 13253:2017 does not cover the determination of seasonal efficiencies, which can be required in some countries because they provide a better indication of efficiency under actual operating conditions. NOTE Throughout this document, the terms "equipment" and "systems" mean "air-conditioners" and/or "heat pumps".

ISO 16494:2014 prescribes a method of testing the ventilation and energy related performance of heat recovery ventilators (HRVs)and energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) that do not contain any supplemental heating (except for defrost), cooling, humidification or dehumidification components.

ISO 16345:2014 covers the measurement of the thermal performance and pumping head of open- and closed-circuit, mechanical draft, wet and wet/dry cooling towers and natural draft and fan-assisted natural draft, wet and wet/dry cooling towers. The standard rating boundaries for series mechanical draft, open- and closed-circuit cooling towers are specified. ISO 16345:2014 does not apply to the testing and rating of closed-circuit towers where the process fluid undergoes a change in phase as it passes through the heat exchanger or where the thermophysical properties of the process fluid are not available.

ISO 16358-2:2013 specifies the testing and calculating methods for seasonal performance factor of equipment covered by ISO 5151, ISO 13253 and ISO 15042. For the purposes of ISO 16358-2:2013, it is assumed that any make-up heating will be provided by electric heaters running concurrently with the heat pump. ISO 16358-2:2013 also specifies the seasonal performance test conditions and the corresponding test procedures for determining the seasonal performance factor of equipment, as specified above, under mandatory test conditions and is intended for use only in marking, comparison, and certification purposes. ISO 16358-2:2013 does not apply to the testing and rating of: water-source heat pumps or water-cooled air conditioners; portable units having a condenser exhaust duct; individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; or equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle.

ISO 16358-3:2013 specifies the testing and calculating methods for seasonal performance factor of equipment covered by ISO 5151, ISO 13253 and ISO 15042. ISO 16358-3:2013 also specifies the seasonal performance test conditions and the corresponding test procedures for determining the seasonal performance factor of equipment, as specified above, under mandatory test conditions and is intended for use only in marking, comparison, and certification purposes. ISO 16358-3:2013 does not apply to the testing and rating of: water-source heat pumps or water-cooled air conditioners; portable units having a condenser exhaust duct; individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; or equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle.

ISO 16358-1:2013 specifies the testing and calculating methods for seasonal performance factor of equipment covered by ISO 5151, ISO 13253 and ISO 15042. ISO 16358-1:2013 also specifies the seasonal performance test conditions and the corresponding test procedures for determining the seasonal performance factor of equipment, as specified above, under mandatory test conditions and is intended for use only in marking, comparison, and certification purposes. For the purposes of ISO 16358-1:2013, the rating conditions are those specified under T1 in the reference standards above. The procedures in ISO 16358-1:2013 may be used for other temperature conditions. ISO 16358-1:2013 does not apply to the testing and rating of: water-source heat pumps or water-cooled air conditioners; portable units having a condenser exhaust duct; individual assemblies not constituting a complete refrigeration system; or equipment using the absorption refrigeration cycle.

ISO/TS 16491:2012 gives guidance on the practical applications of the principles of performance measurement of air-cooled air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps as described in ISO 5151, ISO 13253, and ISO 15042.

ISO 15042:2011 establishes performance testing and rating criteria for factory-made residential, commercial and industrial, electrically-driven, mechanical-compression, air-cooled air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps, described as basic multi-split systems, modular multi-split systems and modular heat recovery multi-split systems. These multi-split systems include air-to-air systems with non-ducted and/or ducted indoor units with integral fans and indoor units supplied without fans. ISO 15042:2011 is limited to single and multiple circuit split-systems which utilize one or more compressors with no more than two steps of control of the outdoor unit. It is also limited to split-systems with a single refrigeration circuit which utilize one or more variable-speed compressors or alternative compressor combinations for varying the capacity of the system by three or more steps. These split-systems are designed to operate with a combination of one or more outdoor units and two or more indoor units designed for individual operation, and such modular systems that are capable of transferring recovered heat from one or more indoor units to other units in the same system.

ISO 13253:2011 specifies the standard conditions for capacity and efficiency ratings of ducted, air-cooled air-conditioners and ducted air-to-air heat pumps. ISO 13253:2011 is applicable to the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings. Residential, commercial, and industrial single-package and split-system air-conditioners and heat pumps are included. The equipment (taken to mean ducted air-conditioners and/or ducted heat pumps) shall be factory-made and electrically driven, and shall use mechanical compression. ISO 13253:2011 is applicable to equipment utilizing one or more refrigeration systems, one outdoor unit and one or more indoor units controlled by a single thermostat/controller. ISO 13253:2011 is applicable to equipment utilizing single-, multiple- and variable-capacity components.

ISO 5151:2010 specifies the standard conditions for capacity and efficiency ratings of non-ducted air-cooled air conditioners and non-ducted air to air heat pumps. It is applicable to ducted units rated at less than 8 kW and intended to operate at an external static pressure of less than 25 Pa. ISO 5151:2010 also specifies the test methods for determining the capacity and efficiency ratings.

Establishes performance testing and rating criteria for ducted air-conditioners using air- and water-cooled condensers and ducted air-to-air heat pumps. Is limited to systems which use a single refrigeration circuit and have one evaporator and one condenser.

Specifies the standard conditions on which the ratings of single-package and split-system non-ducted air conditioners employing air- and water-cooled condensers are based, and the test methods to be applied for determination of the various ratings. Is limited to systems utilizing a single refrigeration circuit and having one evaporator and one condenser. Also specifies the test conditions and the corresponding test procedures for determining various performance characteristics of these non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps.