ISO/TC 71 - Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete

This document specifies requirements for unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips as external-bonded reinforcements on the concrete substrate. This document is applicable for the CFRP strips that: — consist of carbon fibre and thermoset resin; — are manufactured by pultrusion method; — have a carbon fibre fraction over 60 % by volume; and — have a thickness within 3 mm. This document specifies the methodologies to express the mechanical properties as characteristic values, appearance and dimensions, and sampling test.

This document describes procedures for determining certain properties of aggregates for use in concrete for the determination of the loose or compacted bulk density, the determination of particle density and water absorption using the hydrostatic balance method and the determination of the particle mass-per-volume and water absorption using the Pycnometer method.

This document provides information to perform the design of the prestressed concrete box girder bridge for road that complies with the limitations established in 6.1. The rules of design as set forth in the document are simplifications of more elaborate requirements. Among several erection methods of box girder bridges, the provisions of this document are mainly applicable to full staging method (FSM). Designs and details for new road bridges address structural integrity by considering the following: — the use of continuity and redundancy to provide one or more alternate paths; — structural members and bearing seat widths that are resistant to damage or instability; and — external protection systems to minimize the effects of reasonably conceived severe loads.

This document provides information to perform the design of the prestressed concrete I-girder bridge for road that complies with the limitations established in 6.1. The rules of design set forth in this document are simplifications of more elaborate requirements. Designs and details for new road bridges address structural integrity by considering the following: — the use of continuity and redundancy to provide one or more alternate paths; — structural members and bearing seat widths that are resistant to damage or instability; and — external protection systems to minimize the effects of reasonably conceived severe loads.

This document specifies the principles and procedures to secure quality control of steel fibre-reinforced concretes (SFRC) during batching and mixing procedures to deliver to a purchaser with the ingredients uniformly mixed, and that can be sampled and tested at the point of delivery.

This document specifies the test methods for discrete polymer fibre for fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC). This document defines the test methods for discrete polymer fibre, such as diameter, length, tensile strength, initial modulus of elasticity, density, melting point, moisture content and alkaline durability as basic items. These are test methods intended for certification of a fibre and not for quality control or field acceptance.

This document provides requirements for seismic assessment and retrofit of concrete structures. It can be used to reduce the risk of seismic damage by structural collapse or turnover during a seismic event. This document provides the framework and principles of methods of detailed seismic assessment and the judgment, seismic retrofit plan and design, seismic retrofit execution of existing reinforced concrete structures before the occurrence of a severe earthquake and of the structures struck by an earthquake. It is an umbrella-type document with general provisions intended to provide wide latitude of choice in terms of comprehensive principle on the evaluation of the seismic damage/expected damage of existing reinforced concrete structures and repair/retrofit. Therefore, it is intended to be used in conjunction with sound engineering judgment. This document is applicable to reinforced concrete structures and pre-stressed concrete structures that have been designed on the basis of the structural design criteria set in a specific country or region. It is not applicable to unreinforced concrete and masonry structures.

This document provides the principles for implementing life cycle management (LCM) of concrete structures throughout the stages of planning, design, execution, use and end-of-life, as well as the framework and procedures for LCM. This document is applicable not only to new structures but also existing structures. It is also applicable to the entire life cycle and each one or more stages composing the life cycle of a structure. NOTE Details in the procedures and specific methodologies for management in each stage of structure's life cycle based on this document is established separately.

The present document refers to the panel-to-structure and panel-to panel connections used for the cladding systems of reinforced concrete frame structures of single-storey buildings, typically precast. They can be used also for multi-storey buildings with proper modifications. The fastening devices considered in the present document consist mainly of steel elements or sliding connectors. Dissipative devices with friction or plastic behaviour are also considered. Other types of common supports and bond connections are treated where needed. The use of any other existing fastening types or the connections with different characteristics than those described in the following clauses is not allowed unless comparable experimental and analytical studies do provide the necessary data and verify the design methodology for the particular type.

This document specifies requirements for the properties for silica fume, siliceous fly ash and ground granulated blastfurnace slag for use as a type II addition for production of concrete conforming to ISO 22965. Additions according to this document can also be used in mortars and grouts. This document applies to the silica fume which is a by-product of the smelting process used to produce silicon metal and ferro-silicon alloys. Fly ash produced with other types or higher percentages of co-combustion materials than those provided for in this document is outside the scope of this document. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag containing any added materials other than grinding aids and/or gypsum (calcium sulfate) is not within the scope of this document. It is not within the scope of this document to specify provisions for the practical application of additions in the production of concrete, mortar or grout, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing, etc. NOTE Some rules are given in ISO 22965‑2, e.g. provisions on general suitability and use of additions. Guidance on batching, control of additions content and the use of the k-value concept are also given in ISO 22965‑2.

This document provides a guideline for the selection of a proper grout material to repair water leakage through cracks and other deformities in concrete structures. The factors relevant to the quality control of maintenance and repair of water-leakage cracks are as the following; a) conditions of water-leakage cracks; b) performance requirements for repair materials; c) different types of repair materials (grouts); d) procedures followed to select the appropriate repair materials; e) execution of different types of repair methods; f) performance assessments of applied materials and methods; g) data collection. This document does not include any details on the repair of dry cracks and the causes of cracks. The details on dry crack repair are covered in ISO 16311-4. A flow chart for maintenance of water-leakage cracks is shown in Figure 1.

This document provides general principles for the verification and assessment of the performance of concrete structures with the applications of different fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems varying from internal FRP reinforcements/tendons, external FRP tendons, externally bonded FRP sheets/plates, to near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement. It can be used for the international harmonization of the design of un-reinforced, conventionally reinforced, and pre-stressed concrete structures with the use of the above-mentioned FRP systems.

This document specifies procedures for testing the strength of hardened concrete.

This document gives the determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV) of aggregates. This gives a relative measure of the resistance of the aggregate crushing under the gradually applied compressive load. The method is applicable to aggregates passing a 14,0 mm test sieve and retained on a 10,0 mm test sieve. For other size fractions, a recommended method is described in Annex A. The aggregate size fraction taken for this test can also be as per the relevant national standards. NOTE Minor variations in grading divisions can be allowed in respective national standards. The method is not suitable for testing aggregates with an aggregate crushing value higher than 30. In such cases, the method described in ISO 20290-4 is applicable.

This document specifies the shape and dimensions of concrete test specimens for strength tests and the methods of making and curing these test specimens.

This document describes the Los Angeles test, for determining the resistance to fragmentation of coarse aggregates.

This document gives the test method for determination of ten percent fines value (TFV) of aggregates. This method gives a relative measure of the resistance of the aggregate crushing under the gradually applied compressive load. It covers two sets of procedures: — the first procedure is applicable for aggregates tested in dry condition; and — the second procedure is applicable for aggregates tested in a soaked condition. NOTE 1 Generally, the test can be done under dry conditions. However, the engineer in charge can choose to test them in soaked condition, if necessary. The method is applicable to aggregates of different strengths covering both weak and strong aggregates. It is applicable to standards aggregates, i.e. passing a 14,0 mm test sieve and retained on 10,0 mm test sieve. National standards can also exist for the aggregate size fraction to be taken for this test. In case this definite size fraction is not available, the test can be made on other sizes, given in Annex A. The comparison of results of non-standard sizes with standard size aggregates is not possible due to lack of available data. NOTE 2 Minor variations in grading divisions can be allowed in respective national standards.

This document covers the method for determining the setting time of concrete with slump greater than zero, by testing mortar sieved from the concrete mixture. The initial setting time and the final setting time are the time intervals required for the mortar sieved from the concrete mixture to reach the specified values of penetration resistance after the initial contact of cement and water. The method can be used for determining the effect of variables such as temperature, type and content of cement, concrete mix proportions and admixtures, on the time of setting and hardening characteristics of concrete. This test method is applicable under controlled laboratory conditions, as well as under field conditions.

This document refers to connections in precast frame systems, either for single-storey or multi-storey buildings. The connections for all orders of joints are considered. Large wall panel and three-dimensional cell systems are not considered. According to the position in the overall construction and of the consequent different structural functions, the seven following orders of joints are considered: a) mutual joints between floor or roof elements (floor-to-floor) that, in the seismic behaviour of the structural system, concern the diaphragm action of the floor; b) joints between floor or roof elements and supporting beams (floor-to-beam) that give the peripheral constraints to the floor diaphragm in its seismic behaviour; c) joints between beam and column (beam-to-column) that ensure in any direction the required degree of restraint in the frame system; d) joints between column segments (column-to-column) used for multi-storey buildings usually for dual wall braced systems; e) joints between column and foundation (column-to-foundation), able to ensure in any plane a fixed full support of the column; f) fastenings of cladding panels to the structure (panel-to-structure) that ensure the stability of the panels under the high forces or the large drifts expected under seismic action; g) joints between adjacent cladding panels (panel-to-panel) possibly used to increase the stiffness of the peripheral wall system and provide an additional source of energy dissipation. Simple bearings working by gravity load friction are not considered. Sliding and elastic deformable supporting devices neither, being all these types of connections not suitable for the transmission of seismic actions. The document provides formulae for the strength design of a large number of joint typologies.

This document specifies a method for taking cores from hardened concrete, their examination, preparation for testing and determination of compressive strength. This document does not give guidance on the decision to drill cores or on the locations for drilling and does not provide procedures for interpreting the core strength results. It is recommended that before coring, full agreement should be reached by all parties on the need for core testing and how the results should be interpreted.

This document provides the principles and procedures of environmental management for maintenance/remedial activities of concrete structures, and environmental management during the operation of concrete structures. When the environmental design of a concrete structure is to be carried out based on ISO 13315‑4, this document provides detailed information on the design for its use stage.

This document applies to reinforced concrete building consisting of load bearing walls of reinforced concrete buildings [such buildings are called reinforced concrete box-shaped wall buildings and (RC wall building)] or to the part of RC wall building which uses both this and other types of structure. This document applies to RC wall building as follows: — RC wall building with 5 or fewer aboveground storeys; — eaves height of 16 m or less; — storey height on each storey of 3 m or less; — on the top storey, the storey height can be 3,3 m or less; — if the roof has a slope, the sum of the storey height of the top storey and the height from the eaves to the ridge of 4 m or less. Deep foundations, such as piles and caissons, and their pile footings and caps, are beyond the scope of this document, and are not covered by it.

This document specifies test methods applicable to unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips as external-bonded reinforcements on the concrete substrate. This document is applicable for the CFRP strips that: — consist of carbon fibre and thermoset resin; — are manufactured by pultrusion method; — have a higher carbon fibre fraction such as over 60 %; and — have a thickness within 3 mm. Also, the test pieces for determining tensile properties are cut down from CFRP strips along the CFRP strips axis, and have bonded anchorage block at the both ends.

This document specifies the test method for obtaining bending moment-curvature curves of fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs) through four-point bending test of prism specimens. It is applicable to FRCCs that show separated multiple cracks under pure bending before maximum load.

This document provides a general principle, procedures and requirements for environmental labels and declarations for concrete and concrete structures. It is used for the environmental labels and declarations for concrete constituents, reinforcement, concrete, concrete products and concrete structures. NOTE This document contains more specific requirements for environmental labels and declarations for concrete and concrete structures, based on ISO 14020, ISO 14024, ISO 14025 and ISO 21930. This document includes the following phases of concrete and concrete structures: — production phase of concrete constituents, concrete and concrete products; — execution phase of concrete structures; — use phase of concrete structures; and — end-of-life phase. This document applies to the partial life cycle (certain phases of the life cycle) or the entire life cycle of concrete and concrete structures. It applies to new concrete and concrete structures as well as to existing concrete and concrete structures.

This document specifies a test method for evaluating flexural performance of fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs) using derived parameters. These parameters are derived from the load-deflection curve obtained by testing a circular specimen supported on a concentric ring and loaded by another ring with a smaller diameter. The performance of FRCCs tested by this method is characterized for biaxial properties. This test method provides for the determination of first-cracking load and the corresponding stress. It also provides for the determination of specimen toughness based on the area under the load-deflection curve up to the deflections at the first-cracking and peak loads. For determining the toughness value, this test method is intended primarily for use with FRCCs that exhibit deflection hardening behaviour. This test method is not intended for materials that exhibit deflection-softening behaviour.

This document specifies procedures for testing fresh self-compacting concrete. It specifies the following test methods: determination of consistence (slump flow test), V funnel test, L box test, sieve segregation test, J-ring test and self-compactability test.

This document specifies methods for testing the density and depth of water penetration of hardened concrete.

This document provides guidelines for the planning, design and construction of a cylindrical tank constructed on the ground with prestressed concrete (PC) for use with potable water tank. This document is applicable to PC tanks for potable water with a capacity of 30 000 m3 or less and the diameter-to-height ratio (D/H) from 1,0 to 3,0. NOTE When designing and constructing a tank not covered by this document (reinforced concrete tanks, underground tanks, elevated tanks, etc.), a designer can refer to this document for common elements where possible.

This document specifies a procedure for testing the density and void content of freshly mixed and hardened pervious concrete specimens for pavement in the laboratory or cored from field placements. This document also specifies formulae for calculating the density and void content of pervious concrete.

ISO 19596 specifies definitions and requirements for admixtures for use in concrete in accordance with ISO 22965. ISO 19596 does not specify provisions governing the practical application of admixtures in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing, etc. of concrete containing admixtures.

ISO 19595:2017 specifies the properties and requirements of aggregates obtained by processing natural materials and mixtures of these aggregates for use in concrete. It is applicable to aggregates with an oven-dried particle density greater than 2,00 Mg/m3 (2 000 kg/m3) in accordance with ISO 22965 (all parts). ISO 19595:2017 incorporates a general requirement that natural aggregates are not intended to release any harmful substances in excess of the maximum permitted levels specified for the material or permitted in the national regulations of the place in use. National provisions, preferably given in a national annex or a project specification, can specify additional or deviating requirements. NOTE Requirements for the end use of aggregates in concrete are specified in ISO 22965 (all parts).

ISO/TS 16774-1:2017 specifies a laboratory test method for evaluating the thermal stress resistance of water-leakage crack repair materials through permeability testing. The repair material injected into a test specimen with an artificial crack is thermally stressed under the applied temperature conditions outlined in different national testing parameters that reflect different environmental conditions. As such, the results are only intended to provide a comparative performance evaluation of the waterproofing repair materials between different products of the same type of repair material. ISO/TS 16774-1:2017 outlines general guidelines and procedures for the test method. Specific variables that control the quantifiable parameters of the testing are filled in using relevant national standardizations and/or testing parameters.

ISO/TS 16774-6:2017 specifies a laboratory test method for evaluating the substrate (crack) movement response of water-leakage crack repair materials through permeability testing. The repair material injected into a test specimen with an artificial crack undergoes simulated movements normally caused by thermal expansion, settlement and vibrations in leakage cracks found in concrete structures under the applied conditions outlined in different national testing parameters that reflect different environmental conditions. As such, the results are only intended to provide a comparative performance evaluation of the waterproofing repair materials between different products of the same type of repair material. ISO/TS 16774-6:2017 outlines general guidelines and procedures for the test method. Specific variables that control the quantifiable parameters of the testing are filled in using relevant national standardizations and/or testing parameters.

ISO/TS 16774-5:2017 specifies a laboratory test method for evaluating watertightness of water-leakage crack repair materials through permeability testing. These permeability test procedures follow applied conditions outlined in different national testing parameters and requirements. As such, the results are only intended to provide a comparative performance evaluation of the waterproofing repair materials between different products of the same type of repair material. ISO/TS 16774-5:2017 outlines general guidelines and procedures for the test method. Specific variables that control the quantifiable parameters of the testing are filled in using relevant national standardizations and/or testing parameters.

ISO 13315-4:2017 provides the general framework, principles and requirements for carrying out an environmental design of concrete structures, based on a lifecycle assessment (LCA) method or other appropriate methods. ISO 13315-4:2017 is applicable to single concrete structures, as well as concrete structure complexes.

ISO 15673:2016 provides guidelines for the design and construction of low-rise concrete building structures of small area to be built in the less developed areas of the world. ISO 15673:2016 is applicable to the planning, design and construction of structural reinforced concrete structures to be used in new low-rise buildings of restricted occupancy, number of stories, and area. ISO 15673:2016 can be used as an alternative to the development of a National Concrete Building Code, or equivalent document in countries where no national design codes are available by themselves, or as an alternative to the National Concrete Building Code in countries where specifically considered and accepted by the national standard body or other appropriate regulatory organization.

ISO 1920-2:2016 specifies procedures for testing fresh concrete. It specifies the following test methods: determination of consistence (slump test, Vebe test, degree of compactability, flow-table test for high‑fluidity concrete, and the slump-flow test), determination of fresh density and determination of air content by the pressure-gauge method and by the water-column method.

ISO 19044:2016 specifies the test method for the load-displacement curves of fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) by three-point loading of notched prisms. The main purpose of this test is to evaluate the tension softening curve of FRCC.

ISO/TS 16774-3:2016 specifies a laboratory test method on the quantitative determination of repair material's performance and resistance against erosion and wash out due to underground water flow.

ISO/TS 17774-2:2016 specifies a laboratory test method for the qualitative determination of the retention level of chemical resistance of repair materials in repaired cracks of concrete structures in conditions where the material is either underwater or in contact with water that may have various chemical components present.

ISO/TS 16774:2016 specifies a laboratory test method for indirectly measuring the adhesion performance of repair material to wet concrete crack surfaces by qualitatively, as a pass/fail at predetermined time, against predetermined amount of weight exerted on the repair material adhesion. NOTE ISO/TS 16774-4:2016 classifies and categorizes materials that are tested into families of similar properties for the purpose of making relative comparisons with the data results.

ISO 17785-1:2016 specifies the procedure for testing the infiltration rate of hardened pervious concrete pavement specimens in the laboratory. It is not a method for measuring the permeability of pervious concrete. The specimens can either be prepared in the laboratory or cored from field placements, but not representing field conditions. This part of ISO 17785 also specifies procedures to make and cure hardened pervious concrete samples in the laboratory.

This procedure specified in ISO 1920-12:2015 is a method for evaluating the carbonation resistance of concrete using an accelerated carbonation test. After a period of preconditioning, the test is carried out under controlled exposure conditions using an increased level of carbon dioxide to which, the vertical sides of the specimen are exposed. The test results are not designated to set performance requirements but to compare the carbonation resistance of different concretes of the same strength class, which are used in the same environmental conditions.

ISO 18319:2015 specifies requirements for fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for upgrading of concrete members. The methodologies to express the mechanical properties as characteristic values, appearance and dimensions, and sampling test are specified in this International Standard. The properties for design are calculated from the characteristic values, as prescribed in an appropriate design code which is in accordance with ISO 14484. The fibre orientation of the FRP sheets covered by this International Standard is unidirectional.

ISO 10406-2:2015 specifies test methods applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for the upgrading of concrete members.

ISO 10406-1:2014 specifies test methods applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and grids as reinforcements or pre-stressing tendons in concrete.

ISO 19338:2014 provides performance and assessment requirements for design standards of structural concrete. It can be used for international harmonization of design and construction requirements. ISO 19338:2014 includes requirements, which define the required structural concrete performance; criteria, which give means for expressing the requirements; and assessment clauses, which give acceptable methods of verifying the specific criteria.

ISO 13315-2:2014 provides a general framework, principles, and requirements related to the determination of system boundaries and the acquisition of inventory data necessary for conducting a life cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete, precast concrete, and concrete structures.

ISO 16311-1:2014 presents the framework and general principles for maintenance and repair of all kinds of existing concrete structures ? un-reinforced and reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and steel-concrete composite structures, or their structural members. ISO 16311-1:2014 , deterioration is clearly distinguished from damage occurring in a short period and not developing over subsequent time, such as cracking and scaling due to earthquakes or impact loading, etc. Deterioration is mainly dealt with as a target for the maintenance activities. ISO 16311-1:2014 also provides the basic concept of repair and preventions carried out to restore structural performance of existing structures. ISO 16311-1:2014 does not cover those aspects of maintenance and repair that are related to serviceability and esthetics without direct impact on durability and service life, e.g. cleaning of drains, removal of vegetation, refreshment of paint, etc. Neither does it cover repair of defects during execution of new structures.