IEC 60079-1:2014

IEC 60079-1 ®
Edition 7.0 2014-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Explosive atmospheres –
Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d"

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IEC 60079-1 ®
Edition 7.0 2014-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Explosive atmospheres –
Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d"

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.260.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1850-1

 IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60079-1
Edition 7.0  2014-06
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –
Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d"

INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 31: Equipment for
explosive atmospheres.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
DISH Report on voting
31/1536/DISH 31/1542/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

___________
flameproof enclosures "d"
Question 1:
The requirements given in 13.1 of IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) restrict threaded entries for
flameproof enclosures to only metric and NPT. Does this restriction represent a major
technical change between IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) and IEC 60079-1:2007 (Edition 6)?
Answer 1:
Yes, the restriction to only metric and NPT regarding threaded entries for flameproof
enclosures does represent a major technical change between IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7)
and IEC 60079-1:2007 (Edition 6). The requirements given in Clause 13 of IEC 60079-1:2007
(Edition 6) had no such normative restriction, with reference to metric and NPT only as
examples of threaded entries for flameproof enclosures.
ICS 29.260.20
– 2 – IEC 60079-1:2014/ISH1:2020
 IEC 2020
While IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) only permits the use of metric and NPT threads for entry
into flameproof enclosures, cable glands/conduit entry devices, thread adapters and blanking
elements are permitted to use other thread forms (see Annex C of IEC 60079-1:2014
(Edition 7)).
NOTE 1 The intention of the restriction to only metric and NPT regarding threaded entries for flameproof
enclosures is to minimize the mismatch of thread forms in enclosure entries.
NOTE 2 In the Foreword of IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7), the table detailing the significance of the changes
between IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) and IEC 60079-1:2007 (Edition 6) mistakenly did not identify this metric and
NPT restriction as a major technical change. Unfortunately, the IEC Directives do not permit a corrigendum to be
issued to correct errors in non-normative text such as the table detailing the significance of changes.
Question 2:
Where a thread adapter is fitted and assessed as a factory-assembled part of the flameproof
enclosure, what are the permitted thread forms?
Answer 2:
A thread adapter may use thread forms other than metric and NPT, whether as an Ex
Equipment thread adapter or as a thread adapter fitted and assessed as a factory-assembled
part of the flameproof enclosure (see Annex C of IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7)).
Question 3:
Can a blanking element be installed in a thread adapter which is fitted and assessed as a
factory-assembled part of the flameproof enclosure?
Answer 3:
Yes, the requirements given in Clause 13 of IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) regarding thread
adapters are for separately certified Ex equipment thread adapters, not those fitted and
assessed as a factory-assembled part of the flameproof enclosure.
Question 4:
What is the required marking when a thread adapter is fitted and assessed as a factory-
assembled part of the flameproof enclosure?
Answer 4:
Clause 13 of IEC 60079-1:2014 (Edition 7) requires identification of the specific thread type
and size of threaded entries into flameproof enclosures. In the case where the thread adapter
is fitted and assessed as a factory-assembled part of the flameproof enclosure, the
requirement for identification applies to the thread form of the adapter for the field wiring
connection.
– 2 – IEC 60079-1:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 2
FOREWORD . 8

1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references. 16
3 Terms and definitions . 17
4 Level of protection (equipment protection level, EPL) . 20
4.1 General . 20
4.2 Requirements for level of protection “da” . 20
4.3 Requirements for level of protection “db” . 20
4.4 Requirements for level of protection “dc” . 20
4.4.1 General . 20
4.4.2 Construction of “dc” devices . 21
4.4.3 Tests for “dc” devices . 21
5 Flameproof joints . 21
5.1 General requirements . 21
5.2 Non-threaded joints . 22
5.2.1 Width of joints (L) . 22
5.2.2 Gap (i) . 23
5.2.3 Spigot joints . 23
5.2.4 Holes in joint surfaces . 24
5.2.5 Conical joints . 26
5.2.6 Joints with partial cylindrical surfaces (not permitted for Group IIC) . 26
5.2.7 Flanged joints for acetylene atmospheres . 27
5.2.8 Serrated joints . 27
5.2.9 Multi-step joints. 28
5.3 Threaded joints . 30
5.4 Gaskets (including O-rings) . 31
5.5 Equipment using capillaries . 33
6 Sealed joints . 33
6.1 Cemented joints . 33
6.1.1 General . 33
6.1.2 Mechanical strength . 33
6.1.3 Width of cemented joints . 34
6.2 Fused glass joints . 34
6.2.1 General . 34
6.2.2 Width of fused glass joints . 34
7 Operating rods . 35
8 Supplementary requirements for shafts and bearings . 35
8.1 Joints of shafts . 35
8.1.1 General . 35
8.1.2 Cylindrical joints. 35
8.1.3 Labyrinth joints . 35
8.1.4 Joints with floating glands . 35

8.2 Bearings . 37
8.2.1 Sleeve bearings . 37
8.2.2 Rolling-element bearings . 37
9 Light-transmitting parts . 37
10 Breathing and draining devices which form part of a flameproof enclosure . 38
10.1 General . 38
10.2 Openings for breathing or draining . 38
10.3 Composition limits . 38
10.4 Dimensions . 38
10.5 Elements with measurable paths . 38
10.6 Elements with non-measurable paths . 38
10.7 Removable devices . 39
10.7.1 General . 39
10.7.2 Mounting arrangements of the elements . 39
10.8 Mechanical strength . 39
10.9 Breathing devices and draining devices when used as Ex components . 39
10.9.1 General . 39
10.9.2 Mounting arrangements of the elements and components . 39
10.9.3 Type tests for breathing and draining devices used as Ex components . 40
10.9.4 Ex component certificate . 43
11 Fasteners, associated holes and blanking elements and openings . 43
12 Materials and mechanical strength of enclosures – Materials inside the enclosures . 46
13 Entries for flameproof enclosures . 47
13.1 General . 47
13.2 Threaded holes . 47
13.3 Non-threaded holes (for Group I only) . 47
13.4 Cable glands . 48
13.5 Conduit sealing devices . 48
13.6 Plugs and sockets and cable couplers . 49
13.7 Bushings . 50
13.8 Blanking elements . 50
14 Verification and tests . 50
15 Type tests . 51
15.1 General . 51
15.2 Tests of ability of the enclosure to withstand pressure . 52
15.2.1 General . 52
15.2.2 Determination of explosion pressure (reference pressure) . 52
15.2.3 Overpressure test . 55
15.3 Test for non-transmission of an internal ignition . 56
15.3.1 General . 56
15.3.2 Electrical equipment of Groups I, IIA and IIB . 58
15.3.3 Electrical equipment of Group lIC . 59
15.4 Tests of flameproof enclosures with breathing and draining devices . 61
15.4.1 General . 61
15.4.2 Tests of ability of the enclosure to withstand pressure . 61
15.4.3 Thermal tests . 61
15.4.4 Test for non-transmission of an internal ignition . 62

– 4 – IEC 60079-1:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
15.5 Tests for “dc” devices . 63
15.5.1 General . 63
15.5.2 Preparation of “dc” samples . 63
15.5.3 Test conditions for “dc” devices . 63
16 Routine tests . 63
16.1 General . 63
16.2 Enclosures not incorporating a welded construction . 64
16.3 Enclosures incorporating a welded construction . 65
16.4 Bushings not specific to one flameproof enclosure . 65
16.5 Acceptance criteria . 65
16.6 Batch testing . 65
17 Switchgear for Group I . 65
17.1 General . 65
17.2 Means of isolation . 66
17.2.1 General . 66
17.3 Doors or covers . 66
17.3.1 Quick-acting doors or covers . 66
17.3.2 Doors or covers fixed by screws . 66
17.3.3 Threaded doors or covers . 66
18 Lampholders and Iamp caps . 67
18.1 General . 67
18.2 Device preventing lamps working loose . 67
18.3 Holders and caps for lamps with cylindrical caps . 67
18.4 Holders for lamps with threaded caps . 67
19 Non-metallic enclosures and non-metallic parts of enclosures . 67
19.1 General . 67
19.2 Resistance to tracking and creepage distances on internal surfaces of the
enclosure walls . 68
19.3 Supplementary Requirements for type tests . 68
19.4 Test of erosion by flame . 68
20 Marking . 69
20.1 General . 69
20.2 Caution and warning markings . 69
20.3 Informative markings . 70
21 Instructions. 70

Annex A (normative)  Additional requirements for crimped ribbon elements and
multiple screen elements of breathing and draining devices . 71
Annex B (normative) Additional requirements for elements, with non-measurable
paths of breathing and draining devices . 72
B.1 Sintered metal elements . 72
B.2 Pressed metal wire elements . 72
B.3 Metal foam elements . 73
Annex C (normative) Additional requirements for flameproof entry devices . 74
C.1 General . 74
C.2 Constructional requirements . 74
C.2.1 Sealing methods . 74
C.2.2 Threads Flameproof joints . 75

C.2.3 Constructional requirements for Ex blanking elements . 76
C.2.4 Constructional requirements for Ex thread adapters . 78
C.3 Type tests . 78
C.3.1 Sealing test . 78
C.3.2 Test of mechanical strength . 79
C.3.3 Type tests for Ex blanking elements . 80
C.3.4 Type tests for Ex thread adapters . 81
Annex D (normative) Empty flameproof enclosures as Ex components . 83
D.1 General . 83
D.2 Introductory remarks . 83
D.3 Ex component enclosure requirements . 83
D.4 Utilization of an Ex component enclosure certificate to prepare an equipment
certificate . 85
D.4.1 Procedure . 85
D.4.2 Application of the schedule of limitations . 85
Annex E (normative) Cells and batteries used in flameproof “d” enclosures . 86
E.1 Introductory remarks . 86
E.2 Acceptable electrochemical systems . 86
E.3 General requirements for cells (or batteries) inside flameproof enclosures . 87
E.4 Arrangement of safety devices. 87
E.4.1 Prevention of excessive temperature and cell damage . 87
E.4.2 Prevention of cell polarity reversal or reverse charging by another cell
in the same battery . 88
E.4.3 Prevention of inadvertent charging of a battery by other voltage sources
in the enclosure . 89
E.5 Recharging of secondary cells inside flameproof enclosures . 89
E.6 Rating of protection diodes and reliability of protection devices . 90
Annex F (informative) Mechanical properties for screws and nuts . 91
Annex G (normative) Additional requirements for flameproof enclosures with an
internal source of release (containment system) . 97
G.1 General . 97
G.2 Release conditions . 97
G.2.1 No release . 97
G.2.2 Limited release of a gas or vapour . 98
G.2.3 Limited release of a liquid . 98
G.3 Design requirements for the containment system . 98
G.3.1 General design requirements . 98
G.3.2 Infallible containment system . 98
G.3.3 Containment system with a limited release . 99
G.4 Type tests for the containment system . 99
G.4.1 Overpressure test . 99
G.4.2 Leakage test for an infallible containment system . 99
G.4.3 Leakage test for a containment system with a limited release . 100
Annex H (normative) Requirements for machines with flameproof “d” enclosures fed
from converters . 101
H.1 General . 101
H.2 Construction requirements for bearings . 101
H.3 Temperature requirements . 101

– 6 – IEC 60079-1:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
Bibliography . 102

Figure 1 – Example of construction for indirect checking of a flanged Group I
flameproof joint . 23
Figure 2 – Spigot joints . 24
Figure 3 – Holes in surfaces of flanged joints, example 1 . 25
Figure 4 – Holes in surfaces of flanged joints, example 2 . 25
Figure 5 – Holes in surfaces of flanged joints, example 3 . 25
Figure 6 – Holes in surfaces of spigot joints, example 1 . 25
Figure 7 – Holes in surfaces of spigot joints, example 2 . 26
Figure 8 – Holes in surfaces of spigot joints, example 3 . 26
Figure 9 – Examples of joint constructions . 27
Figure 10 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 1 . 32
Figure 11 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 2 . 32
Figure 12 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 3 . 32
Figure 13 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 4 . 32
Figure 14 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 5 . 32
Figure 15 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 6 . 32
Figure 16 – Illustration of the requirements concerning gaskets – Example 7 . 33
Figure 17 – Example of cylindrical joint for shaft of rotating electrical machine . 36
Figure 18 – Example of labyrinth joint for shaft of rotating electrical machine . 36
Figure 19 – Example of joint with floating gland for shaft of rotating electrical machine . 36
Figure 20 – Joints of shaft glands of rotating electrical machines . 37
Figure 21 – Component test rig for breathing and draining devices . 41
Figure 22 – Example of possible documentation . 48
Figure 23 – Example of a regular shaped waveform . 54
Figure 24 – Example of an irregular shaped waveform . 54
Figure C.1 – Examples of blanking elements for unused entries . 77
Figure C.2 – Device for the sealing tests for cable glands . 79
Figure C.3 – Examples of Ex thread adapters . 82
Figure E.1 – Fitting of diode arrangement for three cells in series . 88
Figure E.2 – Fitting of blocking diodes to meet E.4.3 (third example). 89
Figure G.1 – Flameproof enclosure with containment system . 97

Table 1 – Number of non-transmission tests for level of protection “da” . 20
Table 2 – Minimum width of joint and maximum gap for enclosures of Groups I, IIA
and IIB . 29
Table 3 – Minimum width of joint and maximum gap for Group IIC enclosures . 30
Table 4 – Cylindrical threaded joints . 31
a, c
Table 5 – Taper threaded joints . 31
Table 6 – Conditions for the determination of maximum surface temperature . 51
Table 7 – Test factors for reduced ambient conditions . 53
Table 8 – Relative pressures for small equipment . 55
Table 9 – Reduction in length of a threaded joint for non-transmission test . 57

Table 10 – Test factors to increase pressure or test gap (i ) . 57
E
Table 11 – Minimum distance of obstructions from flameproof “d” flange openings . 58
Table 12 – Gas/air mixtures . 59
Table 13 – Static pressures . 64
Table 14 – Text of caution or warning markings . 69
Table 15 – Text of informative markings . 70
Table C.1 – Tightening torque values, metric . 81
Table C.2 – Tightening torque values, NPT . 82
Table E.1 – Acceptable primary cells . 86
Table E.2 – Acceptable secondary cells . 87
Table F.1 – Mechanical properties for screws and nuts . 91

– 8 – IEC 60079-1:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –
Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d”

FOREWORD
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This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
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International Standard IEC 60079-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 31:
Equipment for explosive atmospheres.
This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition, published in 2007, and constitutes
a technical revision.
The significance of the changes between IEC 60079-1, Edition 7.0 (2014) and IEC 60079-1
Edition 6.0 (2007) (including Corrigendum 1 (2008)), is as listed below:
Type
Explanation of the significance of the changes Clause Minor and Extension Major
editorial technical
changes changes
Normative references
2 X
(Removal of the edition date from the reference for
IEC 60079-0)
Requirements for level of protection “da”
4.2 X
(Catalytic sensors of portable combustible gas detectors)
Requirements for level of protection “dc”
4.4, 15.5 X
(“Enclosed break” devices from IEC 60079-15)
Flameproof joints, General requirements
5.1 X
(Documentation clarification and examples of corrosion
inhibiting grease)
Flameproof joints, General requirements
5.1 X
(Specific Conditions of Use that joints are not intended to
be repaired)
Flameproof joints, General requirements
5.1 X
(Electroplating more than 0,008 mm thick)
Non-threaded joints, Gap (i)
5.2.2 X
(Intentional gaps between surface for flanged joints)
Serrated joints
5.2.8 X
(Use and test requirements)
Multi-step joints
5.2.9 X
(Not less than 3 adjacent segments and two path changes)
Minimum width of joint and maximum gap for enclosures of
Table 2 X
groups IIA and IIB
(Maximum gaps for flanged, cylindrical or spigot joints of
9,5 mm minimum width and volume greater than 2 000 cm3)
Minimum width of joint and maximum gap for enclosures of
Table 2, X
groups I, IIA, IIB and IIC
Table 3
(ISO 80000-1 for constructional value rounding)
Cylindrical threaded joints
Table 4 X
(ISO 965-1 standard in respect of thread form or quality of fit)
Taper threaded joints
Table 5 X
(External and internal thread construction)
Cemented joints 6.1.2
C1
(Supplemental mechanical means of securement)
Cemented joints
6.1.2 X
(Evaluation criteria if there is leakage)
Fused glass joints
6.2 X
(Glass-to-metal joints)
– 10 – IEC 60079-1:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
Type
Explanation of the significance of the changes Clause Minor and Extension Major
editorial technical
changes changes
Thermal tests of breathing and draining devices
10.9.3.2 X
(Temperature class based on external surface temperature
after the 10 min test period)
Test of the ability of the breathing and draining device to
10.9.3.4 X
withstand pressure
(Relocated from before thermal tests to after the non-
transmission test)
Ex component certificate
10.9.4 X
(Service temperature range for non-metallic enclosures per
IEC 60079-0)
Fasteners and openings
11 X
(Relocation of blanking element content to 13.8 and C.2.3)
Fasteners and openings, Property class or yield stress
11.3 X
(Certificate specific condition of use)
Fasteners and openings
11.8 X
(Openings in the wall of the enclosure)
Materials
12.8  C2
(Material limitation in acetylene atmospheres)
Entries for flameproof enclosures, General
13.1 X
(Metric and NPT threaded entries)
Entries for flameproof enclosures, General
13.1 X
(Group I non-threaded joints)
Entries for flameproof enclosures, Non-threaded holes
13.3 X
(Group I application)
Entries for flameproof enclosures, Cable glands
13.4 X
(Group I application)
Cable glands, Conduit sealing devices
13.4,13.5 X
(Documentation to facilitate mounting)
Plugs and sockets and cable couplers
13.6.4  C3
(Load requirement for arc-quenching test)
Bushings
13.7 X
(Documentation to facilitate mounting)
Blanking elements
13.8 X
(Relocated from Clause 11)
Verification and tests
Table 6 X
(Maximum surface temperature conditions)
Type tests
15 X
(Sequence and number of samples for tests)
Determination of explosion pressure, General
15.2.2.2 X
(Devices that can cause turbulence)
Determination of explosion pressure, General
15.2.2.2 X
(Number of tests for Group IIC)
Determination of explosion pressure, General
15.2.2.4 X
(Pressure pilling for Group IIB)

Type
Explanation of the significance of the changes Clause Minor and Extension Major
editorial technical
changes changes
Determination of explosion pressure, General
15.2.2.5 X
(Equipment marked for a single gas)
Overpressure test, General
15.2.3 X
(Low ambient overpressure tests not required)
Overpressure test – First method (static)
15.2.3.2 X
(3 times option when routine batch testing)
Overpressure test – First method (static)
15.2.3.2 X
(Adjustment for low ambient due to small size of equipment)
Overpressure test – Second method (dynamic)
15.2.3.3 X
(Number of tests to be made)
Test for non-transmission of an internal ignition
15.3 X
(Clarification regarding grease)
Reduction in length of a threaded joint for non-transmission
Table 9 X
test
(ISO 965-1 and 965-3 standards in respect of thread form
and quality of fit)
Test factors to increase pressure or test gap
Table 10 X
(Group IIC adjustments for elevated ambients)
Test for non-transmission of an internal ignition, Groups I,
15.3.2.3 X
IIA and IIB
(Number of tests to be made)
Test for non-transmission of an internal ignition, Group IIC
15.3.3.2 X
testing by increased gap
(Number of te
...