TP136 - Uredba o predelavi biološko razgradljivih odpadkov in uporabi komposta ali digestata

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil: Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indium (In), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1. The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies methods for sampling of soil improvers and growing media for subsequent determination of quality and quantity. It outlines the principles to be taken into consideration when taking the sample and ensuring an adequate quantity is available for testing.
This document applies to material in solid form (including pre-shaped growing media) and liquid form.
This document is intended to be used by manufacturers, buyers and enforcement agencies in verifying claims made for these materials. It is not intended that it should necessarily be used for the purpose of manufacturing control.
The requirements of this document can differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the material concerned.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony, arsenic,
barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper,
dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium, iron,
lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel,
palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium,
samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium, thallium,
thulium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and
zirconium in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates).
Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can be
determined in water and digests of water and sludge (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587-1
or ISO 15587-2).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and
relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification (LOQ) lies between 0,002 μg/l and 1,0 μg/l for
most elements (see Table 1). The working range typically covers concentrations between several ng/l
and mg/l depending on the element and specified requirements.
The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend
predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the
cleanliness of glassware.
The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences
(see Clause 5) or memory effects (see ISO 17294-1).
Elements other than those mentioned in the scope can also be determined according to this document
provided that the user of the document is able to validate the method appropriately (e.g. interferences,
sensitivity, repeatability, recovery).

This European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table ) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste, using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see Table 2).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
Table  —Target analytes of this European Standard
Target analyte   CAS-RNa
Naphthalene   91–20–3
Acenaphthene   83–32–9
Acenaphthylene   208–96–8
Fluorene   86–73–7
Anthracene   120–12–7
Phenanthrene   85–01–8
Fluoranthene   206–44–0
Pyrene   129–00–0
Benz[a]anthracene   56–55–3
Chrysene   218–01–9
Benzo[b]fluoranthene   205–99–2
Benzo[k]fluoranthene   207–08–9
Benzo[a]pyrene   50–32–8
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene   193–39–5
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene   53–70–3
Benzo[ghi]perylene   191–24–2
a   CAS-RN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, lower limit of application from 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 100 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples (e.g. bitumen) the limit of 100 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties as well as in the expected contamination levels of PAH and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
The method may be applied to the analysis of other PAH not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

This document specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of pH within the range pH 2 to pH 12 using a glass electrode in a 1:5 (volume fraction) suspension of soil, sludge and treated biowaste in water (pH in H2O), in 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution (pH in KCl) or in 0,01 mol/l calcium chloride solution (pH in CaCl2).
This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil, sludge and biowaste, for example
pretreated in accordance with ISO 11464 or EN 16179.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934.
This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.
The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of organic matter in the sample. Inorganic substances or decomposition products (e. g. H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) are released or absorbed and some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions.

This European Standard specifies two methods for digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of aqua regia as digestion solution.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements:
aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with aqua regia will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste and waste and using GC-MS and GC-ECD.
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
NOTE   For the analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to EN 61619, EN 12766–1 and EN ISO 6468 respectively.
The method may be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments

This International Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) according to the priority list of the Environmental Protection Agency, USA (EPA, 1982). This International Standard is applicable to all types of soil (field-moist or chemically dried samples), covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels.
Under the conditions specified in this International Standard, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg
(expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH.

ISO 14853:2016 specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastics by anaerobic microorganisms. The conditions described in ISO 14853 do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur. The test calls for exposure of the test material to sludge for a period of up to 90 d, which is longer than the normal sludge retention time (25 to 30 d) in anaerobic digesters, although digesters at industrial sites can have much longer retention times.
The method applies to the following materials:
- natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof;
- plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds;
- water-soluble polymers;
- materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see e.g. ISO 13641). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

ISO 15985:2014 specifies a method for the evaluation of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastics based on organic compounds under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions by measurement of evolved biogas at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typical anaerobic digestion conditions for the organic fraction of mixed municipal solid waste. The test material is exposed in a laboratory test to a methanogenic inoculum derived from anaerobic digesters operating only on pretreated household waste. The anaerobic decomposition takes place under high-solids (more than 20 % total solids) and static non-mixed conditions. The test method is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test material and its rate of conversion to evolved carbon dioxide and methane (biogas).

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS). The lower working range limit is 0,003 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium(Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The method detection limit of the method is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements. The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to be interfered (see Clause 4) or in case of memory effects (see e.g. 8.3 of EN ISO 17294-1:2006).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1 (sludge), Table A.2 (compost) and Table A.3 (soil). The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The lower working range limit is 0,03 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.

This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results). The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the specific electrical conductivity in aqueous suspensions of sludge (fresh), treated biowaste (fresh) or soil (fresh or air-dry).

This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
- Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
- Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
- Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. Nitrate and nitrite are not included. Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined. The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter fraction of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water. Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste. Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.

This part of ISO 10304 specifies a method for the determination of dissolved bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and sulfate in water, e.g. drinking water, ground water, surface water, waste water, leachates and marine water by liquid chromatography of ions. The lower limit of application is ≥ 0,05 mg/l for bromide and for nitrite, and ≥ 0,1 mg/l for chloride, fluoride, nitrate, orthophosphate and sulfate. The lower limit application depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. The working range may be expanded to lower concentrations (e.g. ≥ 0,01 mg/l) if an appropriate pre treatment of the sample (e.g. conditions for trace analyses, pre-concentration technique) is applied, and/or if an ultraviolet (UV) detector (for bromide, nitrate and nitrite) is used.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

ISO 12846:2012 specifies two methods for the determination of mercury in drinking, surface, ground, rain and waste water after appropriate pre-digestion. For the first method, an enrichment step by amalgamation of the Hg on, for example, a gold/platinum adsorber is used. For the second method, the enrichment step is omitted.
The choice of method depends on the equipment available, the matrix and the concentration range of interest. Both methods are suitable for the determination of mercury in water. The method with enrichment commonly has a practical working range from 0,01 µg/l to 1 µg/l. The mean limit of quantification (LOQ) reported by the participants of the validation trial was 0,008 µg/l. This information on the LOQ gives the user of ISO 12846:2012 an orientation and does not replace the estimation of performance data from laboratory specific data. It has to be considered that it is possible to achieve lower LOQs with specific instrumentation (e.g. single mercury analysers).
The method without enrichment commonly has a practical working range starting at 0,05 µg/l. The LOQ reported by the participants of the validation trial was 0,024 µg/l. It is up to the user, based on the specific application, to decide whether higher concentrations are determined by omitting the enrichment step and/or by diluting the sample(s). The sensitivity of both methods is dependent on the selected operating conditions.
Another possibility for the determination of extremely low Hg concentrations down to 0,002 µg/l without pre-concentration is the application of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (see ISO 17852). Specific atomic-absorption mercury analysers allow determinations down to 0,010 µg/l without pre-concentration.
In general, the determination of trace concentrations of Hg by AAS (or AFS) is dependent on clean operating conditions in the laboratory and on the use of high-purity chemicals with negligible low-Hg blanks.
Note that ISO 12846:2012 may be applied to industrial and municipal waste water after an additional digestion step performed under appropriate conditions and after suitable method validation. A potential sample stability issue (mercury loss) for anaerobic reducing industrial effluents has to be considered thoroughly.

This European Standard specifies a routine method for determining the organic matter and the ash content of soil improvers and growing media.
NOTE 1   This method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE 2   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard describes a method for the routine determination of the effect of soil improvers and growing media or constituents thereof on the germination and early root development of cress.

This European Standard describes a method for the routine determination of the effect of soil improvers and growing media or constituents thereof on the growth of Chinese cabbage (and in certain cases spring barley).
NOTE 1   This test may not be suitable for all growing media since the formulated nutrient content will vary according to target use and the product is not tested in accordance with the specified use and pack recommendations.
NOTE 2   This test is not appropriate for the detection of nitrogen immobilization.

This European standard specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of electrical conductivity in a water extract of a soil improver or growing medium. The determination is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water soluble electrolytes in either soil improvers or growing media.
NOTE 1   This method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE 2   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard specifies an instrumental method for the routine determination of pH in a suspension of soil improvers or growing media.
NOTE 1   This method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE 2   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This part of ISO 5667 gives guidance on the sampling of sludges from wastewater treatment works, water treatment works and industrial processes. It is applicable to all types of sludges arising from these works and also to sludges of similar characteristics, for example septik tank sludges. Guidance is also given on the design of sampling programmes and techniques for the collection of samples.

This part of ISO 10304 specifies a method for the determination of dissolved bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and sulfate in water, e.g. drinking water, ground water, surface water, waste water, leachates and marine water by liquid chromatography of ions. The lower limit of application is ≥ 0,05 mg/l for bromide and for nitrite, and ≥ 0,1 mg/l for chloride, fluoride, nitrate, orthophosphate and sulfate. The lower limit application depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. The working range may be expanded to lower concentrations (e.g. ≥ 0,01 mg/l) if an appropriate pre treatment of the sample (e.g. conditions for trace analyses, pre-concentration technique) is applied, and/or if an ultraviolet (UV) detector (for bromide, nitrate and nitrite) is used.

This European Standard specifies a routine method for preparing a sample of soil improver or growing media prior to chemical analysis and physical testing. The procedures described herein apply only to those samples that are supplied to a laboratory in the form in which they will be used for their intended purpose.
NOTE 1   This method is not applicable to liming materials and is not suitable for materials like rockwool and foam slabs.
NOTE 2   The determination of the laboratory compacted bulk density is given in Annex A.
NOTE 3   The results of an interlaboratory trial to determine moisture content are given in Annex B.
NOTE 4   The results of an interlaboratory trial to determine compacted laboratory bulk density are given in Annex B.
NOTE 5   Attention is drawn to the possible existence of national legislation for the declaration of specific products, which could differ from the general requirements of this European Standard.

This document specifies a method of determination of particle size distribution in soil improvers and growing media.

This European Standard specifies requirements and procedures to determine the compostability or anaerobic treatability of plastic materials by addressing four characteristics:
I)      biodegradability,
II)      disintegration during biological treatment,
III)      effect on the biological treatment process and
IV)      effect on the quality of the resulting compost.
NOTE   For packaging EN 13432 applies.

This part of the CEN Technical Report specifies a presence/absence procedure to detect Salmonella spp using a four-stage presence/absence method in up to 50g (wet weight) sample.
The method has a limit of detection of approximately 10 cfu/50 g wet weight sludge.
NOTE   The objective is to cover untreated and treated sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes.

This part of the CEN Technical Report specifies a most probable number (MPN) method for the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes. It allows further differentiation within the test than part 2 of this standard. It is suitable to evaluate the log reduction of E.coli through treatment as well as the quality of the end product.
The method is for material with dry residues of more than 10 %.
For materials with dry residues less than 10 %, the procedure given in CEN/TR 15214-1 should be used.

This part of the CEN Technical Report describes a miniaturized most probable number (MPN) method for the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes. It is suitable to evaluate the log reduction of E. coli through treatment as well as the quality of the end product.
This method is convenient for material with dry residue of more than 10 %. For materials with dry residue less than 20 %, the procedure specified in CEN/TR 15214-1 will be used.

This part of the CEN Technical Report specifies a membrane filtration procedure for the quantitative detection, by culture of individual colonies on chromogenic agar media, of Escherichia coli. in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes. This part of the Technical Report is not suitable for materials whose treatment will significantly reduce bacterial levels to less than 10 viable E. coli per g wet weight, such as lime addition, drying or pasteurisation. A liquid enrichment and most probable number estimation method may be suited for such purpose.
This membrane filtration method is not appropriate for enumeration and detection of other coliform bacteria without modifications to the chromogenic agar media.
It is suitable to evaluate the log reduction of E.coli through treatment, as well as the quality of the end product.
This method is for materials with dry residues less than 20 %. For materials with dry residues greater than 20 % and low numbers of E. coli,  CEN/TR 15214-2 and CEN/TR 15214-3  should be used.

TC - Correction to A.3.1

This European standard specifies methods for the determination of orthophosphate (see clause three); orthophosphate after solvent extraction (see clause four); hydrolysable phosphate plus orthophosphate (see clause five); total soluble phosphorus and total phosphorus after decomposition (see clauses six and seven). The methods are applicable to all kinds of water including seawater and effluents. Phosphorus contents within the range of 0,005 to 0,8 mg per litre may be determined in such samples without dilution.

This European Standard specifies a method for the routine extraction of aqua regia soluble elements (as listed in annex B) from soil improvers or growing media. Materials containing more than about 28 % (m/m) organic matter will require treatment with additional nitric acid. With high solute concentrations in extract solutions, spectral interference's and background enhancement should be expected.
The method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE 1   Aqua regia will not totally dissolve most soil improvers or growing media, and the efficiency of extraction for particular elements differs from element to element. Such efficiency might also differ for the same element in different matrices.  Elements extractable in aqua regia cannot therefore, be described as "Totals"; conversely they cannot be regarded as the "bio-available" fraction, as the extraction procedure is too vigorous to represent any biological process.
NOTE 2      The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard specifies a method for the routine extraction of water-soluble extractable nutrients and elements (as listed in annex B) in soil improvers or growing media.
The method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of nitrogen in soil improvers and growing media. The dry combustion method was developed originally as a manual method by Dumas [5]. Its application is improved greatly due to the use of modern automated equipment and is applicable to all forms of nitrogen.
The method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of nitrogen in soil improvers and growing media. The Kjeldahl method determines ammonium-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N and organic N content of soil improvers and growing media. Nitrogen in N-N-linkages, N-O-linkages and some heterocyclics (especially pyridine) is only partially determined. [6], [7], [8]
The method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs.
NOTE   The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of dry residue and water content of sludges and sludge products. This method is applicable to the determination of dry residue and water content of sludges which include liquid, paste-like or solid matter.

This European Standard specifies requirements and procedures to determine the compostability and anaerobic treatability of packaging and packaging materials by addressing four characteristics: 1) biodegradability; 2) disintegration during biological treatment; 3) effect on the biological treatment process; 4) effect on the quality of the resulting compost. In case of a packaging formed by different components, some of which are compostable and some other not, the packaging itself, as a whole is not compostable.

Gives a method for the evaluation of the ultimate biodegradability of organic compounds in digested sludge at a given concentration by anaerobic microorganisms.

Gives a procedure for raw, potable and waste water. An ammonium nitrogen content of up to 10 mg in the test portion may be determined.

This standard specifies methods for the extraction, with aqua regia, of trace elements and phosphorus from sludges and sludge products. The resulting solution is suitable for the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn and P using spectrometric techniques. NOTE 1 With high solute concentrations in extract solutions, spectral interferences and background enhancement should be expected. NOTE 2 This method can be used for other elements except that portion of the elements bonded to silica.