ISO/TC 22/SC 32 - Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects

This document describes use cases and activities for updating software in vehicles over the air using mobile cellular network. This document provides a case study on the use of International Standards in preparing software update packages, managing infrastructure and operation within the vehicles. This document includes descriptions of a reference model for software update operations and metadata which can be used during the software update operations.

This document specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines, and establishes the basic principles of the component tests used in the other parts of the ISO 11452 series for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (d.c. and 15 Hz to 18 GHz) is allowed for the immunity testing of the components in the ISO 11452 series.

This document describes the introduction of radiated immunity testing for the components and vehicles equipped with V2X communications. The link communication connection and V2X scenario simulation are considered to make the V2X functions and their communications operate normally during the immunity testing. Examples of monitoring are also discussed to show the electromagnetic interference reactions of the device with V2X under test. In addition, test hints are described to provide information on radiated immunity for V2X. Technical specifications are not within the scope of this document.

This document specifies a method for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from off-vehicle radiation sources, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. While this document refers specifically to passenger cars and commercial vehicles, generalized as “vehicle(s)”, it can readily be applied to other types of vehicles. ISO 11451-1 specifies general test conditions, definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure. Function performance status classification guidelines for immunity to electromagnetic radiation from an off-vehicle radiation source are given in Annex A.

This document specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines and establishes the basic principles of the vehicle tests used in the ISO 11451 series, for determining the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz) is allowed for the immunity testing in the ISO 11451 series.

This document provides guidance for achieving and demonstrating safety of an automated driving system (ADS) integrated in a road vehicle. The approach is based on safety principles derived from worldwide applicable publications and top-level safety objectives. It considers safety by design, verification and validation, and post deployment activities for level 3 and level 4 ADS features defined according to ISO/SAE PAS 22736[2]. In addition, it outlines cybersecurity considerations. The application of this document is intended for road vehicles, including trucks and buses and excluding motorcycles and mopeds. Any ADS or related elements that are in operation, or under development, prior to the publication of this document are exempted from the application of this document. NOTE While not covered in this document, safety during development activities is a key consideration. Development includes activities of design, verification and validation.

This document specifies medium circuit breakers with tabs (blade type), Form CB15, for use in road vehicles. It establishes, for this circuit breaker form, the rated current, test procedures, performance requirements and dimensions. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 10924-1 and ISO 10924-2. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of ISO 10924-1, whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document. This document is applicable to circuit breakers with a rated voltage of 14 V (DC) or 28 V (DC) or 58 V (DC), a current rating of no greater than 40 A and a breaking capacity of 2 000 A, intended for use in road vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12 V (DC) or 24 V (DC) or 48 V (DC). The circuit breakers are different in dimensions and functions, such as electric reset, automatic reset, manual reset and switchable. NOTE This type of circuit breaker is intended to be used in applications such as medium fuse-links in accordance with ISO 8820-3. While the tab dimensions and current ratings can be the same, there can be differences in performance which the user of these products is advised to consider.

This document provides guidance for the choice and application of automotive circuit breakers. It describes the various parameters that are taken into account when selecting circuit breakers.

This document defines terms and specifies general test requirements for circuit breakers for use in road vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12 V (DC), 24 V (DC), 48 V (DC) and 450 V (DC). This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 10924-2, ISO 10924-3, ISO 10924-4 and ISO 10924-5. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of the document whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document. This document is not applicable to circuit breaker holders (electrical centres or fuse-holders) used in vehicles.

This document specifies miniature circuit breakers with tabs (blade-type), Form CB11 for use in road vehicles. It establishes, for this circuit breaker form, the rated current, test procedures, performance requirements and dimensions. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 10924-1 and ISO 10924-2. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of ISO 10924-1, whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document. This document is applicable to circuit breakers with a rated voltage of 14 V and/or 28 V, a current rating of ≤30 A and a breaking capacity of 2 000 A intended for use in road vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12 V and/or 24 V. The circuit breakers are different in dimensions and functions, such as electric reset, automatic reset, manual reset and switchable. NOTE This type of circuit breaker is intended to be used in similar applications as miniature fuse-links according to ISO 8820-3. While the tab dimensions and current ratings can be the same, there can be differences in performance which the user of these products is advised to consider.

This document specifies circuit breakers with a rated voltage of 450 V for use in road vehicles. It establishes, for this circuit breaker type, the rated current, test procedures, performance requirements and dimensions. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 10924-1 and with ISO 10924-2. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of ISO 10924-1 whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document. This document is applicable to circuit breakers with a rated voltage of 450 V (DC), a current rating of no greater than 300 A and a breaking capacity of 6 000 A.

This document defines terms related to the ignition systems of spark-ignited internal combustion, mainly but not solely intended for use in road vehicles.

This document applies to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems that use AI technology and that is installed in series production road vehicles, excluding mopeds. It does not address unique E/E systems in special vehicles, such as E/E systems designed for drivers with disabilities. This document addresses the risk of undesired safety-related behaviour at the vehicle level due to output insufficiencies, systematic errors and random hardware errors of AI elements within the vehicle. This includes interactions with AI elements that are not part of the vehicle itself but that can have a direct or indirect impact on vehicle safety. EXAMPLE 1 Examples of AI elements within the vehicle include the trained AI model and AI system. EXAMPLE 2 Direct impact on safety can be due to object detection by elements external to the vehicle. EXAMPLE 3 Indirect impact on safety can be due to field monitoring by elements external to the vehicle. The development of AI elements that are not part of the vehicle is not within the scope of this document. These elements can conform to domain-specific safety guidance. This document can be used as a reference where such domain-specific guidance does not exist. This document describes safety-related properties of AI systems that can be used to construct a convincing safety assurance claim for the absence of unreasonable risk. This document does not provide specific guidelines for software tools that use AI methods. This document focuses primarily on a subclass of AI methods defined as machine learning (ML). Although it covers the principles of established and well-understood classes of ML, it does not focus on the details of any specific AI methods e.g. deep neural networks.

This document specifies the performance requirements and test methods for optical harnesses for up to 100 Gbit/s per fibre channel for in-vehicle data communication between electronic devices including in-line connections. The optical harness consists of cables and connectors, including cable to cable (in-line) connectors and electronic device (header) connectors. Safety (electrical safety, protection, fire, etc.) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this document. Specific to the optical header connector, only mechanical reference plane (MRP), optical reference plane (ORP) and relevant mechanical dimensions are within the scope of this document. The optical coupling system inside an optical header connector and the optoelectronic component itself are beyond the scope of this document.

This document specifies the design and/or evaluation with the specific equipment, conditions and methods for distributorless battery ignition systems intended for use in various internal combustion engines including automotive, marine, motorcycle and utility engine applications. The test procedures listed in this document are limited to measurements performed on a test bench only and do not include measurements made directly on engines or vehicles. This document is not intended to supply information for battery ignition systems used in aircraft applications of any type.

This document specifies the test methods and requirements for the mechanical and electrical performance of spark-plugs for use with spark ignition engines.

This document specifies methods for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electromagnetic disturbances from on-board transmitters connected to an external antenna and portable transmitters with integral antennas, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).

This document specifies transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell tests for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

This document describes a framework for functional safety to enable the use of pre-existing software architectural elements not originally developed in accordance with the ISO 26262:2018 series, but intended to be integrated into safety-related embedded software conformant with the ISO 26262:2018 series by: — determining relevant criteria when using the pre-existing software architectural element as a safety-related element of safety-related embedded software; — determining relevant criteria inherent to the pre-existing software architectural element, e.g. needs for external safety mechanisms to detect and control failures caused by the pre-existing software architectural element; — providing suitable evidence and arguments for use of the pre-existing software architectural element that can include applicable procedures, techniques and safety measures; — supporting the fulfilment of software safety requirements when using the pre-existing software architectural element as a safety-related element of safety-related embedded software; — supporting the integration of the pre-existing software architectural element as a safety-related element of safety-related embedded software.

This document defines the basic terms relating to electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling used in the other parts of the ISO 7637 series. It also gives general information on the whole ISO 7637 series.

This document provides terminology and specifies test methods for general performance requirements of voltage class A connectors used in electrical wiring harnesses on road vehicles. This document applies to connectors which, after mounting in the vehicle, are designed to only be disconnected in connection with repair and maintenance. This document does not apply to internal connections for electronic devices. This document does not apply to signal communication quality or data integrity.

This document specifies the main properties and dimensions of spark plugs, including the terminals and the dimensions of their cylinder head housings, for use with any spark-ignited engines. The usage of spark plugs is not restricted to road vehicles only. This document does not cover screened and waterproof spark plugs (see ISO 3412, ISO 3895 and ISO 3896).

This document defines test methods for electrical cables in road vehicles, which are used in other parts of the ISO 19642 series.

This document applies to degrees of protection (IP code) provided by enclosures of the electrical equipment of road vehicles. It specifies the following: a) designations and definitions of types and degrees of protection provided by enclosures of electrical equipment (IP codes) for the: — protection of electrical equipment within the enclosure against ingress of foreign objects, including dust (protection against foreign objects); — protection of persons against access to hazardous parts inside the enclosure (protection against access); — protection of electrical equipment inside the enclosure against effects due to ingress of water (protection against water); b) requirements for each degree of protection; c) tests carried out in order to confirm that the enclosure complies with requirements of the relevant degree of protection.

This document defines terms in the field of cables applied in road vehicle general purpose applications, for use in the other parts of the ISO 19642 series.

This document is intended to be applied to the usage of predictive maintenance methods for the detection of degrading faults in safety related E/E hardware elements. It applies to hardware elements developed for compliance with the ISO 26262[1] series in which degrading faults are shown to be relevant due to, for instance, the technology used. Specific technical implementations of predictive maintenance solutions are not in scope of this document.

This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This document describes mechanical loads. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.

This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This document describes climatic loads. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.

This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This document describes chemical loads. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. NOTE Conditions and testing for a continuous contact with chemical agents can be determined from other standards or upon agreement between the customer and the supplier. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.

This document applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road vehicles. This document describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements for the specific mounting location on/in the road vehicle. This document describes electrical loads. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is not covered by this document. Electrical loads are independent from the mounting location, but can vary due to the electrical impedance (including both the resistance and the inductance) in the vehicle wiring harness and connection system. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.

This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This document contains the terminology for the ISO 16750 series and general requirements. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is not covered by this document. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.

This document is intended to be applied to the usage of ISO 26262 methodology for rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS), for example, lithium-ion battery systems, that are installed in series-production road vehicles, excluding mopeds. This document does not address unique E/E systems in special vehicles such as E/E systems designed for drivers with disabilities. This document provides: a) a generic informative framework regarding the interaction of E/E systems with elements of other technologies with respect to the ISO 26262 series aspects of item definition, hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA), functional safety concept (FSC), verification and validation (V&V), and production, operation, service and decommissioning (POSD); b) various examples elaborating the generic framework; c) topics which could be considered in future editions of the ISO 26262 series. RESS includes BMS, cells, harnesses, connectivity, etc. In order to achieve product safety non-E/E functional safety requirements need to be fulfilled by the other technology itself without the support of E/E technology. These requirements are not in scope of this document.

This document specifies the electrostatic discharge (ESD) test methods necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It applies to discharges in the following cases: — ESD in assembly; — ESD caused by service staff; — ESD caused by occupants. This document describes test procedures for evaluating both electronic modules on the bench and complete vehicles. This document applies to all types of road vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The test for electronic modules on the bench described in this document applies to any DUT (powered by an unshielded power system, DUT powered by a shielded power system, self-powered DUT, etc.). This document does not apply to pyrotechnic modules.

This document specifies the dimensions and requirements for unscreened single twisted pair RF cables with a specified analogue bandwidth up to 1 GHz intended for use in road vehicle applications where the nominal system voltage is 30 V a.c. or 60 V d.c.

This document specifies the dimensions and requirements for coaxial radio frequency (RF) cables with a specified analogue bandwidth up to 6 GHz (for special cases up to 20 GHz) intended for use in road vehicle applications where the nominal system voltage is 30 V a.c. or 60 V d.c.

This document specifies methods for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electromagnetic disturbances, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor) using a reverberation chamber. The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to narrowband electromagnetic fields. While this document refers specifically to passenger cars and commercial vehicles, generalized as “vehicle(s)”, it can readily be applied to other types of vehicles. ISO 11451-1 specifies general test conditions, definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure. Function performance status classification guidelines for immunity to electromagnetic radiation from an off-vehicle radiation source are given in Annex A.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for software update engineering for road vehicles on both the organizational and the project level. This document is applicable to road vehicles whose software can be updated. The requirements and recommendations in this document apply to vehicles, vehicle systems, ECUs, infrastructure, and the assembly and deployment of software update packages after the initial development. This document is applicable to organizations involved in software update engineering for road vehicles. Such organizations can include vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, and their subsidiaries or partners. This document establishes a common understanding for communicating and managing activities and responsibilities among organizations and related parties. The development of software for vehicle functions, except for software update engineering, is outside the scope of this document. Finally, this document does not prescribe specific technologies or solutions for software update engineering.

This document defines various parameters to be tested for the communication channel between two Ethernet devices (e.g. ECUs for automotive application) and also for the transmission media including cables and connectors as a single component of which the communication channel consists. This document also specifies the general RF requirements for a physical layer communication channel for ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3. These requirements are related to signal integrity of the communication channel. Test methods for electrical performances of the communication channel/link and cables and connectors are also specified in this document.

This document provides a general argument framework and guidance on measures to ensure the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF), which is the absence of unreasonable risk due to a hazard caused by functional insufficiencies, i.e.: a) the insufficiencies of specification of the intended functionality at the vehicle level; or b) the insufficiencies of specification or performance insufficiencies in the implementation of electric and/or electronic (E/E) elements in the system. This document provides guidance on the applicable design, verification and validation measures, as well as activities during the operation phase, that are needed to achieve and maintain the SOTIF. This document is applicable to intended functionalities where proper situational awareness is essential to safety and where such situational awareness is derived from complex sensors and processing algorithms, especially functionalities of emergency intervention systems and systems having levels of driving automation from 1 to 5[2]. This document is applicable to intended functionalities that include one or more E/E systems installed in series production road vehicles, excluding mopeds. Reasonably foreseeable misuse is in the scope of this document. In addition, operation or assistance of a vehicle by a remote user or communication with a back office that can affect vehicle decision making is in scope of this document when it can lead to safety hazards. This document does not apply to: — faults covered by the ISO 26262 series; — cybersecurity threats; — hazards directly caused by the system technology (e.g. eye damage from the beam of a lidar); — hazards related to electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, release of energy and similar hazards, unless directly caused by the intended functionality of E/E systems; and — deliberate actions that clearly violate the system’s intended use, (which are considered feature abuse). This document is not intended for functions of existing systems for which well-established and well-trusted design, verification and validation (V&V) measures exist (e.g. dynamic stability control systems, airbags).

This document specifies harness excitation methods for testing the electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The bulk current injection (BCI) test method is based on current injection into the wiring harness using a current probe as a transformer where the harness forms the secondary winding. The tubular wave coupler (TWC) test method is based on a wave coupling into the wiring harness using the directional coupler principle. The TWC test method was developed for immunity testing of automotive components with respect to radiated disturbances in the GHz ranges (GSM bands, UMTS, ISM 2,4 GHz). It is best suited to small (with respect to wavelength) and shielded device under test (DUT), since in these cases the dominating coupling mechanism is via the harness. The electromagnetic disturbance considered in this document is limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. ISO 11451-1 gives definitions, practical use and basic principles of the test methods.

This document specifies the main properties and dimensions of metal-sheath-type glow plugs, including the terminals, and the dimensions of their cylinder head housings, for use with diesel (compression ignition) engines.

In addition to the guidelines in ISO 19011, this document provides guidelines to organizations that contribute to the achievement of road vehicle cybersecurity throughout the supply chain on: — managing an audit programme for a cybersecurity management system (CSMS); — conducting organizational CSMS audits; — competencies of CSMS auditors; and — providing evidence during CSMS audits. Elements of the CSMS are based on the processes described in ISO/SAE 21434. This document is applicable to those needing to understand or conduct internal or external audits of a CSMS or to manage a CSMS audit programme. This document does not provide guidelines on cybersecurity assessments.

This document includes common definitions for terms and their interdependencies related to starting devices as well as describes their general and specific characteristics.

This document specifies test methods and procedures for testing electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles to portable transmitters in close proximity, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The device under test (DUT), together with the wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness), is subjected to an electromagnetic disturbance generated by portable transmitters inside an absorber-lined shielded enclosure, with peripheral devices either inside or outside the enclosure. The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

This document specifies engineering requirements for cybersecurity risk management regarding concept, product development, production, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of electrical and electronic (E/E) systems in road vehicles, including their components and interfaces. A framework is defined that includes requirements for cybersecurity processes and a common language for communicating and managing cybersecurity risk. This document is applicable to series production road vehicle E/E systems, including their components and interfaces, whose development or modification began after the publication of this document. This document does not prescribe specific technology or solutions related to cybersecurity.

This document defines terms and specifies test methods and general performance requirements for single-pole and multi-pole connections used with on-board electrical wiring harnesses of road vehicles. This document is applicable to connectors designed to be disconnected after mounting in the vehicle for repair and maintenance only. It does not cover one-part connections, i.e. where one part of the connection has direct contact to the pattern of the printed circuit board. This document is not applicable to internal connections of electronic devices.

This document specifies fuse-links with tabs (blade-type) Type L (high current miniature) for use in road vehicles. It establishes, for this fuse-link type, the rated current, test procedures, performance requirements and dimensions. This document is applicable for fuse-links with a rated voltage of 32 V, a current rating of ≤60 A and a breaking capacity of 1 000 A intended for use in road vehicles. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 8820-1 and ISO 8820-2. The numbering of its clauses corresponds to that of ISO 8820-1 whose requirements are applicable, except where modified by requirements particular to this document.