ISO 16750-2:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16750-2
Fifth edition
2023-07
Road vehicles — Environmental
conditions and testing for electrical
and electronic equipment —
Part 2:
Electrical loads
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications d'environnement et essais de
l'équipement électrique et électronique —
Partie 2: Contraintes électriques
Reference number
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test and requirements .2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Direct current (DC) supply voltage . 2
4.2.1 Purpose . 2
4.2.2 Test method . 2
4.2.3 Requirements . 4
4.3 Overvoltage . 4
4.3.1 Long term overvoltage . 4
4.3.2 Transient overvoltage . 6
4.4 Superimposed alternating voltage . 7
4.4.1 Purpose . 7
4.4.2 Test method . 7
4.4.3 Requirements . 10
4.5 Slow decrease and increase of supply voltage . 10
4.5.1 Purpose . 10
4.5.2 Test method . 10
4.5.3 Requirements . 11
4.6 Discontinuities in supply voltage . 11
4.6.1 Drops or interrupts in supply voltage . 11
4.6.2 Reset behaviour at voltage drop . 16
4.6.3 Starting profile . 17
4.6.4 Load dump . 19
4.7 Reversed voltage .22
4.7.1 Purpose .22
4.7.2 Test method . 22
4.7.3 Requirements . 24
4.8 Ground reference and supply offset. 24
4.8.1 Purpose . 24
4.8.2 Test method . 25
4.8.3 Requirements . 26
4.9 Open circuit tests . 26
4.9.1 Single line interruption . 26
4.9.2 Multiple line interruption . .28
4.10 Short circuit/overload protection .28
4.10.1 Purpose .28
4.10.2 Short circuit in signal lines and load circuits .28
4.10.3 Overloading of load circuits .29
4.11 Withstand voltage .30
4.11.1 Purpose .30
4.11.2 Test method . 30
4.11.3 Requirements . 30
4.12 Insulation resistance. 31
4.12.1 Purpose . 31
4.12.2 Test method . 31
4.12.3 Requirements . 31
4.13 Electromagnetic compatibility. 31
5 Documentation .31
Annex A (normative) Test load dump pulse generator verification procedure .32
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Annex B (informative) Origin of load dump pulse in road vehicles electrical systems .33
Bibliography .34
iv
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32,
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 16750-2:2012), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— introduction of use of operating mode for the electrical tests;
— introduction of concept with redundant supplies for relevant test cases;
— more detailed specification of direct current supply voltage test;
— more detailed specification of jump start test (overvoltage test at RT);
— introduction of transient overvoltage test;
— complete update of superimposed alternating voltage test (e.g. updated test method, extension of
frequency range to 200 kHz, etc.);
— more detailed specification of slow decrease and increase of supply voltage test;
— introduction of micro interruption in supply voltage test;
— more detailed specification of reset behaviour at voltage drop test;
— explanation of severity levels in starting profile test;
— more detailed specification of reversed voltage test;
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
— more detailed specification of ground reference and supply offset test;
— single line interruption test divided in two test cases; static interruption (single interruption event)
and dynamic interruption (multiple interruption events, i.e. bursts);
— short circuit protection test changed to short circuit/overload protection test. more detailed
specification on test cases. Introduction of test case overloading of load circuits;
— more detailed description of origin of load dump pulse in Annex B;
— various editorial updates and clarifications.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16750 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 2:
Electrical loads
1 Scope
This document applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road vehicles. This document
describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements for the specific
mounting location on/in the road vehicle.
This document describes electrical loads.
This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and
components of motorcycles and mopeds. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is not covered by this
document.
Electrical loads are independent from the mounting location, but can vary due to the electrical
impedance (including both the resistance and the inductance) in the vehicle wiring harness and
connection system.
Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under
development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes
in this edition compared to the previous one.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8820 (all parts), Road vehicles — Fuse-links
ISO 16750-1, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 1: General
ISO 16750-4:2023, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 4: Climatic loads
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16750-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
4 Test and requirements
4.1 General
If not otherwise specified, the following tolerances shall apply:
— frequency and time: ±5 %;
— voltages: ±0,2 V;
— currents: ±2 %;
— inductance: ±10 %;
— resistance: ±10 %.
All voltage curves are shown without load.
If not otherwise specified, measure all voltages at the relevant terminals of the DUT.
For devices and units operating on secondary feed (e.g. 5 V sensor being supplied from 12 V supplied
DUT), special considerations shall apply to voltage supply range, and specific tests shall be adjusted with
consideration to the actual vehicle installation. Which tests that are applicable and what considerations
that apply shall be agreed between the customer and the supplier.
NOTE For a device or unit working on secondary feed, the electrical testing is sometimes carried out
together with the 12/24 V supplied DUT providing the secondary feed.
A minimum of two DUTs shall be used for validation. If judged necessary by agreement between the
customer and the supplier, an increased sample size may be used for final validation phases (process
validation).
For redundant supplies and redundantly supplied DUTs, see definition in ISO 16750-1.
4.2 Direct current (DC) supply voltage
4.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to verify equipment functionality at minimum and maximum supply voltage.
4.2.2 Test method
Set the supply voltage as specified in Table 3 or Table 4 to all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT.
Use the test profile as described in Figure 1 and Table 2. The test profile shall be run with the DUT in
operating mode 3.3, with the DUT in operating mode 3.4 (i.e. to test both minimum and maximum load
conditions), and at both T and T , as defined in ISO 16750-1. If agreed between the customer and
min max
the supplier, one of the operating modes 3.3 or 3.4 may be chosen for the test.
The test profile shall also be run once at room temperature at normal loading conditions, operating
mode 3.2 as defined in ISO 16750-1.
See Table 1 for combinations of test conditions.
Table 1 — DC supply voltage, combinations of test conditions
Temperature / operating mode T RT T
min max
Operating mode 3.3 U / U - U / U
Smin Smax Smin Smax
Operating mode 3.2 - U / U -
Smin Smax
Operating mode 3.4 U / U - U / U
Smin Smax Smin Smax
2
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Key
t time, in seconds
U test voltage, in volts
Figure 1 — DC supply voltage test profile
Table 2 — Test parameters for DC supply voltage
U See ISO 16750-1
A
U See Table 3 or Table 4
Smax
U See Table 3 or Table 4
Smin
t 30 s
1
t 60 s
2
t 1 V/s
rise
t 1 V/s
fall
If the DUT is supplied by two or more redundant supplies, all different possible combinations of U
Smin
and U on the supply input ports of the DUT shall be tested.
Smax
The voltages listed in Table 3 or Table 4 are relevant within the operating temperature range as
specified in ISO 16750-4, without time limits. When considering the minimum and maximum voltage
levels in the vehicle it should be noted that these are highly dependent on the voltage supply in the
electrical system, e.g. DC/DC, alternator.
Table 3 — Supply voltage for system devices with 12 V nominal voltage
Code Minimum supply voltage, U Maximum supply voltage, U
Smin Smax
A 6 V 16 V
B 8 V 16 V
C 9 V 16 V
D 10,5 V 16 V
Z As agreed
Table 4 — Supply voltage for system devices with 24 V nominal voltage
Code Minimum supply voltage, U Maximum supply voltage, U
Smin Smax
E 10 V 32 V
F 16 V 32 V
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 4 4 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Code Minimum supply voltage, U Maximum supply voltage, U
Smin Smax
G 22 V 32 V
H 18 V 32 V
Z As agreed
4.2.3 Requirements
Functional status class A as defined in ISO 16750-1 is required during active operating modes when
tested in the supply voltage ranges given in Table 3 or Table 4, respectively.
4.3 Overvoltage
4.3.1 Long term overvoltage
4.3.1.1 Test at a temperature of (T – 20) °C for alternator failure
max
4.3.1.1.1 Purpose
This test simulates the condition where the alternator regulator fails, so that the output voltage of the
alternator rises above normal values.
This test is relevant for both 12 V and 24 V systems.
4.3.1.1.2 Test method
Heat the DUT in a hot air oven to a temperature that is 20 K below the maximum operating temperature,
T .
max
For 12 V systems, apply a voltage of 18 V for 60 min to all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT.
For 24 V systems, apply a voltage of 36 V for 60 min to all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT.
The operating mode of the DUT shall be 3.4, as defined in ISO 16750-1.
If the DUT is supplied by two or more redundant supplies, and if agreed between the customer and the
supplier, the test voltage as specified above shall be applied to one of the redundant supply lines at a
time. The other supply or supplies shall then be kept at U as defined in ISO 16750-1.
A
4.3.1.1.3 Requirements
Minimum functional status class C as defined in ISO 16750-1 is required.
Where more stringent requirements are necessary, functional status class A as defined in ISO 16750-1
is required during active operating modes.
4.3.1.2 Test at room temperature and T for jump start
min
4.3.1.2.1 Purpose
This test simulates a jump start from a 24 V system to a 12 V system vehicle. A simulated use case could
be a jump start from a donor vehicle using a 24 V system, but without engine running in the donor
vehicle (i.e. without applied charging on the 24 V side). A use case could also be a jump start from a 24 V
stand-alone battery pack. This test is only applicable for 12 V systems. The test shall be done both in
room temperature conditions and at T . If agreed between the customer and the supplier, test at T
min min
can be omitted.
4
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
4.3.1.2.2 Test method
Ensure that the DUT has stabilized at temperature given in Table 5. Apply a voltage of 26 V for (60 ± 6) s
to all relevant inputs (connections) of the DUT as described in Figure 2 and Table 5.
For DUTs necessary for engine start, the operating mode shall be 2.2, as defined in ISO 16750-1. For all
other DUTs, the operating mode shall be 2.3.
If the DUT is supplied by two or more redundant supplies, and if agreed between the customer and
the supplier, the test voltage shall be applied to one of the redundant supply lines at a time. The other
supply or supplies shall then be kept at U as defined in ISO 16750-1.
B
Test shall be performed one time for each temperature value given in Table 5.
Key
t time, in seconds
U test voltage, in volts
U transient test voltage, in volts
trans
U supply voltage, in volts
Smin
n number of transients in sequence
t fall time, in seconds
fall
t transient duration, in seconds
trans
t rise time, in seconds
rise
t rest time between transient events, in seconds
rest
Figure 2 — Jump start transient
Table 5 — Jump start test values
Parameter Temperature t t t t U U n
rise fall trans rest Smin trans
RT ≤ 10 ms ≤ 10 ms 60 s 120 s 10,8 V 26 V 1
12 V system
T ≤ 10 ms ≤ 10 ms 60 s 120 s 10,8 V 26 V 1
min
4.3.1.2.3 Requirements
If not otherwise agreed between the customer and the supplier, minimum functional status class C as
defined in ISO 16750-1 is required.
5
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
Where more stringent requirements are necessary, functional status class A as defined in ISO 16750-1
is required during active operating modes.
4.3.2 Transient overvoltage
4.3.2.1 Purpose
This test simulates when a DUT is affected by switching loads or loads injecting current in the electrical
distribution system. This test is relevant for both 12 V and 24 V systems.
4.3.2.2 Test method
Apply the test pulse five times as specified in Figure 3 and Table 6 simultaneously to all relevant inputs
(connections) of the DUT. The operating mode of the DUT shall be 3.4, as defined in ISO 16750-1.
Key
t time, in seconds
U test voltage, in volts
U maximum supply voltage, in volts
Smax
U transient overvoltage, in volts
trans
n number of test pulse in sequence
t fall time, in seconds
fall
t transient pulse duration, in seconds
trans
t rise time, in seconds
rise
t rest time between transient pulses, in seconds
rest
Figure 3 — Test profile for transient overvoltage
Table 6 — Transient overvoltage test values
Parameter t t t t U n
rise fall rest trans trans
12 V system 1 ms 1 ms 1 s 400 ms 18 V 5
24 V system 2 ms 2 ms 1 s 400 ms 36 V 5
If the DUT is supplied by two or more redundant supplies, and if agreed between the customer and
the supplier, the test voltage cycle as specified in Figure 3 and Table 6 shall be applied to one of the
6
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
redundant supply lines at a time. The other supply or supplies shall then be kept at U as defined in
A
ISO 16750-1.
4.3.2.3 Requirements
Minimum functional status class B as defined in ISO 16750-1 is required during active operating modes.
For specific applications where there is a need for more stringent control of the voltage range (where
deviations outside of normal voltage range could be considered harmful for design reasons) functional
status class C as defined in ISO 16750-1 can be considered if agreed between the customer and the
supplier.
4.4 Superimposed alternating voltage
4.4.1 Purpose
This test is intended to check immunity of a component to ripples in the on-board system, caused, for
example, by an alternator or a DC/DC converter.
It specifies a conducted voltage test method and procedure for determining the immunity of electronic
components. The method is applied to all DUT power supply lines simultaneously. For a DUT with
redundant supplies, any combination of exposures shall be agreed between the customer and the
supplier.
The severity level 1, 2, 3 and 4 shall be chosen in accordance with the application, see Table 8.
This test is relevant for both 12 V and 24 V systems.
4.4.2 Test method
4.4.2.1 General
Figure 4 is showing a rough overview of the test voltage profile for min. and max. applied superimposed
alternating voltage, a more precise description of the voltage profile can be found in 4.4.2.2 and 4.4.2.3.
Key
t time, in seconds
U test voltage, in volts
U minimum supply voltage, in volts
Smin
U maximum supply voltage, in volts
Smax
U DC level of applied test voltage, in volts
0
U voltage ripple peak-to-peak value, in volts
pp
Figure 4 — Test profiles for Superimposed alternating voltage
7
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 16750-2:2023(E)
The values of U and U are selected according to code (A … H) in 4.2.2 (Table 3 and Table 4).
Smax Smin
Setup the test with reference to Table 7.
Table 7 — Test parameters for superimposed alternating voltage
U 12 V system 24 V system
N
Operating mode 3.2 3.2
Frequency range f : 10 Hz to 30 kHz f : 10 Hz to 30 kHz
1 1
f : 30 kHz to 200 kHz f : 30 kHz to 200 kHz
2 2
U U = U - U /2 U = U - U /2
0 0 Smax pp 0 Smax pp
U = U + U /2 U = U + U /2
0 Smin pp 0 Smin pp
Dwell time ≥ 2 s ≥ 2 s
Frequency step logarithmic 2 % logarithmic 2 %
Voltage ripple limit: U f : Severity level 1-3 f : Severity level 1-3
pp 1 1
f : Severity level 4 f : Severity level 4
2 2
Current limit: I f : 15 A f : 15 A
pp 1 1
f : 10 A f : 10 A
2 2
Requested test combina- See Table 8 See Table 8
tions
Number of cycles 1 test sequence for each test combina- 1 test sequence for each test combina-
tion tion
Table 8 — Severity level for test Superimposed alternating voltage
Severity level U Frequency range U
...