ISO/TC 22/SC 32/WG 3 - Electromagnetic compatibility

This document specifies test methods and procedures to ensure the compatibility to conducted electrical transients along shielded high voltage supply lines of equipment installed on passenger cars and commercial vehicles fitted with electrical systems with voltages higher than 60 V d.c. and lower than 1 500 V d.c. and a power supply isolated from the vehicle body. It describes bench tests for both, injection and measurement of transients. It is applicable to all types of electrical independent driven, road vehicles (e.g. battery electrical vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), plugin hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)).

This document specifies harness excitation test methods and procedures for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The bulk current injection (BCI) test method is based on current injection into the wiring harness using a current probe as a transformer where the harness forms the secondary winding. The tubular wave coupler (TWC) test method is based on a wave coupling into the wiring harness using the directional coupler principle. The TWC test method was developed for immunity testing of automotive components with respect to radiated disturbances in the GHz ranges (GSM bands, UMTS, ISM 2,4 GHz). It is best suited to small (with respect to wavelength) and shielded device under test (DUT), since in these cases the dominating coupling mechanism is via the harness. The electromagnetic disturbances considered in this document are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

This document specifies an absorber-lined shielded enclosure method for testing the immunity (off-vehicle radiation source) of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The device under test (DUT), together with the wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness), is subjected to an electromagnetic disturbance generated inside an absorber-lined shielded enclosure, with peripheral devices either inside or outside the enclosure. It is applicable only to disturbances from continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. See ISO 11452-1 for general test conditions.

ISO/TR 7637-5:2016 proposes extended definitions for pulse generators and verification methods necessary for harmonization of different generators used for pulse testing in accordance to ISO 7637‑2 to ensure the comparability and reproducibility of test results independent on generator types. It presents generator verification results based on current definitions of ISO 7637‑2, which shows significant differences depending on the used generator type and explains the technical background of the variances. ISO 7637-5:2016 is based on ISO 7637-1, ISO 7637-2 and ISO 7637-3.

ISO 11452-3:2016 specifies transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell tests for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 7637-3:2016 defines bench test methods to evaluate the immunity of devices under test (DUTs) to transient pulses coupled to lines other than supply lines. The test pulses simulate both fast and slow transient disturbances caused by the switching of inductive loads and relay contact bounce. The following three test methods are described in ISO 7637-3:2016: - capacitive coupling clamp (CCC) method; - direct capacitive coupling (DCC) method; - inductive coupling clamp (ICC) method. ISO 7637-3:2016 applies to road vehicles fitted with nominal 12 V or 24 V electrical systems. For transient pulses immunity, Annex B provides recommended test severity levels in line with the functional performance status classification (FPSC) principle described in ISO 7637‑1.

ISO 7637-1:2015 defines the basic terms relating to electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling used in the other parts of ISO 7637. It also gives general information on the whole ISO 7637 series.

ISO 11452-8:2015 specifies tests for electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor), to magnetic fields. These sources are classified into "internal magnetic field" (sources internal to the vehicle, e.g. vehicle electro-mechanical motors, actuators,...) and "external magnetic field" (sources external to the vehicle e.g. power transmission lines, generating stations,?). To perform this test, the device under test (DUT) is exposed to a magnetic disturbance field. The radiating loop method can be applied to small DUTs or to larger DUTs by positioning the coil in multiple locations. The Helmholtz coil is sometimes used as an alternative method. This technique is limited by the relationship between the size of the DUT and the size of the coils. The electromagnetic disturbances considered in this ISO 11452-8:2015 are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 11451-2:2015 specifies a method for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from off-vehicle radiation sources, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 11451-1:2015 specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines, and establishes the basic principles of the vehicle tests used in the other parts of ISO 11451, for determining the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz) is allowed for the immunity testing in this and the other parts of ISO 11451.

ISO 11452-1:2015 specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines, and establishes the basic principles of the component tests used in the other parts of ISO 11452 for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (d.c. and 15 Hz to 18 GHz) is allowed for the immunity testing of the components in this and in the other parts of ISO 11452.

ISO 11451-3:2015 specifies methods for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electromagnetic disturbances from on-board transmitters connected to an external antenna and portable transmitters with integral antennas, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).

ISO/TS 21609:2014 gives requirements and recommendations for the installation in road vehicles of radio frequency (RF) transmitting and receiving equipment, "in-road-vehicle" mounting kits for transportable and hand-held RF equipment, and ancillary equipment associated with these. As well as methods for installation, it establishes methods for minimizing the possibility of electromagnetic interference (EMI) between the installed equipment and the vehicle electrical and electronic systems.

ISO 11451-4:2013 specifies bulk current injection (BCI) test methods for testing the electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbance considered in ISO 11451-4:2013 is limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. ISO 11451-1 gives definitions, practical use and basic principles of the test methods.

ISO 11452-9:2012 specifies test methods and procedures for testing electromagnetic immunity to portable transmitters of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The device under test (DUT), together with the wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness), is subjected to an electromagnetic disturbance generated by portable transmitters inside an absorber-lined shielded enclosure, with peripheral devices either inside or outside the enclosure. The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 7637-2:2011 specifies test methods and procedures to ensure the compatibility to conducted electrical transients of equipment installed on passenger cars and commercial vehicles fitted with 12 V or 24 V electrical systems. It describes bench tests for both the injection and measurement of transients. It is applicable to all types of road vehicles independent of the propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition or diesel engine, electric motor). Function performance status classification for immunity to transients is also provided.

ISO 11452-11:2010 specifies a reverberation chamber method for testing the immunity (off-vehicle radiation source) of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, regardless of the propulsion system (i.e. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The device under test (DUT), together with the wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness), is subjected to an electromagnetic disturbance generated inside the reverberation chamber, with peripheral devices either inside or outside the chamber. It is applicable to disturbances from continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. The test is performed using the tuned mode method.

ISO 11452-10:2009 specifies a conducted voltage test method and procedure for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The method is applied to each individual device under test (DUT) lead and is applicable to all power and output leads, as well as low frequency analogue leads. The method is particularly useful in evaluating DUTs with acoustic or visible display functions. The disturbances considered in ISO 11452-10:2009 are limited to continuous narrowband electric voltage waveforms.

ISO 10605:2008 specifies the electrostatic discharge (ESD) test methods necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It applies to discharges in the following cases: ESD in assembly; ESD caused by service staff; ESD caused by occupants. ESD applied to the device under test (DUT) can directly influence the DUT. ESD applied to neighbouring parts can couple into supply and signal lines of the DUT in the vehicle and/or directly into the DUT. ISO 10605:2008 describes test procedures for evaluating both electronic modules on the bench and complete vehicles. It also describes a test procedure that classifies the ESD sensitivity of modules for packaging and handling. ISO 10605:2008 applies to all types of road vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). ISO 10605:2008 is based in part on IEC 61000-4-2 and describes vehicle-specific requirements. ISO 10605:2008 does not apply to pyrotechnic modules.

ISO 11452-7:2003 specifies a direct RF power injection test for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband electromagnetic energy, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The test method, which involves providing differential mode excitation to the DUT (device under test), is applicable to all DUT leads except RF Ground. Applicable over the frequency range 0,25 MHz to 500 MHz, the method can be used to predict the compatibility in the vehicle environment with respect to radiated and conducted RF energy, including conducted transient RF energy, and is especially useful as a means of isolating the susceptible circuits within a DUT and evaluating potential solutions.

ISO/TR 10305-2:2003 specifies techniques for calibrating electromagnetic field sensors and probes, excluding antennas, used in automotive testing for the measurement of magnetic fields at frequencies from 9 kHz to 40 GHz. In the automotive field, these field strength measuring devices are used for measurements specified in the various parts of ISO 11451 and ISO 11452.

ISO/TR 10305-1:2003 specifies techniques for calibrating field strength measuring devices used in automotive testing for the measurement of magnetic fields at frequencies greater than 0 Hz, for both EMC and human protection applications. It has been prepared by German experts using devices including capacitor or coil arrangements, TEM cells and antenna arrangements in absorber-lined chambers. In the automotive field, these field strength measuring devices are used for measurements specified in the various parts of ISO 11451 and ISO 11452.

This part of ISO 11452 specifies stripline tests for determining the immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical distrubances from narrowband electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). As the performance of these tests depends on the exposure of the equipment harness to a disturbance field, the applicability of this part of ISO 11452 is limited to equipment harnesses, which have a maximum diameter of one-third the stripline height or less. The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 7637-3:2007 establishes a bench top test for the evaluation of the immunity of devices under test (DUTs) to transient transmission by coupling via lines other than supply lines. The test transient pulses simulate both fast and slow transient disturbances, such as those caused by the switching of inductive loads and relay contact bounce. Three test methods are described in ISO 7637-3:2007: the capacitive coupling clamp (CCC) method; the direct capacitive coupling (DCC) method; and the inductive coupling clamp (ICC) method. Only one test method need be selected for slow transients and only one method need be selected for fast transients. ISO 7637-3:2007 applies to road vehicles fitted with nominal 12 V, 24 V or 42 V electrical systems. For transient immunity, Annex B provides recommended test severity levels in line with the functional performance status classification (FPSC) principle described in ISO 7637-1.

ISO 11451-3:2007 specifies methods for testing the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electromagnetic disturbances from on-board transmitters connected to an external antenna and portable transmitters with integral antennas, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).

ISO 11452-8:2007 specifies tests for the electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor), to magnetic fields generated by power transmission lines and generating stations and some powerful electrical equipment, such as motors. To perform this test, the device under test (DUT) is exposed to a magnetic disturbance field. The radiating loop method can be applied to small DUTs or to larger DUTs by positioning the coil in multiple locations. The Helmholtz coil is sometimes used as an alternative method. This technique is limited by the relationship between the size of the DUT and the size of the coils. The electromagnetic disturbances considered in ISO 11452-8:2007 are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. Immunity measurements of complete vehicles can generally only be carried out by the vehicle manufacturer for reasons including the high cost of an absorber-lined shielded enclosure preserving the secrecy of prototypes or the large number of different vehicle models. Consequently, for research, development and quality control, a laboratory measuring method is used by the vehicle manufacturer and equipment suppliers to test electronic components.

ISO 11452-4:2005 specifies bulk current injection (BCI) test methods for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered in ISO 11452-4 are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. See ISO 11452-1 for general test conditions.

ISO 11451-1:2005 specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines and establishes the basic principles of the vehicle tests used in the other parts of ISO 11451 for determining the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz) is allowed for the immunity testing in this and the other parts of ISO 11451.

ISO 11451-2:2005 specifies a vehicle test method for determining the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from off-vehicle radiation sources, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). It can also be readily applied to other types of vehicles. The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to narrowband electromagnetic fields.

ISO 11452-1:2005 specifies general conditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines and establishes the basic principles of the component tests used in the other parts of ISO 11452 for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz) is allowed for the immunity testing of the components in this and the other parts of ISO 11452.

ISO 11452-2:2004 specifies an absorber-lined shielded enclosure method for testing the immunity (off-vehicle radiation source) of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The device under test (DUT), together with the wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness) is subjected to an electromagnetic disturbance generated inside an absorber-lined shielded enclosure, with peripheral devices either inside or outside the enclosure. It is applicable only to disturbances from continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. See ISO 11452-1 for general test conditions.

This part of ISO 7637 defines the basic terms relating to electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling used in its other parts, and gives general information on the whole of ISO 7637 and common to all parts.