ISO/TC 107/SC 3 - Electrodeposited coatings and related finishes

This document specifies four electrographic tests for assessing the porosity of electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings for engineering, and decorative and protective purposes.

This document specifies the requirements and recommendations for electroless Ni-P-ceramic composite coatings applied from aqueous solutions onto metallic and non-metallic substrates. This document does not apply to ternary nickel alloys and nickel-boron ceramic composite coatings.

This document specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of metallic chromium, with or without undercoats, on ferrous and non-ferrous metals for engineering purposes. The coating designation provides a means of specifying the thickness of chromium appropriate for typical engineering applications.

ISO 2081:2018 specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel. It includes information to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater, and the requirements for heat treatment before and after electroplating. ISO 2081:2018 is not applicable to zinc coatings applied - to sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form, - to close-coiled springs, or - for purposes other than protective or decorative. ISO 2081:2018 does not specify requirements for the surface condition of the basis metal prior to electroplating with zinc. However, defects in the surface of the basis metal can adversely affect the appearance and performance of the coating. The coating thickness that can be applied to threaded components can be limited by dimensional requirements, including class or fit.

ISO 27830:2017 specifies the technical requirements of metallic and other inorganic coatings in order to develop consistent technical standards and establishes a standard format for designating the coatings. It applies to International Standards for electrodeposited, autocatalytic and vapour-deposited coatings. Detailed technical requirements for individual coatings are not given in this document, but can be found in the International Standards listed in the Bibliography. ISO 27830:2017 does not apply to thermally sprayed and porcelain enamel coatings.

ISO 2082:2017 specifies the requirements of electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary treatments on iron and steel. It includes information that is to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater, and describes coating requirements, including those for heat treatment before and after electroplating. It is not applicable to coatings applied - to sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form, - to close-coiled springs, or - for purposes other than protective, intrinsic lubricity, ductility, electrical conductivity and low contact resistance use. ISO 2082:2017 does not specify requirements for the surface condition of the basis metal prior to electrodeposition with cadmium. The coating thickness that can be applied to threaded components can be limited by dimensional requirements, including class or fit. Additional information on corrosion resistance, rinsing and drying, processing parts in bulk and dyeing of chromate conversion coatings is given in Annex C.

ISO 19487:2016 specifies the requirements for electrodeposited nickel-ceramics composite coatings applied to ferrous and non-ferrous basis metals for engineering purposes. In addition, it enables both providers and users to offer a consistent methodology to fabricate electrodeposited nickel-ceramics composite system. Nickel alloys or composites in which nickel content is less than 40 vol.% are outside the scope of this document. The designation provides a means of specifying the type of nickel composite coatings appropriate for engineering applications.

ISO 19598:2016 applies to electrodeposited zinc and zinc-alloy coatings on iron and steel with Cr(VI)-free passivation. The zinc-alloy coatings contain nickel or iron as alloying elements (referred to as zinc/nickel and zinc/iron coatings, respectively). The main purpose of the coatings or coating systems is protecting iron and steel components against corrosion. ISO 19598:2016 specifies - the designations to be used for the above coating systems, - the minimum corrosion resistance to be achieved in specified test procedures, and - the minimum coating thicknesses required.

ISO 1456:2009 specifies requirements for decorative nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper alloys, and to aluminium and aluminium alloys, to provide an attractive appearance and enhanced corrosion resistance. Coating designations are specified that differ in thickness and type, and guidance is given on selecting the coating designation appropriate for the service conditions to which the coated product will be exposed. ISO 1456:2009 does not specify the surface condition required by the basis metal prior to the coating process, and is not applicable to coatings on sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form nor to threaded fasteners or coil springs.

ISO 15726:2009 covers the requirements for electrodeposited zinc alloy coatings containing either nickel, cobalt or iron. It provides a method of designating the electrodeposited coatings, chromate conversion coatings and other supplementary treatments.

ISO 17334:2008 specifies the requirements for autocatalytic nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings applied over autocatalytic copper coatings to provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) or electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for parts fabricated from either plastics or metallic materials. ISO 17334:2008 does not apply to high-strength steels that are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement.

ISO 27831-1:2008 specifies processes for the cleaning of the surfaces of ferrous metals and their alloys to remove any irrelevant or unwanted deposits or other material at any stage of manufacture, storage or service and for the preparation of these surfaces for further treatment. It does not cover cleaning operations associated with the preliminary removal of heavy deposits of oil, grease or dirt accumulated during operational service, preparations for welding or the cleaning of electrical contacts. However, many of the processes included in this part of ISO 27831 may be used for these operations at the discretion of the users of this part of ISO 27831. It covers processes which are needed for the preparation of metal surfaces prior to the application of the following surface coatings: electrodeposited metal coatings; autocatalytic metal coatings (autocatalytic and displacement types); conversion coatings; hot-dipped coatings; sprayed metal coatings; diffusion coatings; coatings produced by vitreous enamelling; coatings produced by physical vapour deposition of aluminium and cadmium; powder coatings. It describes processes for carrying out the following treatments: degreasing; descaling; pickling; de-rusting; chemical smoothing; electropolishing. It relates the processes described above to the following metals: non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons; corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting steels.

ISO 27831-2:2008 specifies processes for the cleaning of the surfaces of non-ferrous metals and their alloys to remove any irrelevant or unwanted deposits or other material at any stage of manufacture, storage or service and for the preparation of these surfaces for further treatment. It does not cover cleaning operations associated with the preliminary removal of heavy deposits of oil, grease or dirt accumulated during operational service, preparations for welding or the cleaning of electrical contacts. It covers processes which are needed for the preparation of metal surfaces prior to the application of the following surface coatings: electrodeposited metal coatings; autocatalytic metal coatings (autocatalytic and displacement types); conversion coatings; anodic oxidation coatings; hot-dipped coatings; sprayed metal coatings; coatings produced by vitreous enamelling; coatings produced by physical vapour deposition of aluminium and cadmium; powder coatings. It describes processes for carrying out the following treatments: degreasing; descaling; pickling; etching; de-rusting; chemical smoothing; chemical polishing; electrobrightening; electropolishing; fluoride anodizing (for cleaning magnesium alloys). It relates the processes described above to the following metals: aluminium and aluminium alloys; copper and copper alloys; nickel alloys; titanium and titanium alloys; magnesium alloys; zinc-based alloys; tin and tin alloys; tungsten alloys; lead and lead alloys; zinc-, cadmium-, chromium- and gold-coated items.

ISO 27874:2008 specifies the requirements for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings for electrical, electronic and other engineering applications on metallic and non-metallic substrates. It also specifies test methods for measuring the properties of the coatings. Although this International Standard does not specify the condition, finish or surface roughness of the basis material prior to electroplating, the appearance and serviceability of electroplated gold or gold alloy coatings depends on the condition of the basis material. It is essential that the purchaser specify the surface finish and roughness of the basis material in order to conform to the product requirements. This International Standard does not apply to coatings on threaded articles or to coatings on sheet or strip in non-fabricated form.

ISO 4521:2008 specifies requirements for electroplated silver and silver alloy coatings for electrical, electronic and other engineering applications, including test methods. Engineering applications are defined as those in which the coating essentially serves a non-decorative purpose. Although ISO 4521:2008 does not specify the condition, finish or surface roughness of the basis material prior to electroplating, the appearance and serviceability of electroplated silver and silver alloy coatings depends on the condition of the basis material. It is essential that the purchaser specifies the surface finish and roughness of the basis material in order to conform to the product requirements. ISO 4521:2008 does not apply to coatings on screw threads or to coatings on sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form.

ISO 9588:2007 specifies procedures for reducing susceptibility, or degree of susceptibility, to hydrogen embrittlement that can arise in surface finishing processes. The heat-treatment procedures for iron or steel specified in ISO 9588:2007 have been shown to be effective in reducing the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. These heat-treatment procedures are used after surface finishing, but prior to any secondary conversion-coating operation. Stress-relief heat-treatment procedures applied after fabrication, but prior to surface finishing, are specified in ISO 9587. ISO 9588:2007 does not apply to fasteners.

ISO 9587:2007 establishes stress-relief requirements for high strength steels, in order to reduce their susceptibility or degree of susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement in subsequent pretreatment, electroplating, autocatalytic plating, chemical conversion and phosphating processes. This International Standard is applicable to steels of which the properties are not adversely affected by heat treatment at 190 0C to 230 0C or higher (see 6.2). The heat treatment procedures established in ISO 9587:2007 have been shown to be effective in reducing the susceptibility of steel having tensile strengths equal to or greater than 1 000 MPa and that have been machined, ground, cold-formed or cold-straightened subsequent to heat treatment. This heat treatment procedure is used prior to any operation capable of hydrogen charging the parts, such as the cleaning procedures prior to electroplating, autocatalytic plating and other chemical coating operations. ISO 9587:2007 does not apply to fasteners.

ISO 12683:2004 specifies the requirements for coatings of zinc that have been mechanically deposited on to fabricated metal articles to protect them from corrosion. It also describes the related test methods.

ISO 4526:2004 specifies requirements for electroplated nickel and nickel alloy coatings applied to ferrous and non-ferrous basis metals for engineering purposes. Binary nickel alloys in which nickel is a minor constituent are outside the scope of this International Standard. The designation provides a means of specifying the type and thickness of nickel and nickel alloy coatings appropriate for engineering applications.

ISO 4527:2003 specifies the requirements and test methods for autocatalytic nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings applied from aqueous solutions on to metallic substrates. This International Standard does not apply to autocatalytic nickel-boron alloy coatings, nickel-phosphorus composites and ternary alloys.

ISO 4525:2003 specifies requirements for decorative, electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium with and without copper undercoats on plastics materials. It permits the use of either a copper or ductile nickel undercoat to satisfy thermal cycle requirements.

This International Standard describes the requirements for automated, controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, ceramic shot or glass beads. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is usually not suitable for brittle materials. Handpeening and rotary flap-peening are specifically excluded. Shot-peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near surface layers of metallic articles, and changes the surface microstructure (including phase transformation), thereby controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or increasing the fatigue properties of unplated articles.

Specifies a method of boiling specimens in water of known electrical conductivity. Any increase in conductivity indicates residual salt and other conducting impurities.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 2179:1972). Specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of the intermetallic compound SnNi, with a composition of approximately 65 % (m/m) tin and 35 % (m/m) nickel. It does not apply to threaded components, coatings on cheet, stsrip or wire in the unfabricated form, coatings on coil springs, electroplating of steels with tensile strength greater than 1 000 MPa.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 2093:1973). Specifies requirements for coatings of nominally pure tin on fabricated metal articles. The coatings may be dull or bright. It does not apply to threaded components, tin-coated copper wire, coatings on semi-finished products, coatings on coil springs, coatings applied by chemical means, electroplating of steels with tensile strength greater than 1 000 MPa.

ISO 6158:2011 specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of hexavalent chromium, with or without undercoats, on ferrous and non-ferrous metals for engineering purposes. The coating designation provides a means of specifying the thickness of chromium appropriate for typical engineering applications.

ISO 2081:2008 specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel. It includes information to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater, and the requirements for heat treatment before and after electroplating. It is not applicable to zinc coatings applied to sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form, to close-coiled springs, or for purposes other than protective or decorative. ISO 2081:2008 does not specify requirements for the surface condition of the basis metal prior to electroplating with zinc. However, defects in the surface of the basis metal can adversely affect the appearance and performance of the coating. The coating thickness that can be applied to threaded components can be limited by dimensional requirements, including class or fit.

ISO 2082:2008 specifies the requirements of electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary treatments on iron and steel. It includes information that is to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater, and describes coating requirements, including those for heat treatment before and after electroplating. It is not applicable to coatings applied to sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form, to close-coiled springs, or for purposes other than protective, intrinsic lubricity, ductility, electrical conductivity and low contact resistance use. ISO 2082:2008 does not specify requirements for the surface condition of the basis metal prior to electrodeposition with cadmium. The coating thickness that can be applied to threaded components can be limited by dimensional requirements, including class or fit.

ISO 27830:2008 specifies the technical requirements of metallic and other inorganic coatings in order to develop consistent technical standards and establishes a standard format for designating the coatings. It applies to International Standards for electrodeposited, autocatalytic and vapour deposited coatings.

ISO 6158:2004 specifies requirements for electroplated coatings of chromium, with or without undercoats, on ferrous and non-ferrous metals for engineering purposes. The coating designation provides a means of specifying the thickness of chromium appropriate for typical engineering applications.

ISO 1456 specifies the requirements for decorative, electroplated nickel plus chromium, and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper alloys, and aluminium and aluminium alloys to provide an attractive appearance and enhanced corrosion resistance. Coating designations are specified that differ in thickness and type, and guidance is given in selecting the coating designation appropriate to the service conditions to which the coated product will be exposed.

ISO 1458 specifies requirements for nickel electrodeposited coatings that are applied to iron and steel, to zinc alloys, to copper or copper alloys, and to aluminium and aluminium alloys to provide an attractive appearance and corrosion resistance. In addition, it specifies requirements for copper plus nickel coatings applied to iron and steel, and to zinc alloys. Coating designations that differ in thickness and type are specified and guidance is given in selecting the coating appropriate to the service conditions to which the coated product will be exposed. ISO 1458 does not specify the surface condition required by the base metal prior to the coating process, and is not applicable to coatings on sheet strip or wire in the non-fabricated form nor to threaded fasteners or coil springs.

Specifies a method of boiling specimens in water having a known electrical conductivity. Any increase of the conductivity indicates residual salt or other conducting impurities.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 1458:1974). Specifies requirements for these electrodeposited coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, cooper and copper alloys, and aluminium and aluminium alloys to provide an attractive appearance and corrosion resistance. According to the service conditions several classes of coatings are distinguished.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 1456:1974) and ISO 1457:1974. Specifies requirements for these electrodeposited coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, cooper and copper alloys, and aluminium and aluminium alloys to provide an attractive appearance and corrosion resistance. According to the service conditions several classes of coatings are distinguished.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 2081:1973). Contains a caution because cadmium is toxic! ISO 2082 is not applicable to coatings applied to sheet, strip or wire in the unfabricated form, to close-coiled springs, for other than protective or decorative purposes. Includes information to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater and requirements for heat treatment. Coating thickness of threaded components: see ISO 4042.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 2081:1973). Is not applicable to coatings applied to sheet, strip or wire in the unfabricated form, to close-coiled springs, for other than protective or decorative purposes. Includes information to be supplied by the purchaser to the electroplater and requirements for heat treatment. Coating thickness of threaded components: see ISO 4042.

Specifies five electrographic tests for assessing the porosity of these gold and gold alloy coatings for engineering, and decorative and protective purposes. The methods are: cadmium sulfide paper test, nioxime paper test, dye-transfer paper test 1 and 2, and electrographic gelatine film test.

Applies to coatings for engineering, and decorative and protective purposes. Specifies general, removal of gold coating from basis metal and undercoats, fire assay, spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric methods and test report.

Specifies the burnishing test, the barrel burnishing test, the peel test, the bend test, the shear test, the shot peening test, and the thermal shock test for assessing the adhesion aof coatings for engineering, and decorative and protective purposes.

Specifies methods for the determination of the thickness of electrodeposited coatings for engineering, and decorative and protective purposes. The methods given here are considered to have an adequate accuracy when properly used with test specimens suitable for the particular method. If a referee method is required, it shall be selcted from the methods given in clauses 3 to 9 for local thickness and 10 and 11 for average thickness.