ISO/TC 39/SC 2 - Test conditions for metal cutting machine tools

This document specifies test procedures to evaluate the measuring performance of probing systems integrated with a numerically controlled machine tool. Test procedures for touch trigger probing systems and scanning probing systems operating in discrete-point measurement mode are specified in 7.1. Test procedures are specified for scanning probing systems in 7.2, for bore gauge systems in 7.3, for contacting tool measuring systems in 8.1, and for non-contacting tool measuring systems using the laser light barrier principle in 8.2. The evaluation of the performance of the machine tool, used as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), is outside the scope of this document. Such performance evaluation involves traceability issues, is strongly influenced by machine tool geometric accuracy and can, in addition to the machine tool probing system tests specified in this document, be evaluated according to ISO 10360-2 and ISO 10360-5. Descriptions of test procedures in this document are referred to machining centres. However, tests apply in principle to most NC machine tools.

This document specifies procedures for acceptance of metal-cutting machine tools based on the tests of their capability in machining a specified workpiece (i.e. indirect testing). It gives recommendations for test conditions, applicable measurement systems and the requirements for machine tools. This document is consistent with ISO 22514 (all parts) describing statistical methods for process management and deals with the specific application of those methods to machine tools and machining of a sample batch of test pieces. This document covers neither functional tests, which are generally carried out before testing the accuracy performance, nor the testing of the safety conditions of the machine tool. Annex A gives additional information related to statistical evaluation, Annexes B and C provide agreement and evaluations forms for short-term capability tests, while Annex D gives an example. NOTE 1 Direct testing aims to investigate individual machine tool properties, such as geometric or positioning accuracy. Short-term capability evaluation is meant to prove that a machine tool has the capability to fulfil a specific process task. It is, therefore, important to recognize that the short-term capability test is focused only on the manufactured product. This means that direct testing methods are more suited for the determination of error sources on the machine tool and for deriving constructive improvements of a machine tool that is used in a wide production spectrum; a short-term capability test is less suited for detection of error sources of the machine tool. Therefore, it is expected that short-term capability evaluation for the acceptance of metal-cutting machine tools in machining processes be primarily carried out on workpiece-dependent special-purpose machines, e.g. working stations of transfer lines, with a process-determined cycle time of less than 10 min, so that at least 50 workpieces are manufactured in one shift as the statistical uncertainty increases strongly for a smaller number. In principle, short-term capability evaluation can also be performed on universal machine tools, such as machining centres used for large batch production if they meet the above-mentioned statistical requirements. NOTE 2 The term “short-term capability”, which is a widely used term in machine tool industry, corresponds to the term “process performance index” specified in ISO 3534-2:2006 for normal distribution.

This document provides methods for the determination of the contouring performance of numerically controlled machine tools. This document specifies methods of testing and evaluating the bi-directional circular error, the mean bi-directional radial error, the circular error and the radial error of circular paths that are produced by the simultaneous movements of two linear axes. This document also specifies methods of testing the deviations of the circular or constant radius trajectories generated by any combination of simultaneously controlled (coordinated) linear and rotary axes. The basic principle of these tests is to coordinate the multiple axes of motion (combination of rotary and linear axes) to keep the relative position between the tool and the workpiece constant. This document describes differences between circular errors and radial errors (Annex A), influences of typical machine errors on circular paths executed with two linear axes (Annex B), precautions for test set-ups for circular tests with rotary axes (Annex C), an example of adjustment of diameter and contouring speed for circular tests (Annex D), and circular tests using feedback signal (Annex E).

This document defines four tests: — an environmental temperature variation error (ETVE) test; — a test for thermal distortion caused by rotating spindles; — a test for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes; — a test for thermal distortion caused by rotary motion of components. The tests for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes (see Clause 7) are applicable to numerically controlled (NC) machines only and are designed to quantify the effects of thermal expansion and contraction as well as the angular deformation of structures. For practical reasons, the test methods described in Clause 7 apply to machines with linear axes up to 2 000 mm in length. If they are used for machines with axes longer than 2 000 mm, a representative length of 2 000 mm in the normal range of each axis is chosen for the tests. The tests correspond to the drift test procedure as described in ISO/TR 16015:2003, A.4.2, applied for machine tools with special consideration of thermal distortion of moving linear components and thermal distortion of moving rotary components. On machine tools equipped with compensation for thermal effects these tests demonstrate any uncertainty in nominal thermal expansion due to uncertainty of coefficient of thermal expansion and any uncertainty of length due to temperature measurement.

This document specifies, with reference to the ISO 230 series, some families of tests for accessory spindle heads used on machining centres or numerically controlled milling machines, etc., where applicable, with horizontal spindle (i.e. horizontal Z-axis). The tests considered in this document are also applicable to manual indexing heads. This document establishes the tolerances or maximum acceptable values for the test results corresponding to general purpose and normal accuracy spindle heads used on different types of machines. This document specifies several sets of procedures for geometric tests which can be carried out on different types of spindle heads for comparison, acceptance, maintenance, adjustments or any other purpose. Grinding heads and facing heads are not included in the scope of this document. This document deals only with the verification of geometric and positioning accuracy of the accessory spindle heads and does not apply to: — the testing of the machine's head(s) operation (e.g. vibration, abnormal sound noise level, stick slip motion of components); — the machine's spindle head(s) characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds and accelerations) which are generally checked separately; or — the verification of the machining capability under power. Tests concerning the accuracy of finished test pieces are dealt with in other ISO standards.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, the geometric tests on normal accuracy numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and turning centres with horizontal work spindles as defined in 3.1 and 3.2. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. Where applicable, this document also applies to horizontal spindle turret and single spindle automatic lathes. This document explains different concepts or configurations and common features of NC turning machines and turning centres. It also provides a terminology and designation of controlled axes. This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such are checks generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑7, the geometric tests for general-purpose normal accuracy numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and turning centres with vertical workholding spindles, as well as the corresponding applicable tolerances. This document explains different concepts or configurations and common features of NC turning machines and turning centres with vertical workholding spindles. It also provides a terminology and designation of controlled axes (see Figures 1, 2 and Table 1). This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds). Tests not concerning the geometric accuracy of the machine are dealt with in other parts of ISO 13041.

This document provides information on how to assess the severity of machine tool spindle vibrations measured on the spindle housing. It gives specific guidance for assessing the severity of vibration measured on the spindle housing at customer sites or at the machine tool manufacturer's test facilities. Its vibration criteria apply to gear-driven spindles intended for stationary machine tools with nominal operating speeds between 600 r/min and 12 000 r/min. It is applicable to those spindles of the rolling bearing types only, to spindles assembled on metal cutting machine tools, and for testing, periodic verification, and continuous monitoring. It does not address: — geometrical accuracy of axes of rotation (see ISO 230‑7); — unacceptable cutting performance with regards to surface finish and accuracy; — vibration severity issues of machine tool spindles operating at speeds below 600 r/min or exceeding 12 000 r/min (due to lack of supporting vibration data); or — frequency domain analyses such as fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses, envelope analyses or other similar techniques. Annex A presents an introduction to alternative bearing condition assessment techniques.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, the geometric tests on numerically controlled (NC) broaching machines of normal accuracy, with vertical axis acting for cutting operation. The accuracy of rotary axes, if available, is checked with reference to ISO 230-7. This document also specifies, with reference to ISO 230-2, the positioning tests on vertical surface type broaching machines for both linear and rotary axes. This document proposes test pieces containing broached slots and grooves with reference to ISO 230-1, cutting tests under finishing conditions. It also specifies the characteristics and dimensions of the test pieces themselves. This document is intended to supply minimum requirements for assessing the cutting accuracy of the machine. This document also establishes the tolerances for the test results corresponding to general purpose and normal accuracy vertical surface type broaching machines equipped with numerical control. This document explains different concepts or configurations and common features of NC vertical surface type broaching machines which are normally used in the manufacturing of turbine disks. It also provides a terminology and designation of controlled axes with reference to ISO 841. This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the broaching machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components), nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

This document specifies, by reference to the relevant parts of ISO 230, several families of tests for machining centres with horizontal or vertical spindle or with universal heads of different types, standing alone, or integrated in flexible manufacturing systems. This document also establishes the tolerances or maximum acceptable values for the test results corresponding to general purpose and normal accuracy machining centres. This document is also applicable, totally or partially, to numerically controlled milling and boring machines, when their configuration, components, and movements are compatible with the tests described herein. This document specifies standard test pieces with reference to ISO 230-1, cutting tests under finishing conditions. It also specifies the characteristics and dimensions of the test pieces themselves. This document is intended to supply minimum requirements for assessing the cutting accuracy of the machining centres with 3 to 5 simultaneous machining axes. Annex A introduces a freeform test piece for five-axis machining centres. This machining test is applied to machining centres using five-axis flank milling of freeform surfaces.

The document specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-2, geometric tests, machining tests and tests for accuracy and repeatability of positioning axes on general purpose and normal accuracy manually and numerically controlled (NC) external cylindrical centreless grinding machines. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. This document deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) nor to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which are generally checked before testing of machine accuracy. This document provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841. NOTE In addition to the terms used in the official ISO languages (English and French), this document gives the equivalent terms in the German, Italian, Japanese, and Persian languages. These are published under the responsibility of the national member bodies for Germany (DIN), Italy (UNI), Japan (JIS), and Iran (ISIRI). However, only the terms given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1, the geometric tests on internal type broaching machines with horizontal Z-axis providing the main cutting motion. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the tests mentioned above for normal-accuracy horizontal internal type broaching machines. This document explains concepts or configurations and common features of horizontal internal type broaching machines. It also provides related terminology and designation of axes. It deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components), nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1, the geometric tests on surface type broaching machines with vertical Z-axis providing the main cutting motion. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the tests mentioned above for normal-accuracy vertical surface type broaching machines. This document explains different concepts or configurations and common features of vertical surface type broaching machines. It also provides related terminology and designation of axes. This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the broaching machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the broaching machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components), nor to broaching machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1, the geometric tests on vertical internal type broaching machines with vertical Z-axis providing the main cutting motion. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the tests mentioned above for normal-accuracy vertical internal type broaching machines. This document explains concepts or configurations and common features of vertical internal type broaching machines. It also provides related terminology and designation of axes. This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the broaching machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components), nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, geometrical tests on general purpose and normal accuracy box type vertical drilling machines. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above‐mentioned tests. This document deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which are generally checked before testing of machine accuracy.

The aim of this document is to document the characteristics of precision measuring instruments for testing the geometric accuracy of machine tools, operating either under no-load or under quasi-static conditions. Where necessary, reference is made to the appropriate International Standards. The measuring instruments for operational testing of machine tools [vibrations (ISO/TR 230‑8), noise (ISO 230‑5), stick-slip motion of components, etc.] as well as instruments for checking of other characteristics of machine tools (speeds, feeds, temperature) are not covered in this document. The measuring instruments for checking of workpiece geometry (size, form, etc.) are not covered by this document either. This document has list style construction for ease of search and identification of each instrument's characteristics. Sources of uncertainty of instruments and measurements are described in this document for more accurate measurement procedures.

ISO/TR 17243-2:2017 information on how to assess the severity of machine tool spindle vibrations measured on the spindle housing. It gives specific guidance for assessing the severity of vibration measured on the spindle housing at customer sites or at the machine tool manufacturer's test facilities. Its vibration criteria apply to direct-driven spindles and belt-driven spindles intended for stationary machine tools with nominal operating speeds between 600 r/min and 30 000 r/min. It is applicable to those spindles of the rolling element bearing types only, to spindles assembled on metal cutting machine tools, and for testing, periodic verification, and continuous monitoring. It does not address - geometrical accuracy of axes of rotation (see ISO 230‑7), - unacceptable cutting performance with regards to surface finish and accuracy, - vibration severity issues of machine tool spindles operating at speeds below 600 r/min or exceeding 30 000 r/min (due to lack of supporting vibration data and limitations in many vibration measurement instruments), or - frequency domain analyses such as fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses, envelope analyses or other similar techniques. Annex A presents an introduction to alternative bearing condition assessment techniques.

ISO 3070-2:2016 specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1, ISO 230‑7 and ISO 230‑2, geometric tests, spindle tests and tests for checking the accuracy and repeatability of positioning by numerical control of horizontal spindle boring and milling machines having a movable column along the X-axis and also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to general-purpose, normal accuracy machines. This type of machines are usually provided with sliding boring spindles and can be provided with universal spindle heads of the following types, whose test conditions are covered by ISO 17543‑1: - fixed or indexable heads, with accessory spindle(s) square to the Z-axis, with or without one spindle parallel to the Z-axis; - 45° split indexable heads, with mechanical indexing of the different angular positions of the two bodies (e.g. Hirth couplings); - 45° split continuous heads, provided with continuous positioning of the two numerically controlled axes; - swivel heads, with two numerically controlled rotary axes perpendicular to each other. Test conditions for accessory facing heads are specified in Annex B. ISO 3070-2:2016 concerns machines having movement of the column on the bed (X-axis), vertical movement of the spindle head on the column (Y-axis), axial movement of the ram (Z-axis), axial movement of the boring spindle (W-axis), and, in most cases, one or more tables moving on a bed parallel to the spindle (R-axis) and rotating around a vertical axis (B-axis). ISO 3070-2:2016 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds), as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

ISO 230-7:2015 is aimed at standardizing methods of specification and test of the geometric accuracy of axes of rotation used in machine tools. Spindle units, rotary heads, and rotary and swivelling tables of machine tools constitute axes of rotation, all having unintended motions in space as a result of multiple sources of errors. ISO 230-7:2015 covers the following properties of rotary axes: - axis of rotation error motion; - speed-induced axis shifts. The other important properties of rotary axes, such as thermally induced axis shifts and environmental temperature variation-induced axis shifts, are dealt with in ISO 230‑3. ISO 230-7:2015 does not cover the following properties of spindles: - angular positioning accuracy (see ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑2); - run-out of surfaces and components (see ISO 230‑1); - tool holder interface specifications; - inertial vibration measurements (see ISO/TR 230‑8); - noise measurements (see ISO 230‑5); - rotational speed range and accuracy (see ISO 10791‑6 and ISO 13041‑6); - balancing measurements or methods (see ISO 1940‑1 and ISO 6103); - idle run loss (power loss); - thermal effects (see ISO 230‑3).

ISO/TR 16907:2015 provides information for the understanding and the application of numerical compensation of geometric errors for numerically controlled machine tools including: - terminology associated with numerical compensation; - representation of error functions output from different measuring methods; - identification and classification of compensation methods as currently applied by different CNCs; - information for the understanding and application of different numerical compensations. ISO/TR 16907:2015 does not provide a detailed description of geometric errors measurement techniques that are specified in ISO 230 (all parts) and in machine tool specific performance evaluation standards and it is not meant to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical background on the existing technologies. ISO/TR 16907:2015 focuses on geometric errors of machine tools operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions. Errors resulting from the application of dynamic forces as well as other errors that might affect the finished part quality (e.g. tool wear) are not considered in this Technical Report. Deformations due to changing static load by moving axes are considered in 7.4.2.

ISO 1985:2015 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-7, both geometric and machining tests on general purpose, normal accuracy, manually, and numerically controlled (NC) surface grinding machines with reciprocating table and vertical grinding wheel spindle. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 1985:2015 is not applicable to surface grinding machines with fixed or rotating tables or to machines having longitudinal traverse of the wheelhead. ISO 1985:2015 deals only with the verification of the geometric accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.), nor to the checking of its characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before testing the accuracy. ISO 1985:2015 provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841:2001.

ISO 13041-5:2015 specifies, with references to ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑4, certain kinematic tests for numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and turning centres, concerning the spindle speeds, the feed speeds of the individual NC linear axes, and the accuracy of the paths described by the simultaneous movement of two or more NC linear and/or rotary axes. NOTE This part of ISO 13041 applies to numerically-controlled turning machines and turning centres with horizontal, vertical, and inverted vertical type workholding spindle(s).

ISO 14137:2015, with reference to ISO 230‑1, ISO 230‑2, and ISO 230‑4, geometric tests, tests of accuracy and repeatability of numerically controlled positioning axes, machining test and circular test for general purpose and normal-accuracy wire electro-discharge machines (wire EDM). It also specifies the applicable tolerances, corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 14137:2015 is applicable to cross-slide table type machines and double-column type machines. ISO 14137:2015 deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) nor to the checking of its characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before the testing of the accuracy. ISO 14137:2015 provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841.

ISO 10791-1:2015 specifies, with reference to ISO 230 1, the geometric tests for machining centres (or other numerically controlled machines, where applicable) with horizontal spindle (i.e. horizontal Z-axis). It applies to machining centres having three numerically controlled linear axes (X-axis up to 5 000 mm length, Y-axis up to 3 200 mm length, and Z-axis up to 2 000 mm length), but refers also to supplementary movements, such as those of rotary, tilting, and swivelling tables. Movements other than those mentioned are considered as special features and the relevant tests are not included. It takes into consideration four possible types of tables, fixed and rotary: horizontal non-rotating tables; tables rotating around a vertical B'-axis; tables rotating around a vertical B'-axis and tilting around a horizontal A'-axis; tables rotating around a horizontal A'-axis and swivelling around a vertical B'-axis. It does not consider accessory spindle heads, which are covered by ISO 17543-1. ISO 10791-1:2015 deals only with the verification of geometric accuracy of the machine and does not apply to the testing of the machine operation, which should generally be checked separately. Tests not concerning the pure geometric accuracy of the machine are dealt with in other parts of ISO 10791.

ISO 10791-6:2014 specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑4, certain kinematic tests for machining centres, concerning spindle speeds, feed and the accuracy of the paths described by the simultaneous movement of two or more numerically controlled (NC) linear and/or rotary axes. It applies to machining centres having three linear axes (X, Y, and Z) and additionally one or two rotary axes (A, B, or C). Movements other than those mentioned are considered as special features and the relevant tests are not included in this part of ISO 10791. It deals only with the verification of kinematic accuracy of the machine and does not apply to the testing of the machine operation, e.g. vibrations, abnormal noises, etc., which should generally be checked separately. The tests described in ISO 10791-6:2014 are also applicable, totally or partially, subject to specific agreement between the manufacturer/supplier and the user, to numerically controlled milling and boring machines, when their configuration, components, and movements are compatible with the tests described therein.

ISO 11090-2:2014 specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑2, geometric and machining tests and tests for checking accuracy and repeatability of numerically controlled positioning axes for normal accuracy and general-purpose die sinking electro-discharge machines (die sinking EDM). It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 11090-2:2014 is applicable to double-column machines of slide-head type. ISO 11090-2:2014 deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to the checking of its characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before the testing of the accuracy. ISO 11090-2:2014 provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841:2001. NOTE In addition to the terms used in the official ISO languages (English and French), Annex A of this part of ISO 11090 gives the equivalent terms in the Dutch, German, Italian, Swedish, Persian, and Japanese languages. These are published under the responsibility of the national member bodies for Netherlands (NEN), Germany (DIN), Italy (UNI), Sweden (SIS), Iran (ISIRI), and Japan (JISC). However, only the terms given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms.

ISO 11090-1: 2014 specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1 and ISO 230‑2, geometric and machining tests and tests for checking accuracy and repeatability of numerically controlled positioning axes for normal accuracy and general-purpose die sinking electro-discharge machines (die sinking EDM). It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 11090-1: 2014is also applicable to single-column machines of cross-slide table type and fixed table type. ISO 11090-1: 2014deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to the checking of its characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before the testing of the accuracy. ISO 11090-1: 2014provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841:2001. NOTE In addition to the terms used in the official ISO languages (English and French), Annex A of this part of ISO 11090 gives the equivalent terms in the Dutch, German, Italian, Swedish, Persian, and Japanese languages. These are published under the responsibility of the national member bodies for Netherlands (NEN), Germany (DIN), Italy (UNI), Sweden (SIS), Iran (ISIRI), and Japan (JISC). However, only the terms given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms.

ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 provides information on how to assess the severity of machine tool spindle vibrations measured on the spindle housing. The vibration criteria provided in this part of ISO/TR 17243 apply to spindles with integral drive intended for stationary machine tools with nominal operating speeds between 600 min−1 and 30 000 min−1. This part of ISO/TR 17243 only applies to spindles with rolling element bearing types. ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 applies to spindles assembled on metal cutting machine tools. ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 is applicable for testing, periodic verification, and continuous monitoring. Spindles with bearing types other than rolling element bearings are excluded from this part of ISO/TR 17243. ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 does not address geometrical accuracy of axes of rotation (see ISO 230‑7). ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 does not address unacceptable cutting performance with regards to surface finish and accuracy. ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 does not address vibration severity issues of machine tool spindles operating at speeds below 600 min−1 or exceeding 30 000 min−1 due to lack of supporting vibration data and limitations in many vibration measurement instruments. Also, due to lack of data, machine tool spindles with bearing types other than rolling element bearings are excluded from this part of ISO/TR 17243. ISO/TR 17243-1: 2014 does not address frequency domain analyses such as fast fourier transform (FFT) analyses, envelope analyses, or other similar techniques.

ISO 1986-1:2014 specifies, with reference to ISO 230‑1, both geometric and machining tests on general purpose and normal accuracy surface grinding machines with reciprocating table up to 1 600 mm table length and horizontal grinding wheel spindle. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. It is not applicable to surface grinding machines with fixed or rotating tables or to machines having longitudinal traverse of the wheelhead. ISO 1986-1:2014 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine; it does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibrations, abnormal noises, stick-slip motion of components, etc.), nor to the machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before testing the accuracy. ISO 1986-1:2014 provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and indicates the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841.

ISO 230-2:2014 specifies methods for testing and evaluating the accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled machine tool axes by direct measurement of individual axes on the machine. These methods apply equally to linear and rotary axes. ISO 230-2:2014 can be used for type testing, acceptance tests, comparison testing, periodic verification, machine compensation, etc. The methods involve repeated measurements at each position. The related parameters of the test are defined and calculated. Their uncertainties are estimated as described in ISO/TR 230-9:2005, Annex C.

ISO 230-1:2012 specifies methods for testing the accuracy of machine tools, operating either under no-load or under quasi-static conditions, by means of geometric and machining tests. The methods can also be applied to other types of industrial machines. It covers power-driven machines, which can be used for machining metal, wood, etc., by the removal of chips or swarf material or by plastic deformation. It does not cover power-driven portable hand tools. ISO 230-1:2012 relates to the testing of geometric accuracy. It is not applicable to the operational testing of the machine tool (vibrations, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to the checking of characteristics (speeds, feeds). It does not cover the geometric accuracy of high-speed machine motions where machining forces are typically smaller than acceleration forces.

ISO/TR 230-8:2010 is concerned with the different types of vibration that can occur between the tool-holding part and the workpiece-holding part of a machine tool. (For simplicity, these will generally be referred to as “tool” and “workpiece”, respectively.) These are vibrations that can adversely influence the production of both an acceptable surface finish and an accurate workpiece. It is not aimed primarily at those who have expertise in vibration analysis and who routinely carry out such work in research and development environments. It does not, therefore, replace standard textbooks on the subject.. It is, however, intended for manufacturers and users alike with general engineering knowledge in order to enhance their understanding of the causes of vibration by providing an overview of the relevant background theory. It also provides basic measurement procedures for evaluating certain types of vibration problems that can beset a machine tool: vibrations occurring as a result of mechanical unbalance; vibrations generated by the operation of the machine's linear slides; vibrations transmitted to the machine by external forces; vibrations generated by the cutting process including self-excited vibrations (chatter). Additionally, this report discusses the application of artificial vibration excitation for the purpose of structural analysis.

ISO 13041-6:2009 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, a series of cutting tests, under finishing conditions, of standard test pieces. It also specifies the characteristics and dimensions of the test pieces themselves. ISO 13041-6:2009 is intended to supply minimum requirements for assessing the cutting accuracy of the machine.

ISO 13041-3:2009 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-7, the geometric tests on general‑purpose, numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and turning centres with inverted vertical workholding spindles, as well as the corresponding applicable tolerances. It presents the different concepts or configurations and common features of NC turning machines and turning centres with inverted vertical spindles. It also provides a terminology and designation of controlled axes. ISO 13041-3:2009 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components), nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds), as such checks are generally carried out before testing accuracy.

ISO 8636-2:2007 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, ISO 230-2, and ISO 230-7, geometric tests, machining tests, and tests for checking accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled axes for general-purpose normal accuracy bridge-type milling machines with a travelling bridge (gantry-type). ISO 8636-2:2007 also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 8636-2:2007 is applicable to machines with travelling bridge and fixed table. It does not include single-column (open sided) machines and those with fixed bridge and moving tables. ISO 8636-2:2007 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) nor to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be checked before testing the accuracy. ISO 8636-2:2007 provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machines and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841.

ISO 3070-3:2007 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-2, geometric tests, machining tests and tests for checking the accuracy and repeatability of positioning by numerical control of general purpose, normal accuracy, horizontal spindle boring and milling machines having a movable column and movable table. ISO 3070‑3:2007 also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to these tests. ISO 3070-3:2007 concerns machines having movement of the column or column saddle on the bed (X axis), vertical movement of the spindle head (Y axis), movement of the boring spindle or ram (Z axis) and, possibly, a feed movement of radial facing slide in the facing head (U-axis). Some machines also have an intermediate saddle with slideway between column and bed to achieve additional movement of the column parallel to the spindle axis (W-axis). ISO 3070-3:2007 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds), as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

ISO 3070-1-1:2007 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-2, geometric tests, machining tests and tests for checking the accuracy and repeatability of positioning by numerical control of general purpose, normal accuracy, horizontal spindle boring and milling machines having a fixed column and movable table. ISO 3070-1:2007 also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to these tests. ISO 3070-1:2007 concerns machines having have both longitudinal (Z axis) and transverse (X axis) movement of the table, a vertical movement of the spindle head (Y axis), movement of the boring spindle or ram (W axis) and, possibly, a feed movement of radial facing slide in the facing head (U axis), and that may include a rotary or indexing table. ISO 3070-1:2007 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds), as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

ISO 10791-10:2007 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-3, tests for the evaluation of thermal distortions of the machine structure and positioning system, up to 2 000 mm in length, of machining centres. It gives three test methods: environmental temperature variation error, thermal distortion caused by rotating spindle, and thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes. There is no intention of assigning any numerical tolerances associated with the tests specified.

ISO/TR 230-9:2005 provides information on a possible estimation of measurement uncertainties for measurements according to ISO 230.

ISO 1701-1:2004 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, both geometric and machining tests on general purpose, normal accuracy, horizontal-spindle milling machines with table of variable height. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 1701-1:2004 deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the running of the machine (vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components, etc.), nor to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.

ISO 1701-2:2004 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, both geometric and machining tests on general purpose, normal accuracy, vertical-spindle milling machines with table of variable height. It also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. ISO 1701-2:2004 deals only with the verification of accuracy of the machine, and it does not apply to the testing of the running of the machine (vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which should generally be carried out before testing the accuracy.

ISO 13041-7:2004 describes a method of checking the contouring performance of turning centres (or numerically controlled turning) by conducting circular tests and by evaluating the radial deviation F, and circular deviation G, in accordance with ISO 230-4:1996. The concept of checks by circular tests described in ISO 13041-7:2004 is to verify the circular movement only in one position per coordinate plane of the machine, at only one feed rate, and to repeat the test once in the opposite contouring direction.

ISO 13041-4:2004 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-2:1997, the tolerances which apply to the positioning tests for linear axes, up to 2 000 mm in length, and rotary axes of numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres. ISO 13041-4:2004 does not deal with environmental conditions, warm-up of the machine and measuring methods already described in ISO 230-2:1997.

ISO 13041-8:2004 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-3, the tests which apply for the evaluation of thermal distortions of the machine structure and positioning system, up to 2 000 mm in length, of numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and turning centres. ISO 13041-8:2004 defines three tests which are: the environmental temperature-variation error test, the test for thermal distortion caused by a rotating spindle, and the test for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes

This part of ISO 230 specifies diagonal displacement tests which allow the estimation of the volumetric performance of a machine tool. Complete testing of the volumetric performance of a machine tool is a difficult and time-consuming process. Diagonal displacement tests reduce the time and cost associated with testing the volumetric performance. A diagonal displacement test is not in itself a diagnostic test, although conclusions of a diagnostic nature may sometimes be possible from the results. In particular, when face diagonal tests are included, a direct measurement of the axes squareness is possible. Diagonal displacement tests on body diagonals may be supplemented by tests in the face diagonals, by tests parallel to the machine axes in accordance with ISO 230-2, or by the evaluation of the contouring performance in the three coordinate planes as defined in ISO 230-4. Diagonal displacement tests may be used for acceptance purposes and as reassurance of machine performance where parameters of the test are used as comparison index.