ISO/TC 46 - Information and documentation

This document establishes concepts and principles for Information Governance. This document applies to the governance of the organisation's past, current and future information assets. It applies to organisations of all sizes in all sectors, including public and private companies, government entities, and not-for-profit organisations.

This document gives guidance for the implementation of an MSR in accordance with ISO 30301. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 30301. It describes the activities to be undertaken when designing, implementing and monitoring an MSR. This document is intended to be used by any organization, or across organizations, implementing an MSR. It is applicable to all types of organization (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, non-profit organizations) of all sizes. This document is intended to be used by those responsible for leading the implementation and maintenance of the MSR. It can also help top management in making decisions on the establishment, scope and implementation of management systems in their organization.

This document provides a code for the presentation of names of scripts. The codes were devised for use in terminology, lexicography, bibliography, and linguistics, but they can be used for any application requiring the expression of scripts in coded form. This document also includes guidance on the use of script codes in some of these applications.

This document specifies the competence requirements for personnel involved in the audit and certification process for management systems for records (MSR). It complements the existing requirements of ISO/IEC 17021-1. NOTE This document is applicable for auditing and certification of MSR based on ISO 30301. It can also be used for other MSR applications.

This document specifies the transactions between libraries or libraries and other agencies to handle requests for library items and the following exchange of messages.

ISO 10957:2009 specifies the International standard music number (ISMN), which is a means of uniquely identifying editions of notated music. It specifies the assignment of a unique ISMN on such editions so as to distinguish one edition of a title or one separate component of an edition from all other editions. ISO 10957:2009 also specifies the construction of an ISMN and its location on editions of notated music. ISO 10957:2009 is applicable to editions of notated music. The ISMN can also be used to identify editions of notated music that are presented with other media to form an integrated whole (e.g. an edition that, together with a sound recording, forms a single product). The ISMN is not suitable for the identification of material in other media that are issued separately, such as sound or audiovisual products (e.g. CDs or DVDs), for which other standards such as ISO 3901 (International Standard Recording Code) and ISO 15706 (International Standard Audiovisual Number) are applicable. The ISMN is not suitable for the identification of the products themselves (CDs or DVDs), for which the European article numbering (EAN) 13-digit bar code can be used.

This document establishes a framework for defining metadata elements consistent with the principles and implementation considerations outlined in ISO 23081-1. The purpose of this framework is to: a) enable standardized description of records and critical contextual entities for records; b) provide common understanding of fixed points of aggregation to enable interoperability of records and information relevant to records between organizational systems; and c) enable reuse and standardization of metadata for managing records over time, space and across applications. It further identifies some of the critical decision points that need to be addressed and documented to enable implementation of metadata for managing records. It aims to: — identify the issues that need to be addressed in implementing metadata for managing records; — identify and explain the various options for addressing the issues; and — identify various paths for making decisions and choosing options in implementing metadata for managing records.

This document describes a set of principles, guidelines, and requirements for the preparation of bibliographic references and citations in works that are not themselves primarily bibliographical. It is applicable to bibliographic references and citations for all kinds of information resources, including but not limited to monographs, serials, contributions within monographs and serials, patents, cartographic materials, artworks, performances and diverse electronic resources, such as research datasets, databases, programs and applications, Web archives and social media, music, recorded sound, prints, photographs, graphic and audio-visual materials, archival sources and moving images. This document provides a system for citing information resources that renders deterministic output, such that a citation generated by this system can be uniquely mapped back to the originally defined set of source elements. This system is intended to be applicable across multiple languages. Citations generated by this system are machine-parseable. The citation system described in this document can be used as a configurable framework for building citation styles. This document does not specify a data model for machine‑readable citations, although such specification may be provided in a separate document or added to a later edition of ISO 690. Guidelines for legal citations, such as references to cases, statutes or treatises, are not addressed in this document, since such guidelines are usually country-specific1. Recommendations with regards to what kind of information resources may or may not be cited, or describing the risks involved with, for example, citing social media, are not within the scope of this document2. 1 For example, the ALWD Guide to Legal Citation, and Bluebook, are commonly used in the USA depending on jurisdiction acceptance. 2 Academic institutions or scientific publishers may not accept references for some information resources such as Wikipedia articles for research papers and other scientific documents.

This document describes a method for analysing imaging systems quality in the area of cultural heritage imaging. The method described analyses multiple imaging systems quality characteristics from a single image of a specified test target. The specification states which characteristics are measured, how they are measured, and how the results of the analysis need to be presented. This specification applies to scanners and digital cameras used for digitization of cultural heritage material. NOTE This document addresses imaging of reflective originals, a future part two will address imaging of transparent originals.

This document specifies guidelines for the archives community on the collection and reporting of statistics for the following purposes: — strategic planning and internal management of archives; — aggregating and comparing operational and performance statistics at regional, national, and international levels; — reporting to stakeholders such as funding institutions, politicians, researchers, and the general public; — promoting the role and value of archives for advancing learning and research, education and culture, and social and economic life; — improving the management of processes, reinforcing transparency and supporting good governance. This document does not apply to records centres responsible for records that are still in the legal custody of the organization that created or received them, although it is recognized that some archives also have responsibilities for appraising, acquiring, and managing the current records of organizations that can or not be transferred to the archives for permanent retention. When applying this document to archives that also perform records management functions, the archives can exclude statistics that pertain to its records management functions, including measures pertaining to holdings and their usage and preservation, funding and expenditures, space and facilities, staffing and management.

This document specifies content conformance requirements for verifying the accessibility of EPUB publications. It also specifies accessibility metadata requirements for the discoverability of EPUB publications.

This document defines and promotes the use of a standard code (ISSN) for the unique identification of serials and other continuing resources. Each International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is a unique identifier for a serial or other continuing resource in a defined medium whether print or electronic. This document also allows for grouping related continuing resources into clusters identified by a separately-prefixed ISSN as defined in this document. ISSNs are applicable to serials and to other continuing resources, whatever the business model or modes of distribution (e.g. free, open access, on subscription, etc.) and irrespective of whether the serial is currently in publication, has ceased publication, or publication is planned for the foreseeable future. Continuing resources include whatever the medium of production (print or electronic): — serials, such as newspapers, periodicals, journals, magazines, conference proceedings, monographic series with no predetermined conclusion, annual or other periodic reports, and — ongoing integrating resources that are updated, such as loose-leaf publications, updating websites, blogs, institutional repositories, directories and databases. Monographs, sound and video recordings, notated music publications, audiovisual works, textual works and musical works have their own standard identifiers and are not specifically mentioned in this document. Such items can carry an ISSN in addition to their appropriate identifiers when they are part of a continuing resource. NOTE This document does not contain any operational guidance for its practical implementation.

This document provides guidance for decision making and processes associated with the selection, design, implementation and maintenance of software for managing records, according to the principles specified in ISO 15489-1. This document is applicable to any kind of records system supported by software, including paper records managed by software, but is particularly focused on software for managing digital records. This document provides guidance to records professionals charged with, or supporting the selection, design, implementation and maintenance of systems for managing records using a variety of software. It can also provide assistance to information technology professionals such as solution architects/designers, IT procurement decision makers, business analysts, business owners and software developers and testers seeking to understand records requirements.

This document presents a model for cloud records management and outlines the risks and issues that are considered by records managers before adopting cloud services for records management. The model for cloud records management includes a stakeholder model, processes, metadata, architecture, and use cases. Risks and issues are classified into those originating from cloud services internally and those originating from cloud services externally. Internal risks are associated with cloud services, systems and stakeholders. External risks and issues can occur in the social and legal context in which cloud services operate. The target audience of this document includes: — records, information, knowledge, and governance professionals; — cloud service architects; — archivists using cloud services for managing records; — developers of cloud-deployed records management software; — ICT staff; and — providers of cloud-based records management services.

This document specifies basic guidelines for the implementation and maintenance of country subdivision codes. This code is intended for use in any application requiring the expression of current country subdivision names in coded form.

This document specifies basic guidelines for the implementation and maintenance of codes for formerly used names of countries. This code is intended to represent non-current country names, i.e. the country names deleted from ISO 3166 since its first publication in 1974.

This document describes a test method for conservation materials which can evaluate their impact on cellulose as the main constituent of paper-based collections caused by emission of their volatile compounds. NOTE This test can be extended to museum artefacts. This document is applicable to papers and boards used for conservation and storage of cellulose based items. It is not applicable to parchment-based items. It does not evaluate the effects due to direct contact between the papers and boards used for conservation and the collections.

This document specifies basic guidelines for the implementation and maintenance of country codes. This code is intended for use in any application requiring the expression of current country names in coded form.

This document provides model, high-level functional requirements and associated guidance for software applications that are intended to manage digital records (including digital copies of analogue source records), either as the main purpose of the application or as a part of an application that is primarily intended to enable other business functions and processes. It does not include: — functional requirements for applications that manage analogue records; — generic design requirements such as reporting, application administration and performance; — requirements for the long-term preservation of digital records in a dedicated preservation environment; NOTE The model requirements are intended to encourage the deployment of applications that do not hinder long-term preservation of records. As such, some of the requirements support long-term digital preservation outcomes. — implementation guidance for applications that manages analogue and/or digital records. Such guidance can be found in ISO/TS 16175-2:—[1]. [1] Under development. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DTS 16175-2:2020.

This document provides an effective presentation of rights information in digital collections to end-users. Digital collection, in this document, is mainly focused on digital collections in libraries, museums, archives or other organizations that offer similar resources to their patrons. This document deals with the human-readable aspects of the rights presentation. Technical aspects of the storage and management of rights expression information, such as, metadata schemas, interoperability of machine-readable expressions and user interfaces are out of scope of this document.

This document contains terms and definitions that are relevant to the core concepts of the records management domain. It does not limit the definition of new terms in ISO/TC 46/SC 11 standards.

The ISO/IEC TS 22424 series supports long-term preservation of EPUB publications via a dual strategy. This document considers EPUB features from a long-term preservation point of view. Some EPUB features are forbidden and some others required, depending on how they relate to a long-term preservation. EPUB publications constructed according to these guidelines are suitable for preservation. ISO/IEC TS 22424-2 makes EPUB compliant with Open Archival Information System (OAIS) and current practices of OAIS archives.

The ISO/IEC TS 22424 series supports long-term preservation of EPUB publications via a dual strategy. This document makes EPUB compliant with current practices of Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) archives and technical requirements of repository systems. The former tend to rely on OAIS in their operations; the latter prefer to ingest electronic documents only in containers conforming to standards such as METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard). ISO/IEC TS 22424-1 considers EPUB features from a long-term preservation point of view.

This document establishes a vocabulary for cross-domain resource description, known as the Dublin Core metadata terms (hereafter DCMI Metadata Terms). It includes all of the properties and classes in the main namespace of DCMI Metadata Terms[1] (hereafter "the /terms/ namespace"), as published in the DCMI Recommendation document "DCMI Metadata Terms" of 2012 (DCMI-TERMS and Annex A). As explained in Annex B, these properties and classes can be identified by URIs for use in linked data. NOTE The 15 terms of the original Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, as defined in the namespace https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ (hereafter "the /elements/1.1/ namespace"), are also documented in the DCMI Recommendation "DCMI Metadata Terms" and in ISO 15836-1. This document does not contain the following supporting terms from "DCMI Metadata Terms" specification: a) terms from the /elements/1.1/ namespace (included in ISO 15836-1); b) vocabulary encoding schemes; c) syntax encoding schemes; d) DCMI Type vocabulary; e) terms related to the DCMI Abstract Model. Both ISO 15836-1 and this document include the 15 so-called core terms, but in ISO 15836-1 they are from the /elements/1.1/ namespace, and in this document from the /terms/ namespace. In the latter, the terms have narrower semantics due to formal domain and range specifications. This document does not limit what might be a resource. This document does not provide specific implementation guidelines. The properties and classes are typically used in the context of an application profile, which constrains or specifies their use in accordance with local or community-based requirements and policies. [1] Available at: https://purl.org/dc/terms/.

This document specifies a set of key indicators for assessing the quality of museums: — for the purpose of strategic planning and internal management of museums; — for reporting to stakeholders such as funding institutions, policy makers, or the public; — to promote the museums' role and value for learning and research, education and culture, social and economic life; — for comparing results over time and between museums. The aim of this document is to provide a selection of key indicators applicable to a wide range of museums. It is recognized that not all indicators are pertinent for each individual museum category or each individual museum. Limitations on the applicability of individual indicators are listed in the scope clause of the description of each indicator (see Annex A). This document is not intended to exclude the use of other indicators not specified in it.

This document describes the orthographic system of the Akson-Thai-Noi script using Romanized characters. This document can be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of the original text in a person's own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the original graphism and thus allow anyone who has a knowledge of the original language to pronounce it correctly. NOTE Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if one has a knowledge of English or Polish.

This document provides a context for emergency planning, response and recovery for all types of an archive, library or museum collections in light of other existing plans. It provides responders and other stakeholders with an outline for planning, responding and recovering. This document does not address the causes of a critical event, but the consequences and wider impacts. This document outlines a cycle for developing, exercising and reviewing a plan, and how to present a plan. It aims to encourage responders to develop their capabilities in emergency preparedness and touches on some elements of response and recovery, where relevant, by highlighting indicators of good practice. It is not intended to be an operations manual as there is no single approach that meets the needs of every site, nor is there one single set of organizational arrangements that is appropriate to each and every type of emergency.

This document specifies the International Standard identifier for libraries and related organizations (ISIL), which comprises a set of standard identifiers used for the unique identification of libraries and related organizations such as museums and archives with a minimum impact on already existing systems. An ISIL identifies an organization, i.e. a library or a related organization, or one of its subordinate units, which is responsible for an action or service in an informational environment (e.g. creation of machine-readable information). It can be used to identify the originator or holder of a resource (e.g. library material or a collection in an archive). The ISIL is intended for use by libraries and related organizations such as museums and archives and agencies doing business or interacting with these organizations (e.g. suppliers, publishers, and government institutions). An ISIL identifies an organization or one of its subordinate units throughout its life. In some cases, such as when an organization has undergone a significant administrative change (e.g. a merger with another organization), particularly one that results in a name change, a new ISIL can be allocated. Since this document allows the use of existing codes to be incorporated into the ISIL, it is possible that a given organization can have more than one ISIL. However, it is the intention of this document to minimize the number of codes. Any library or related organization, administrative unit or subordinate unit, acting autonomously, can be allocated an ISIL. An ISIL is not intended to be used to classify organizations or their services and holdings.

This document establishes the minimum characteristics required for the presentation and identification of periodicals including not only the obvious traditional elements that print periodicals typically display (e.g. title, ISSN, publisher, date), but also the "footprints" of periodicals published on digital dynamic media that enable them to be traced along the path of their history, such as changes of URL and publisher or content provider. Furthermore, this document provides information about persistent identifiers, using ISSN, and citation of periodicals (especially when published online or digitized and when titles have changed). It also makes specific recommendations for presentation and identification aspects of retrospective digitization of periodicals. This document is applicable to a subcategory of continuing resources identifiable as "periodicals" (see Clause 3). NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, newspapers are not considered to be periodicals; therefore, specialized information relevant only to newspapers is not included. This document does not specifically address or apply to books, including series of books, nor to content that is continuously updated such as loose-leaf services, databases, online reference works, and most websites. NOTE 2 For information about series titles, see ISO 7275. This document focuses only on elements of periodicals — printed, born-digital or retrospectively digitized — that relate to the presentation of title and supporting descriptive information, as well as practices related to title identification and content access over time. Therefore, this document is not concerned with the overall design of the periodical, except where that design affects the presentation of the title and has unintended consequences for resource discovery and access to earlier content. Neither is it concerned with the technical specifications for print, born-digital or digitized periodicals. The recommendations might not apply in all circumstances, and do not always accommodate certain artistic, technical or advertising considerations. This document contains recommendations intended to enable editors and publishers of periodicals to identify and present key information in a form that will help users discover, cite and access their information over time and through any changes. This benefits all stakeholders of the periodical supply chain: publishers, content providers, authors, librarians, and researchers. The recommendations address the following: — display of periodical title(s) and other critical identifying information: issues, numbering systems, pagination, etc.; — retention of title and citation information under which articles were originally published; — display of title histories, i.e. changes in titles over time together with their dates of coverage; — specification of appropriate metadata for digital periodicals; NOTE 3 This document concentrates on metadata elements which are applicable at the title-level and does not provide guidelines for complete article-level metadata. — display of correct ISSN, including different ISSN for each format, language edition, and for changed titles; — retention and display of vital publication information across the duration of a periodical, including: publisher names, numbering and dates, editors, editorial boards, and sponsoring organizations, and frequency of publication; — graphic design that supports clarity and consistency of information, particularly title information and inclusion of information that allows easy access to all content; — special considerations for retrospective digitization; — usage of persistent identifiers for identification of periodical titles and articles; — long-term preservation of periodical information across time.

The document creates a common language that embeds records management concerns and requirements into enterprise architecture with the twin goals of building consensus — among records managers, enterprise architects and solution architects, and — across the domains of records management, enterprise architecture and solution architecture. NOTE This common understanding of Records Management enables Enterprise Architects to understand the motivations, concerns and goals of Records Managers, recognize them as influential key business stakeholders during organizational transformation, and use this understanding to influence systems planning and design. As a result, Records Management becomes an organizational capability at governance, strategic and operational levels. This document provides a records management viewpoint, with architecture principles and corresponding architectural views of records. It explains records management for enterprise architects and other related professionals, so that they can achieve the competency needed to support collaborative initiatives. This document provides support to enterprise architects in areas including: — understanding and identifying records management principles, goals and requirements significant for the architectural representation, — facilitating consultations with records managers during the project lifecycle, — identifying opportunities to reuse existing records management analyses and tools. This document provides scenarios and models for solution architects and those who have responsibility for infrastructure overview. This document also provides a common language to records managers for collaboration with enterprise architects to position records management requirements in the architecture development process.

This document defines terms for the quality assessment of national libraries and specifies the following methods for the assessment: — performance measurement, and — impact assessment. The results of both methods are of special interest for comparison over time within the same library. Comparisons between libraries are possible if differences in the mandate, tasks and constituencies of the libraries are taken into account. Not all methods described in this document apply to all national libraries. Limitations of the applicability of individual methods are specified in the descriptions. This document is not intended to exclude the use of performance indicators or of methods for impact assessment not specified in it. This document does not cover web archiving, but refers to ISO/TR 14873 for statistics and quality issues for this new task of national libraries.

This document specifies the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) for the unique identification of recordings. The ISRC is applicable to the identification of audio recordings and music video recordings whether they are in analogue or digital form. The ISRC is not applicable to the numbering of audio or audiovisual products or carriers. Neither is it applicable to the numbering of packages of audio recordings or music video recordings with other media items. The ISRC is applicable to music video recordings even if they have been assigned an International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) in accordance with ISO 15706 (all parts), or a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in accordance with ISO 26324, but it is not applicable to other forms of audiovisual recording.

This document specifies requirements to be met by a management system for records (MSR) in order to support an organization in the achievement of its mandate, mission, strategy and goals. It addresses the development and implementation of a records policy and objectives and gives information on measuring and monitoring performance. An MSR can be established by an organization or across organizations that share business activities. Throughout this document, the term "organization" is not limited to one organization but also includes other organizational structures. This document is applicable to any organization that wishes to: — establish, implement, maintain and improve an MSR to support its business; — ensure itself of conformity with its stated records policy; — demonstrate conformity with this document by undertaking a self-assessment and self-declaration, or seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or seeking certification of its MSR by an external party.

This document provides guidance on how to carry out appraisal for managing records. It describes some of the products and outcomes that can be delivered using the results of appraisal. As such, this document describes a practical application of the concept of appraisal outlined in ISO 15489-1. This document: a) lists some of the main purposes for appraisal; b) describes the importance of establishing scope for appraisal; c) explains how to analyse business functions and develop an understanding of their context; d) explains how to identify records requirements; e) describes the relationships between records requirements, business functions and work processes; f) explains how to use risk assessment for making decisions related to records; g) lists options for documenting the results of appraisal; h) describes possible uses for the results of appraisal; and i) explains the importance of monitoring and review of the execution of appraisal decisions. This document can be used by all organizations regardless of size, nature of their business activities, or the complexity of their functions and structure.

This document specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national, academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962, which uses an object identifier structure to identify data elements. This document defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined in ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on different items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable format data. This document provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.

This document provides information on recent discussions and changes in recommendations and guidance on environmental management within the cultural heritage field. Conservation research on preventive methodologies and passive control provided by specific construction methods and renovations, developments in technology for controlling the environment, and energy and climate change issues are included. This document is intended for archives and libraries and other institutions with large volumes of collections that are based on paper. Archives and libraries also have collections that include film, magnetic media, leather, and other organic, inorganic or composite materials. These institutions have a unique challenge of extending the lifespan of these materials for access and use in the present and for future generations. The environment plays a key role in extending the lifespan of all of these materials. This document is intended for use in preservation planning and ongoing environmental management of permanent storage conditions for archives and library collections and applies to all collections being permanently stored for an institution.

ISO 20247:2018 specifies the International Library Item Identifier (ILII), which is used for the unique identification of items held by libraries and related organizations. "Library and related organization" here refers to an organization within the scope of ISO 15511. "Items" here refer to materials identified and managed by a concerned organization. The purpose of ILII is to facilitate unique identification of library items when information about them is shared among library applications. Examples of such system(s) include interlibrary loans and shared print agreements.

ISO 2108:2017 establishes the specifications for the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) as a unique international identification system for each product form or edition of a separately available monographic publication published or produced by a specific publisher that is available to the public. It specifies the construction of an ISBN, the rules for its assignment and use, the metadata to be associated with the ISBN allocation, and the administration of the ISBN system. ISO 2108:2017 is applicable to monographic publications (books), not to textual works (content). Monographic publications include individual sections or chapters where these are made separately available and certain types of related products that are available to the public irrespective of whether those publications are made available for sale or on a gratis basis. Examples of applicable and non-applicable products are provided in Annex A. NOTE More detailed, operational guidance is provided in the latest version of the Users' Manual available from the Registration Authority for this document (see Clause 7).

DEPIP specifies a standardized framework for the various data (including both data and related metadata) exchange transactions between an archive and its producers and consumers. Interchanges between archives (including archives integrated in organizations, public archives, storage service suppliers) are also considered. ISO 20614:2017 defines five transactions (Transfer, Deliver, Dispose, Modify and Restitute), which the partners can use to exchange Data Objects. It also specifies the syntax and semantics of the messages that are exchanged during these transactions. Internal organization of the information systems of the partners is excluded. Information received in conformance with the data exchange model is intended to be handled by various software components. These applications, however, are not the object of ISO 20614:2017. The impacts of major risks (for instance, disappearance or incapacitation of the producer of the data) are also excluded.

ISO 23081-1:2017 covers the principles that underpin and govern records management metadata. These principles are applicable to: - records and their metadata; - all processes that affect them; - any system in which they reside; - any organization that is responsible for their management.

ISO 17068:2017 specifies requirements for a trusted third party repository (TTPR) to support the authorized custody service in order to safeguard provable integrity and authenticity of clients' digital records and serve as a source of reliable evidence. ISO 17068:2017 is applicable to retention or repository services for digital records as a source of evidence during the retention periods of legal obligation in both the private and the public sectors. ISO 17068:2017 has the limitation that the authorized custody of the stored records is between only the TTPR and the client.

ISO 28500:2017 specifies the WARC file format: - to store both the payload content and control information from mainstream Internet application layer protocols, such as the HTTP, DNS, and FTP; - to store arbitrary metadata linked to other stored data (e.g. subject classifier, discovered language, encoding); - to support data compression and maintain data record integrity; - to store all control information from the harvesting protocol (e.g. request headers), not just response information; - to store the results of data transformations linked to other stored data; - to store a duplicate detection event linked to other stored data (to reduce storage in the presence of identical or substantially similar resources); - to be extended without disruption to existing functionality; - to support handling of overly long records by truncation or segmentation, where desired.

ISO/TR 19814:2017 provides guidance and recommendations in the planning, implementation, maintenance and improvement of the preservation of archive and library collections through: - recommendations and guidance for preservation planning and ongoing management of physical collections in archives and libraries; - procedures for managing collections in the stacks, research and reading rooms, conservation facilities and while on exhibit and during transportation. - guidance and recommendations for appropriate enclosures and containers for archive and library collections. ISO/TR 19814:2017 applies to preservation of archive and library physical collections of institutions and volumes small and large. It applies to all collections housed by an institution; their own collections and deposits or loans from other institutions. Some information on digital collections, born digital and digitized, for conservation is included for reference. ISO/TR 19814:2017 also applies to collections that are being managed by governmental agencies. This guidance is intended for collections that are being preserved for long-term use. Collections intended for long-term use need to be managed to mitigate many risks that can cause loss, including catastrophic loss from fire and floods, risks of vandalism and theft, to instability of materials, including acetate film and acidic paper. Collections management addresses the risks from a holistic perspective. It is recognized that compromises are necessary based on, among other factors, the quantity of collections in archives and libraries. The compromises can be managed when the factors of use, significance, vulnerability of the collections and the expertise and best practices from several fields are included in the decision-making process. ISO/TR 19814:2017 covers specifically the operations required to manage the collections environment that are relevant to the preservation policy and plan of the institution. This includes the monitoring of climate stability, control of exposure to light, preventive cleanliness measures and cleaning of the collections storage areas. The conservation treatment of individual items within the collections is not covered in ISO/TR 19814:2017.

ISO 15836-1:2017 establishes 15 core metadata elements for cross-domain resource description. These terms are part of a larger set of metadata vocabularies maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. Properties in the /terms/ namespace are included in ISO 15836-2. ISO 15836-1:2017 does not limit what might be a resource. ISO 15836-1:2017 does not provide implementation guidelines. However, the elements are typically used in the context of an application profile which constrains or specifies their use in accordance with local or community-based requirements and policies.

ISO 5127:2017 provides a concept system and general vocabulary for the field of documentation within the whole information field. It has been created with a balanced representation of major work areas in mind: documentation, libraries, archives, media, museums, records management, conservation as well as legal aspects of documentation. The scope of the vocabulary provided in this document corresponds to that of ISO/TC 46: standardization of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centres, publishing, archives, records management, museum documentation, indexing and abstracting services, and information science.

ISO 15489-1:2016 defines the concepts and principles from which approaches to the creation, capture and management of records are developed. This part of ISO 15489 describes concepts and principles relating to the following: a) records, metadata for records and records systems; b) policies, assigned responsibilities, monitoring and training supporting the effective management of records; c) recurrent analysis of business context and the identification of records requirements; d) records controls; e) processes for creating, capturing and managing records. ISO 15489-1:2016 applies to the creation, capture and management of records regardless of structure or form, in all types of business and technological environments, over time.

ISO 18461:2016 specifies rules for the museum community on the collection and reporting of statistics. It provides definitions and counting procedures for all types of resources and services that museums offer to their users. It is recognized that not all measures specified in this International Standard can be collected by museums of different type and size. The aim is to ensure that, where a particular statistic is collected, the same definitions and methods are used. ISO 18461:2016 is not intended to exclude the use of methods not specified in it. There are many different types of museums, with different tasks and audiences, having a range of unique characteristics (structure, funding, governance, etc.), and affected by a number of situational factors. Since there is such a wide variation around the world, it is important to understand that not all methods described in this International Standard may be required by or useful to all museums.

ISO/TS 18344:2016 defines test methods and minimum requirements for paper deacidification processes regarding their effectiveness and consistency. It is applicable for all large scale processes which offer deacidification of acid documents made of printed or hand-written paper. Possible negative side effects of deacidification processes on the treated objects are not the subject of this Technical Specification. However, some general recommendations for how to cope with these side effects are given in Annex A. It is not specified either, which types of paper objects can be treated by large scale deacidification methods. Whatever currently available deacidification method is used, some objects might be excluded from treatment to avoid mechanical damage to paper and bindings or other unwanted side effects. The provider of the deacidification treatment should inform the customer about the limitations of the chosen method.

ISO 11799:2015 specifies the characteristics of repositories used for the long-term storage of archive and library materials. It covers the siting and construction and renovation of the building and the installation and equipment to be used both within and around the building. It applies to all archive and library materials held in repositories, where mixed media may be stored together with paper-based materials. It does not preclude the establishment of separate areas or compartments within individual repositories, where the environment can be controlled to create conditions suitable for the needs of specific archive materials. In a number of fields, national or local building regulations may encompass such matters as construction, safety and security for public buildings and buildings in which valuable objects are stored (fire precautions, emergency exits, security against earthquakes, theft, burglary, terrorist acts, etc.), as well as services and equipment in professional use. This International Standard therefore avoids detailed rules and regulations in these fields, except when recommending what may be additions to these requirements.

ISO 7098:2015 explains the principles of the Romanization of Modern Chinese Putonghua (Mandarin Chinese), the official language of the People's Republic of China as defined in the Directives for the Promotion of Putonghua, promulgated on 1956-02-06 by the State Council of China. This International Standard can be applied in documentation of bibliographies, catalogues, indices, toponymic lists, etc.