IEC 62813:2015

IEC 62813 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lithium ion capacitors for use in electric and electronic equipment – Test
methods for electrical characteristics

Condensateurs au lithium-ion destinés à être utilisés dans les équipements
électriques et électroniques – Méthodes d'essai relatives aux caractéristiques
électriques
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IEC 62813 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Lithium ion capacitors for use in electric and electronic equipment – Test

methods for electrical characteristics

Condensateurs au lithium-ion destinés à être utilisés dans les équipements

électriques et électroniques – Méthodes d'essai relatives aux caractéristiques

électriques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 31.060.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-2196-9

– 2 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Test methods . 7
4.1 Test requirements . 7
4.1.1 Standard atmospheric conditions for tests . 7
4.1.2 Standard atmospheric conditions for measurements . 8
4.1.3 Pre-conditioning . 8
4.2 Measurement . 8
4.2.1 Capacitance, discharge accumulated electric energy, and internal
resistance . 8
4.2.2 Measurement for voltage maintenance rate. 11
4.3 Calculation . 12
4.3.1 Calculation of capacitance and discharge accumulated electric energy . 12
4.3.2 Calculation of internal resistance . 13
4.3.3 Calculation of voltage maintenance rate . 13
Annex A (informative) Endurance test (continuous application of rated voltage at high
temperature) . 14
A.1 General . 14
A.2 Test procedure . 14
A.2.1 Test conditions . 14
A.2.2 Test procedure . 14
A.2.3 Requirements . 14
Annex B (informative) Calculation of the measuring currents based on the propagated
error . 15
B.1 General . 15
B.2 Measurement propagated error and measuring currents . 15
Annex C (informative) Procedures for defining the measuring current of LIC with
uncertain nominal internal resistance . 17
C.1 General . 17
C.2 Defining procedures of measuring current for LIC . 17
Bibliography . 18

Figure 1 – Basic circuit for measuring capacitance, discharge accumulated electric
energy, and internal resistance . 9
Figure 2 – Voltage profile for measuring capacitance, discharge accumulated electric
energy, and internal resistance . 10
Figure 3 – Basic circuit for measuring the voltage maintenance rate . 11
Figure 4 – Voltage profile for measuring voltage maintenance rate . 12
Figure C.1 – Flowchart of current setting procedures . 17

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LITHIUM ION CAPACITORS FOR USE
IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT –
TEST METHODS FOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62813 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 40:
Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
40/2322/FDIS 40/2341/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
LITHIUM ION CAPACITORS FOR USE
IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT –
TEST METHODS FOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the electrical characteristics (capacitance, internal
resistance, discharge accumulated electric energy, and voltage maintenance rate) test
methods of lithium ion capacitors (LIC) for use in electric and electronic equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE The terms printed in italics are those which are defined in this Clause 3.
3.1
upper category temperature
highest ambient temperature that a LIC is designed to operate continuously
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.3, modified]
3.2
rated voltage
U
R
maximum direct current (d.c.) voltage that may be applied continuously for a certain time
under the upper category temperature (3.1) to a LIC so that it can exhibit specified demand
characteristics
Note 1 to entry: This voltage is the setting voltage in LIC design.
Note 2 to entry: The endurance test using the rated voltage is described in Annex A.
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.6, modified]
3.3
rated lower limit voltage
U
L
minimum d.c. voltage such that a LIC can exhibit specified demand characteristics
Note 1 to entry: The rated lower limit voltage is designated by manufacturer.
3.4
charging current
current required to charge a LIC

– 6 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
3.5
discharging current
current required to discharge a LIC
3.6
discharge accumulated electric energy
amount of discharged energy of a LIC accumulated from the discharge start time (3.7) to the
time to reach rated lower limit voltage (3.10)
3.7
discharge start time
T
time when discharge of a LIC starts
Note 1 to entry: It is the basis time for the calculation start time (3.8) and the time to reach rated lower limit
voltage (3.10).
3.8
calculation start time
T
time at a selected start point used to calculate the capacitance (3.12) and the internal
resistance (3.14) during discharge of a LIC
Note 1 to entry: The calculation start time is expressed as elapsed time since the discharge start time (3.7).
3.9
calculation end time
T
time at a selected end point used to calculate the capacitance (3.12) and the internal
resistance (3.14) during discharge of a LIC
Note 1 to entry: The calculation end time is expressed as elapsed time since the discharge start time (3.7).
3.10
time to reach rated lower limit voltage
T
L
time when the voltage reaches the rated lower limit voltage (3.3) during discharge of a LIC
Note 1 to entry: The time to reach rated lower limit voltage is expressed as elapsed time since the discharge start
time (3.7).
3.11
instant drop voltage at discharge
U
voltage at the discharge start time (3.7) of a least-squares regression line over the time period
from the calculation start time (3.8) to the calculation end time (3.9) for the voltage drop
characteristic of a LIC during discharge
3.12
capacitance
ability of a LIC to store electrical charge
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.14, modified]
3.13
nominal capacitance
C
N
capacitance value designated by manufacturer, usually indicated on a LIC
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.15, modified]

3.14
internal resistance
resistance component expressed in the equivalent series circuit of capacitance and resistance
of a LIC
[SOURCE: IEC 62391-1:2006, 2.2.20, modified]
3.15
nominal internal resistance
R
N
internal resistance value designated by manufacturer, usually indicated on a LIC
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.17, modified]
3.16
constant voltage charging
method of charging a LIC at specified constant voltage
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.18, modified]
3.17
constant current charging
method of charging a LIC with specified constant current
3.18
constant current discharging
method of discharging a LIC with specified constant current
3.19
pre-conditioning
charge, discharge, and storage of a LIC under specified atmospheric conditions (temperature,
humidity, and air pressure) before tests
Note 1 to entry: Generally, pre-conditioning implies that the LIC is stored until its inner temperature attains
thermal equilibrium with the surrounding temperature, before its electrical characteristics are measured.
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.19, modified]
3.20
voltage maintenance rate
A
ratio of the voltage at the open-ended terminals to the charging voltage after a specified time
period subsequent to the charging of a LIC
[SOURCE: IEC 62576:2009, 3.26, modified]
4 Test methods
4.1 Test requirements
4.1.1 Standard atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, all tests shall be made under standard
atmospheric conditions for tests as given in IEC 60068-1:2013, 4.3:
– temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C;
– relative humidity: 25% to 75 %;

– 8 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
– air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
If any question about determining measurement value arises under the atmospheric
conditions or if it is requested, 4.1.2 is applied.
If it is difficult to perform measurements under the standard atmospheric conditions and if no
question about determining measurement value arises, tests and measurements may be
performed under other conditions than the standard atmospheric conditions.
4.1.2 Standard atmospheric conditions for measurements
Unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, all measurements shall be made under
standard atmospheric conditions for measurements as given in IEC 60068-1:2013, 4.2, with
the following details:
– temperature: 25 °C ± 2 °C;
– relative humidity: 45 % to 55 %;
– air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
4.1.3 Pre-conditioning
Unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, the LIC shall be charged with a constant
current and constant voltage power supply, the voltage of which is set to the rated voltage, for
30 min then discharged to the lower limit voltage with a proper discharging device.
4.2 Measurement
4.2.1 Capacitance, discharge accumulated electric energy, and internal resistance
4.2.1.1 Test equipment
The test equipment shall be capable of constant current charging, constant voltage charging,
and constant current discharging with current specified in 4.2.1.2, and continuous
measurement of current and voltage at specified sampling interval. The basic circuit is shown
in Figure 1.
a) D.C. power supply
The d.c. power supply shall be capable of charging the LIC at specified constant current
and specified constant voltage for specified duration.
b) Constant current load
The constant current load shall be capable of discharging the LIC at specified constant
current and its current rise time at discharge start shall be 50 ms or less.
c) D.C. voltage recorder
The d.c. voltage recorder shall be capable of conducting measurements and recording
with 1 mV resolution and sampling interval of 100 ms.
d) Changeover switch
The changeover switch shall not cause chattering which may affect the result of voltage-
time recording.
Power supply
A
I
CC
S
+
constant current charging
V C
x
U
CV
constant voltage charging
IEC
Key
I constant-current
CC
U constant-voltage
CV
A
D.C. ammeter
V
D.C. voltage recorder
S changeover switch
C LIC under test
x
constant current power supply
constant voltage power supply
constant current load
Figure 1 – Basic circuit for measuring capacitance, discharge
accumulated electric energy, and internal resistance
4.2.1.2 Measurement procedure and conditions
The measurement procedure and conditions shall be as follows. The voltage profile between
the LIC terminals in the measurement shall be as shown in Figure 2.
a) Before setting sample
The LIC shall be left in the standard atmospheric condition as defined in 4.1.1 for 2 h
to 6 h.
b) Sample setting
Connect the LIC terminals to the circuit.
c) Constant current charging
Charge the LIC to the rated voltage U with d.c. power supply specified in 4.2.1.1 and with
R
specified current I calculated by Formula (1).
1 27 26
(1)
I = 1 + −
30R 5C R + 1 10C R + 1
N N N N N
where
– 10 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
I is the charging current (A). It is also used to specify the discharging current;
R is the nominal internal resistance of the LIC under test (Ω);
N
C is the nominal capacitance of the LIC under test (F).
N
NOTE The current calculated by Formula (1) is assumed as the current by which the resultant measurement
error of the internal resistance is limited within ± 3 % (see Annex B). When the nominal value of internal
resistance is uncertain, the current for the measurement can be set according to the advisable procedures
described in Annex C.
d) Constant voltage charging
When voltage between the LIC terminals is reached to the rated voltage U , switch to
R
constant voltage charging then apply the rated voltage U for 30 min.
R
e) Constant current discharging
Turn changeover switch from the power supply to the constant current load and discharge
with the specified constant current as follows:
1) For internal resistance measurement, set the discharge current: I calculated by
Formula (1);
2) For discharge accumulated electric energy and capacitance measurement, set the
discharge current: tenth of I calculated by Formula (1).
f) Test, measurement and recording
Measure and record the voltage-time characteristics between the LIC terminals
1) Sampling and recording interval shall be set to 100 ms.
2) Sampling and recording shall be conducted continuously from charge start time to the
time to reach rated lower limit voltage U .
L
T
CV
U
R
U
U
L
T T T
T
0 1 L
Time
IEC
Key
T discharge start time (s)
T calculation start time, which is set to C R (s)
1 N N
T calculation end time, which is set to 2 C R (s)
2 N N
T time to reach rated lower limit voltage (s)
L
T duration of constant voltage charging (s)
CV
U rated voltage (V)
R
U rated lower limit voltage (V)
L
U instant drop voltage at discharge (V)
Figure 2 – Voltage profile for measuring capacitance, discharge
accumulated electric energy, and internal resistance
Voltage
4.2.2 Measurement for voltage maintenance rate
4.2.2.1 Test equipment
The basic circuit is shown in Figure 3. The d.c. voltmeters V and V shall have a resolution of
1 2
5 mV or less for voltage measurement. The input impedance shall be sufficiently high so that
measurement errors are negligible.
Power supply
I
CC
S
+
constant current charging
V V
C
1 x 2
U
CV
constant voltage charging
IEC
Key
V V
1 2 D.C. voltmeter
Figure 3 – Basic circuit for measuring the voltage maintenance rate
4.2.2.2 Measurement procedure and conditions
The measurement procedure and conditions shall be as follows. The voltage profile between
the LIC terminals in the measurement shall be as shown in Figure 4.
a) Before setting sample
The LIC shall be left in the standard atmospheric condition as defined in 4.1.1 for 2 h to
6 h.
b) Sample setting
Connect the LIC terminals to the circuit.
c) Constant current charging
Charge the LIC to the rated voltage U with d.c. power supply specified in 4.2.1.1 and with
R
specified current I calculated by Formula (1).
d) Constant voltage charging
When voltage between the LIC terminals is reached to the rated voltage U , switch to the
R
constant voltage charging then apply the rated voltage U for 24 h.
R
e) Terminal opening
Disconnect the LIC terminals from the circuit.
f) Measurement
Measure voltage between the LIC terminals when T is 72 h (see Figure 4).
OC
– 12 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
U
R
U
end
U
L
T
T
cv
oc Time
IEC
Key
T duration of measurement, which is set to 72 h (h)

oc
U voltage between the LIC terminals at T (V)
end oc
Figure 4 – Voltage profile for measuring voltage maintenance rate
4.3 Calculation
4.3.1 Calculation of capacitance and discharge accumulated electric energy
The capacitance and the discharge accumulated electric energy are calculated by using the
energy conversion method described in a). When agreed between manufacturer and customer,
simplified method described in b) can be used instead.
a) Calculation of capacitance and accumulated electric energy by energy conversion method
The capacitance C shall be calculated by Formula (2) and the discharge accumulated
x
electric energy W shall be calculated by Formula (3) (see Figure 2).
2W
C = (2)
x
2 2
U −U
0 L
n−1
I
W = (V + V ) (3)
k+1 k
∑
k=0
where
C is the capacitance (F) of the LIC;
x
W is the discharge accumulated electric energy, which is time integral of the electric
power on all sampling points from discharge start sampling point (k = 0) to discharge
end sampling point (k = n);
V is the measured voltage at sampling point k (V).
k
The discharge accumulated electric energy represented in watt-hour notation is calculated
by dividing W by 3 600.
b) Calculation of capacitance and accumulated electric energy by simplified method
The capacitance C shall be calculated by Formula (4) and the discharge accumulated
x
electric energy W shall be calculated by Formula (5) (see Figure 2).
Voltage
I(T − T )
L 0
C = (4)
x
10(U − U )
0 L
2 2
C (U − U )
x 0 L
W = (5)
The discharge accumulated electric energy represented in watt-hour notation is calculated
by dividing W by 3 600.
4.3.2 Calculation of internal resistance
The internal resistance R is calculated by Formula (6) (see Figure 2).
x
U −U
R 0
R = (6)
x
I
where
R is the internal resistance (Ω) of the LIC.
x
4.3.3 Calculation of voltage maintenance rate
The voltage maintenance rate A is calculated by Formula (7) (see Figure 4).
U
end
A = ×100 (7)
U
R
where
A is the voltage maintenance rate (%) of the LIC.

– 14 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
Annex A
(informative)
Endurance test (continuous application
of rated voltage at high temperature)
A.1 General
This Annex A describes the endurance test for continuous application of rated voltage at high
temperature to determine the rated voltage defined in 3.2.
A.2 Test procedure
A.2.1 Test conditions
Unless otherwise given in the relevant specification, the test conditions should be as follows:
– temperature: upper category temperature;
– voltage: rated voltage;
– duration 1 000 h.
A.2.2 Test procedure
The test procedure should be as follows.
a) Initial measurements
Measure and calculate capacitance and internal resistance by the measurement procedure
described in 4.2.1 and the calculation method described in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2.
b) Testing
Place the LIC in a chamber at the upper category temperature and charge it up to the
rated voltage with current calculated by Formula (1) then keep the voltage for specified
duration.
c) Final measurements
Measure and calculate capacitance and internal resistance as described in a). The rates
of change can be obtained in comparison to their initially measured values.
A.2.3 Requirements
Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and customer, the capacitance change ΔC
and internal resistance change ΔR should meet the following values.
C − C
f i
∆C = ×100 % ≤ 20 %
C
i
where
C is the initial capacitance (F) before the test;
i
is the capacitance (F) after the test.
C
f
R − R
f i
∆R = ×100 % ≤ 50 %
R
i
where
R is the initial internal resistance (Ω) before the test;
i
R is the internal resistance (Ω) after the test.
f
Annex B
(informative)
Calculation of the measuring currents based on the propagated error
B.1 General
This Annex B describes the calculation of the measuring currents provided in 4.2.1.2,
Formula (1).
B.2 Measurement propagated error and measuring currents
The internal resistance R is calculated from Formula (B.1).
(U −U )
R 0
R = (B.1)
I
From the formula of propagated error, the relative error of R is expressed as follows.
2 2 2 2
δU + δU
 δR   δI 
R 0
= + (B.2)
   
R I
  (U − U )  
R 0
δI / I is small enough to be ignorable. When the measuring voltage corresponding to
explanatory variable t at each sampling point is random variable, U is expressed as follows
i 0
from the formula of propagated error of least-square method as follows.
t
∑ i
δU = δU (B.3)
2 2
N t − ( t )
∑ i ∑ i
N is a number of sampling points. The voltage measurement errors at each sampling point are
assumed to be equal to δU at each sampling point. And δU is also assumed to be equal to
R
δU .
When Δt is the sampling interval, the following formula applies:
t = (T − ∆t) + i∆t (B.4)
i 1
Assigning this to Formula (B.3) gives:
1 3  2T 
δU = δU +  + N −1 (B.5)
 
N ∆t
 
N(N −1)
By assigning Formula (B.5) to Formula (B.2) and by the condition that the relative error δR / R
of internal resistance is limited within ±3 %, Formula (B.6) is given.
Formula (1) is obtained by Formulas (B.6). and (B.7), using ∆t to 0,1 s and δU = 1 mV.

– 16 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
δU 1 3  2T 
I = 1+ +  + N − 1 (B.6)
 
0,03R N ∆t
N(N − 1)  
(T − T )
2 1
(B.7)
N = + 1
∆t
Annex C
(informative)
Procedures for defining the measuring current
of LIC with uncertain nominal internal resistance
C.1 General
This Annex C describes the defining procedures of measuring current provided in Annex B for
the LIC which has uncertain nominal internal resistance.
C.2 Defining procedures of measuring current for LIC
When the nominal value of internal resistance of the LIC is uncertain, the current for the
measurement of the LIC can be set according to the following procedures (see Figure C.1):
a) Using an estimated value of internal resistance (R ), measure and calculate internal
est
resistance by the measurement procedure described in 4.2.1 and the calculation method
described in 4.3.2.
b) Using the resultant internal resistance (R ) calculated in a) as a new estimated value,
res
repeat the process described in a).
c) Repeat b) until the difference between R and R becomes less than 10 % of R .
est res est
However, when the instant drop voltage at discharge U becomes less or equal to the
rated lower limit voltage U , try procedures from a) to c) again with smaller current. When
L
R indicates a negative value, try from a) to c) again with larger current.
res
Start
Estimate the internal resistance (R )
est
Measure the internal resistance with
current calculated by using R (R )
est res
Set R = R
est res
no U ＞ U
0 L
R ＞ 0
res
yes
no
R − R
est res
< 0,1
R
res
yes
End
IEC
Figure C.1 – Flowchart of current setting procedures

– 18 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
Bibliography
IEC 62391-1:2006, Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment –
Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 62576:2009, Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles – Test
methods for electrical characteristics

___________
– 20 – IEC 62813:2015 © IEC 2015
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 21
1 Domaine d'application . 23
2 Références normatives . 23
3 Termes et définitions . 23
4 Méthodes d’essais . 26
4.1 Exigences d'essai . 26
4.1.1 Conditions atmosphériques normales pour les essais . 26
4.1.2 Conditions atmosphériques normales pour les mesures . 26
4.1.3 Préconditionnement . 26
4.2 Mesure . 26
4.2.1 Capacité, énergie électrique cumulée de décharge et résistance interne . 26
4.2.2 Mesure du taux de maintien de la tension . 29
4.3 Calcul . 31
4.3.1 Calcul de la capacité et de l'énergie électrique cumulée de décharge . 31
4.3.2 Calcul de la résistance interne . 32
4.3.3 Calcul du taux de maintien de la tension . 32
Annexe A (informative) Essai d'endurance (application continue de la tension
assignée à une température élevée) . 33
A.1 Généralités . 33
A.2 Procédure d’essai . 33
A.2.1 Conditions d'essais . 33
A.2.2 Procédure d’essai . 33
A.2.3 Exigences . 33
Annexe B (informative) Calcul des courants de mesure sur la base de l'erreur
propagée . 34
B.1 Généralités . 34
B.2 Erreur propagée de mesure et courants de mesure . 34
Annexe C (informative) Procédures de définition du courant de mesure du LIC avec
une résistance interne nominale incertaine . 36
C.1 Généralités . 36
C.2 Procédures de définition du courant de mesure pour le LIC . 36
Bibliographie . 37

Figure 1 – Circuit fondamental pour la mesure de la capacité, de l'énergie électrique
cumulée de décharge et de la résistance interne . 27
Figure 2 – Profil de tension pour la mesure de la capacité, de l'énergie électrique
cumulée de décharge et de la résistance interne . 29
Figure 3 – Circuit fondamental pour la mesure du taux de maintien de la tension . 30
Figure 4 – Profil de tension pour la mesure du taux de maintien de la tension . 31
Figure C.1 – Organigramme des procédures de réglage du courant . 36

COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
CONDENSATEURS AU LITHIUM-ION DESTINÉS À ÊTRE UTILISÉS
DANS LES ÉQUIPEMENTS ÉLECTRIQUES ET ÉLECTRONIQUES –
MÉTHODES D'ESSAI RELATIVES AUX CARACTÉRISTIQUES
ÉLECTRIQUES
AVANT-PROPOS
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La Norme internationale IEC 62813 a été établie par le comité d'études 40 de l’IEC:
Condensateurs et résistances pour équi
...