Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

This collateral standard applies to X-ray equipment and to subassemblies of such equipment, where radiological images of a human patient are used for diagnosis, planning or guidance of medical procedures. The object of this collateral standard is to establish general requirements for protection against X-radiation in X-ray equipment, in order that the irradiation of the human patient, the operator, staff and members of the public can be kept as low as reasonably achievable, without jeopardizing the benefit of the radiological procedure. Particular standards may specify their appropriate values and/or measures for general requirements specified in this collateral standard. The implementation of the general requirements or the reference to the particular standard instead, shall be justified in the risk management process. This collateral standard considers radiation protection aspects related to X-radiation only. Requirements for the control of the electrical energy used to generate X-radiation, which is also an important aspect of radiation protection, are included in IEC 60601-1 and in particular standards for the safety and essential performance of the equipment concerned. This document cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60601-1-3, published in 1994 (which replaced IEC 407 issued in 1973). It constitutes a technical revision. This edition has been restructured and aligned to IEC 60601-1(2005) and focussed on general requirements for RADIATION PROTECTION that apply to all diagnostic X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Requirements particular to specific equipment have been removed and will be covered in particular standards. For a description of the changes, see the mapping in Annex C.

Appareils électromédicaux - Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances essentielles - Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils à rayonnement X de diagnostic

La présente norme collatérale s'applique aux appareils à rayonnement X et à leurs sous-ensembles, dont les images radiologiques d'un patient humain sont utilisées à des fins de diagnostic, de planification ou de guide pour les procédures médicales. L'objet de la présente norme collatérale est d'établir des exigences générales pour la protection contre les rayonnements X dans les appareils à rayonnement X, afin que l'irradiation des patients humains, de l'opérateur, des membres de l'équipe médicale et des autres personnes présentes puisse être maintenue à un niveau aussi bas que raisonnablement possible, sans compromettre le bénéfice de la procédure radiologique. Des normes particulières peuvent spécifier des valeurs et/ou mesures qui leur sont appropriées par rapport aux exigences générales spécifiées dans la présente norme collatérale. La mise en uvre des exigences générales ou, à la place, la référence à la norme particulière doit être justifiée dans le processus de gestion des risques. La présente norme collatérale traite des aspects de radioprotection liés aux rayonnements X uniquement. Les exigences pour la commande de l'énergie électrique utilisée pour produire le rayonnement X, qui est aussi un aspect important de la radioprotection, figurent dans la CEI 60601-1 et dans les normes particulières pour la sécurité et les performances essentielles des appareils concernés. Ce document annule et remplace la première édition de la CEI 60601-1-3, publiée en 1994 (qui a remplacé la CEI 407 publiée en 1973). Elle constitue une révision technique. La présente édition a été restructurée et alignée avec la CEI 60601-1 (2005) et traite des exigences générales pour la radioprotection qui s'appliquent à tous les appareils à rayonnement X de diagnostic. Les exigences particulières pour des appareils spécifiques ont été enlevées et seront couvertes dans des normes particulières. Pour une description des modifications, voir la correspondance présentée à l'Annexe C.

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Status
Published
Publication Date
21-Jan-2008
Current Stage
PPUB - Publication issued
Start Date
31-Jan-2008
Completion Date
22-Jan-2008
Ref Project

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IEC 60601-1-3:2008+AMD1:2013 CSV - Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-3: General requirements forbasic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment Released:4/19/2013 Isbn:9782832207659
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IEC 60601-1-3
Edition 2.0 2008-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils à
rayonnement X de diagnostic
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

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3, rue de Varembé
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Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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A propos des publications CEI
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IEC 60601-1-3
Edition 2.0 2008-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils à
rayonnement X de diagnostic
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 11.040.50; 13.280 ISBN 2-8318-9541-3

– 2 – 60601-1-3 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.8

1 Scope, object and related standards.9
1.1 Scope.9
1.2 Object .9
1.3 Related standards .9
1.3.1 IEC 60601-1 .9
1.3.2 Particular standards .9
2 Normative references .10
3 Terms and definitions .10
4 General requirements .20
4.1 Statement of compliance .20
4.2 Composition of reference materials .20
5 ME EQUIPMENT identification, marking and documents .20
5.1 Marking on the outside of ME EQUIPMENT or ME EQUIPMENT parts .20
5.1.1 General .20
5.1.2 Marking requirements in subclauses.20
5.2 ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS.20
5.2.1 References in subclauses.21
5.2.2 Dosimetric calibration .21
5.2.3 General requirements for the reference of subassemblies and
ACCESSORIES.21
5.2.4 Instructions for use.22
6 RADIATION management.23
6.1 General .23
6.2 Initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION .24
6.2.1 Normal initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION.24
6.2.2 Safety measures against failure of normal termination of the
IRRADIATION.24
6.3 RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY.24
6.3.1 Adjustment of RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY .24
6.3.2 Reproducibility of the RADIATION output .24
6.4 Indication of operational states.25
6.4.1 Indication of the X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLY selected .25
6.4.2 Indication of LOADING STATE .25
6.4.3 Indication of LOADING FACTORS and MODES OF OPERATION.25
6.4.4 Indication of automatic modes .25
6.4.5 Dosimetric indications.26
6.5 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM .26
6.6 SCATTERED RADIATION reduction .26
6.7 Imaging performance.26
6.7.1 General .26
6.7.2 System performance.26
6.7.3 Nominal focal spot value.27
6.7.4 RADIATION DETECTOR or X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR .27
7 RADIATION QUALITY .27

60601-1-3 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
7.1 HALF-VALUE LAYERS and TOTAL FILTRATION in X-RAY EQUIPMENT .27
7.2 Waveform of the X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE.28
7.3 Indication of FILTER properties .28
7.4 Test for FILTRATION by irremovable materials .29
7.5 Test for ADDED FILTERS and materials.29
7.6 Test for HALF-VALUE LAYER .29
8 Limitation of the extent of the X-RAY BEAM and relationship between X-RAY FIELD
and IMAGE RECEPTION AREA .29
8.1 General .29
8.2 Enclosure of X-RAY TUBES.29
8.3 Limiting DIAPHRAGM in X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES .30
8.4 Confinement of EXTRA-FOCAL RADIATION .30
8.5 Relationship between X-RAY FIELD and IMAGE RECEPTION AREA .30
8.5.1 General .30
8.5.2 * FOCAL SPOT TO IMAGE RECEPTOR DISTANCE .30
8.5.3 Correspondence between X-RAY FIELD and EFFECTIVE IMAGE
RECEPTION AREA .30
8.5.4 Positioning of the PATIENT and restriction of the irradiated area.31
9 FOCAL SPOT TO SKIN DISTANCE.31
9.1 General .31
9.2 Information in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS .31
10 ATTENUATION of the X-RAY BEAM between the PATIENT and the X-RAY IMAGE
RECEPTOR .31
10.1 General .31
10.2 Information in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS .31
11 Protection against RESIDUAL RADIATION.32
12 * Protection against LEAKAGE RADIATION .32
12.1 General .32
12.2 Mounting of X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLIES and X-RAY IMAGING ARRANGEMENTS .32
12.3 Statement of reference LOADING conditions.33
12.4 LEAKAGE RADIATION in the LOADING STATE .33
12.5 LEAKAGE RADIATION when not in the LOADING STATE .34
13 Protection against STRAY RADIATION .34
13.1 General .34
13.2 Control of X-RAY EQUIPMENT from a PROTECTED AREA.34
13.3 Protection by distance .
...


IEC 60601-1-3 ®
Edition 2.2 2021-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils
à rayonnement X de diagnostic
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

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IEC 60601-1-3 ®
Edition 2.2 2021-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment –

Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –

Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances

essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils

à rayonnement X de diagnostic
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 11.040.50; 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-9347-8

IEC 60601-1-3 ®
Edition 2.2 2021-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils
à rayonnement X de diagnostic
– 2 – IEC 60601-1-3:2008+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2021 CSV  IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 8
INTRODUCTION to Amendment 1 . 9
INTRODUCTION to Amendment 2 . 9
1 Scope, object and related standards . 10
1.1 Scope . 10
1.2 Object . 10
1.3 Related standards . 10
1.3.1 IEC 60601-1 . 10
1.3.2 Particular standards . 10
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General requirements . 21
4.1 Statement of compliance . 21
4.2 Composition of reference materials . 21
5 ME EQUIPMENT identification, marking and documents . 21
5.1 Marking on the outside of ME EQUIPMENT or ME EQUIPMENT parts . 21
5.1.1 General . 21
5.1.2 Marking requirements in subclauses . 21
5.2 ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 21
5.2.1 References in subclauses . 22
5.2.2 Dosimetric calibration . 22
5.2.3 General requirements for the reference of subassemblies and
ACCESSORIES . 22
5.2.4 Instructions for use . 23
6 RADIATION management . 24
6.1 General . 24
6.2 Initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION . 25
6.2.1 Normal initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION . 25
6.2.2 Safety measures against failure of normal termination of the
IRRADIATION . 25
6.3 RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY. 25
6.3.1 Adjustment of RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY . 25
6.3.2 Reproducibility of the RADIATION output . 25
6.4 Indication of operational states . 26
6.4.1 Indication of the X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLY selected . 26
6.4.2 Indication of LOADING STATE . 26
6.4.3 Indication of LOADING FACTORS and MODES OF OPERATION . 26
6.4.4 Indication of automatic modes . 26
6.4.5 Dosimetric indications. 27
6.5 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM . 27
6.6 SCATTERED RADIATION reduction . 27
6.7 Imaging performance . 27
6.7.1 General . 27
6.7.2 System performance . 27
6.7.3 Nominal focal spot value. 28

+AMD2:2021 CSV  IEC 2021
6.7.4 RADIATION DETECTOR or X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR . 28
7 RADIATION QUALITY . 28
7.1 HALF-VALUE LAYERS and TOTAL FILTRATION in X-RAY EQUIPMENT . 28
7.2 Waveform of the X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE . 29
7.3 Indication of FILTER properties . 29
7.4 Test for FILTRATION by irremovable materials . 30
7.5 Test for ADDED FILTERS and materials . 30
7.6 Test for HALF-VALUE LAYER . 30
8 Limitation of the extent of the X-RAY BEAM and relationship between X-RAY FIELD
IMAGE RECEPTION AREA . 30
and
8.1 General . 30
8.2 Enclosure of X-RAY TUBES . 30
8.3 Limiting DIAPHRAGM in X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES . 31
8.4 Confinement of EXTRA-FOCAL RADIATION . 31
8.5 Relationship between X-RAY FIELD and IMAGE RECEPTION AREA . 31
8.5.1 General . 31
8.5.2 * FOCAL SPOT TO IMAGE RECEPTOR DISTANCE . 31
8.5.3 Correspondence between X-RAY FIELD and EFFECTIVE IMAGE
RECEPTION AREA . 31
8.5.4 Positioning of the PATIENT and restriction of the irradiated area . 32
9 FOCAL SPOT TO SKIN DISTANCE . 32
9.1 General .
...


IEC 60601-1-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2013-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils à
rayonnement X de diagnostic
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.

A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Liens utiles:
Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
La recherche avancée vous permet de trouver des Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes
publications CEI en utilisant différents critères (numéro de électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 30 000
référence, texte, comité d’études,…). termes et définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que
Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles.
publications remplacées ou retirées. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique
International (VEI) en ligne.
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IEC 60601-1-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2013-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Medical electrical equipment –

Part 1-3: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –

Collateral Standard: Radiation protection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-3: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances

essentielles – Norme collatérale: Radioprotection dans les appareils à

rayonnement X de diagnostic
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 11.040.50; 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-0765-9

– 2 – 60601-1-3  IEC:2008+A1:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 8
INTRODUCTION TO AMENDMENT 1 . 9

1 Scope, object and related standards . 10
1.1 Scope . 10
1.2 Object . 10
1.3 Related standards . 10
1.3.1 IEC 60601-1 . 10
1.3.2 Particular standards . 10
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General requirements . 21
4.1 Statement of compliance . 21
4.2 Composition of reference materials . 21
5 ME EQUIPMENT identification, marking and documents . 21
5.1 Marking on the outside of ME EQUIPMENT or ME EQUIPMENT parts . 21
5.1.1 General . 21
5.1.2 Marking requirements in subclauses . 21
5.2 ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 21
5.2.1 References in subclauses . 22
5.2.2 Dosimetric calibration . 22
5.2.3 General requirements for the reference of subassemblies and
ACCESSORIES . 22
5.2.4 Instructions for use . 23
6 RADIATION management . 24
6.1 General . 24
6.2 Initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION . 25
6.2.1 Normal initiation and termination of the IRRADIATION . 25
6.2.2 Safety measures against failure of normal termination of the
IRRADIATION . 25
6.3 RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY. 25
6.3.1 Adjustment of RADIATION dose and RADIATION QUALITY . 25
6.3.2 Reproducibility of the RADIATION output . 25
6.4 Indication of operational states . 26
6.4.1 Indication of the X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLY selected . 26
6.4.2 Indication of LOADING STATE . 26
6.4.3 Indication of LOADING FACTORS and MODES OF OPERATION . 26
6.4.4 Indication of automatic modes . 26
6.4.5 Dosimetric indications. 27
6.5 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM . 27
6.6 SCATTERED RADIATION reduction . 27
6.7 Imaging performance . 27
6.7.1 General . 27
6.7.2 System performance . 27
6.7.3 Nominal focal spot value. 28

60601-1-3  IEC:2008+A1:2013 – 3 –
6.7.4 RADIATION DETECTOR or X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR . 28
7 RADIATION QUALITY . 28
7.1 HALF-VALUE LAYERS and TOTAL FILTRATION in X-RAY EQUIPMENT . 28
7.2 Waveform of the X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE . 29
7.3 Indication of FILTER properties . 29
7.4 Test for FILTRATION by irremovable materials . 30
7.5 Test for ADDED FILTERS and materials . 30
7.6 Test for HALF-VALUE LAYER . 30
8 Limitation of the extent of the X-RAY BEAM and relationship between X-RAY FIELD
and IMAGE RECEPTION AREA . 30
8.1 General . 30
8.2 Enclosure of X-RAY TUBES . 30
8.3 Limiting DIAPHRAGM in X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES . 31
8.4 Confinement of EXTRA-FOCAL RADIATION . 31
8.5 Relationship between X-RAY FIELD and IMAGE RECEPTION AREA . 31
8.5.1 General . 31
8.5.2 * FOCAL SPOT TO IMAGE RECEPTOR DISTANCE . 31
8.5.3 Correspondence between X-RAY FIELD and EFFECTIVE IMAGE
RECEPTION AREA . 31
8.5.4 Positioning of the PATIENT and restriction of the irradiated area . 32
9 FOCAL SPOT TO SKIN DISTANCE . 32
9.1 General . 32
9.2 Information in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 32
10 ATTENUATION of the X-RAY BEAM between the PATIENT and the X-RAY IMAGE
RECEPTOR . 32
10.1 General . 32
10.2 Information in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS . 32
11 Protection against RESIDUAL RADIATION . 33
12 * Protection against LEAKAGE RADIATION . 33
12.1 General . 33
12.2 Mounting of X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLIES and X-RAY IMAGING ARRANGEMENTS . 33
12.3 Statement of reference LOADING conditions . 34
12.4 LEAKAGE RADIATION in the LOADING STATE . 34
12.5 L
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