IEC SRD 63301-1:2024

IEC SRD 63301-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-12
SYSTEMS REFERENCE
DELIVERABLE
Smart city use case collection and analysis – Water systems in smart cities –
Part 1: High-level analysis
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IEC SRD 63301-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-12
SYSTEMS REFERENCE
DELIVERABLE
Smart city use case collection and analysis – Water systems in smart cities –

Part 1: High-level analysis
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.020.20; 91.140.60; 03.100.70 ISBN 978-2-8327-0084-6

– 2 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 An overview of water system . 9
4.1 Basic mechanism . 9
4.1.1 Coupling characteristic . 9
4.1.2 Integrality . 10
4.1.3 Dynamism . 10
4.2 The ecosystem. 10
5 Approach for use case collection and analysis . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 User stories . 12
6 Use case template consideration . 12
6.1 Template for high-level use cases . 12
6.2 Template for user stories . 13
6.3 Use case template . 13
7 Application areas . 15
7.1 General . 15
7.2 Structure for application area . 15
7.3 Water resource protection and preservation . 16
7.3.1 Need statements . 16
7.3.2 Objectives . 16
7.3.3 Current practices . 16
7.3.4 Gaps . 16
7.3.5 Stakeholders . 16
7.3.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 17
7.3.7 Scenarios . 17
7.3.8 Requirements . 18
7.4 Robust water supply . 18
7.4.1 Need statements . 18
7.4.2 Objectives . 18
7.4.3 Current practices . 18
7.4.4 Gaps . 18
7.4.5 Stakeholders . 19
7.4.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 19
7.4.7 Scenarios . 20
7.4.8 Requirements . 20
7.5 Smart water drainage system . 20
7.5.1 Need statements . 20
7.5.2 Objectives . 20
7.5.3 Current practices . 20
7.5.4 Gaps . 21
7.5.5 Stakeholders . 21
7.5.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 22

7.5.7 Scenarios . 22
7.5.8 Requirements . 23
7.6 Resilience-based flood management and prevention . 23
7.6.1 Need statements . 23
7.6.2 Objectives . 23
7.6.3 Current practices . 23
7.6.4 Gaps . 24
7.6.5 Stakeholders . 24
7.6.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 25
7.6.7 Scenarios . 25
7.6.8 Requirements . 26
7.7 Flood management and prevention . 26
7.7.1 Need statements . 26
7.7.2 Objectives . 26
7.7.3 Current practices . 26
7.7.4 Gaps . 26
7.7.5 Stakeholders . 26
7.7.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 27
7.7.7 Scenarios . 28
7.7.8 Requirements . 28
7.8 Flood control and relief . 28
7.8.1 Need statements . 28
7.8.2 Objectives . 28
7.8.3 Current practices . 28
7.8.4 Gaps . 29
7.8.5 Stakeholders . 29
7.8.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 29
7.8.7 Scenarios . 29
7.8.8 Requirements . 30
7.9 Intelligent manhole cover monitoring system . 30
7.9.1 Need statements . 30
7.9.2 Objectives . 30
7.9.3 Current practices . 30
7.9.4 Gaps . 30
7.9.5 Stakeholders . 30
7.9.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 31
7.9.7 Scenarios . 31
7.9.8 Requirements . 31
7.10 Water data platform and cyber physical systems for urban water cycle
management . 32
7.10.1 Need statements . 32
7.10.2 Objectives . 32
7.10.3 Current practices . 32
7.10.4 Gaps . 32
7.10.5 Stakeholders . 33
7.10.6 Relationship between the stakeholders . 33
7.10.7 Scenarios . 33
7.10.8 Requirements . 34
8 Conclusions and recommendations. 34

– 4 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
Annex A (informative) List of stakeholders and description . 36
Annex B (informative) Use case using IEC 62559-2 template . 40
B.1 Use case overview table of the use case "XXXX" . 40
B.2 Description of the use case . 40
B.2.1 Name of use case . 40
B.2.2 Version management . 40
B.2.3 Scope and objectives of use case . 40
B.2.4 Narrative of use case . 40
B.2.5 Key performance indicators . 40
B.2.6 Use case conditions. 41
B.2.7 Further information to the use case for classification or mapping . 41
B.2.8 General remarks . 41
B.3 Diagrams of use case . 41
B.4 Technical details . 41
B.4.1 Actors . 41
B.4.2 References . 42
B.5 Step by step analysis of use case . 42
B.5.1 Overview of scenarios . 42
B.5.2 Steps-scenarios . 42
B.6 Information exchanged . 42
B.7 Requirements . 43
B.8 Common terms and definitions . 43
B.9 Custom information (optional) . 43
Annex C (informative) United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure
availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all . 44
Bibliography . 45

Figure 1 – Coupling characteristic of water system . 10
Figure 2 – A simple anatomy of water system . 11
Figure 3 – Stakeholders within water system . 11
Figure 4 – Approach for use case collection and analysis . 12
Figure 5 – Overview of the use case template . 14
Figure 6 – Relationship between stakeholders . 19
Figure 7 – Relationship between stakeholders . 22
Figure 8 – Relationship between stakeholders . 25
Figure 9 – Relationship between stakeholders . 27
Figure 10 – Relationship between stakeholders . 31
Figure 11 – Relationship between stakeholders . 33

Table 1 – Template for high-level use cases . 13
Table 2 – Template for user stories . 13
Table A.1 – List of stakeholders and description . 36

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SMART CITY USE CASE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS –
WATER SYSTEMS IN SMART CITIES –

Part 1: High-level analysis
FOREWORD
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IEC SRD 63301-1 has been prepared by IEC systems committee Smart Cities: Electrotechnical
aspects of Smart Cities. It is a Systems Reference Deliverable.
The text of this Systems Reference Deliverable is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
SyCSmartCities/351/DTS SyCSmartCities/359/RVDTS

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Systems Reference Deliverable is English.

– 6 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63301 series, published under the general title Smart city use case
collection and analysis – Water systems in smart cities, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION
The construction of a smart city can create benefits for a society and its stakeholders. Water is
a critical resource to support urban development and its sustainable use is recognized as a UN
Sustainable Development Goal. Water infrastructure development, water management
efficiency, water supply resilience, and the safe operation and use of water are important focal
areas for IEC SyC Smart Cities.
This document focuses on water systems management, specifically water security whether
directly from a natural source or via man-made infrastructure. Information and communications
technologies (ICT) and electro-technologies can provide greater visibility and control, however
their application does depend on the characteristics of individual water markets. Technology is
not a panacea for resolving all issues and problems.
A gap exists in effective coordination and clear orientation and how industry and stakeholders
are engaged within it.
Major stakeholders of water management and use include citizens, the water authority
(government), and organizations (associations, business groups, utility companies). Each
stakeholder has different and competing interests, market relationships and touch points to
water system infrastructure, processes, operations, management and use.
Modelling these complex interactions into a systems architecture is a valuable exercise in
understanding the issues, gaps and opportunities for sustainable water management.
This document focuses on use case collection and analysis to elicit requirements to support
technical committees such as ISO/TC 224 and ISO/TC 147 in preparing sustainable water
management standards for cities and communities.
This document also seeks to inform IEC technical committees to enable them to provide the
technical standards needed.
– 8 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
SMART CITY USE CASE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS –
WATER SYSTEMS IN SMART CITIES –

Part 1: High-level analysis
1 Scope
This part of IEC 63301 provides an overview of water systems in smart cities, establishes a
general approach for use case collection and analysis, and identifies major stakeholders and
application areas for high-level analysis of water systems.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
water system
open system that manages the capture, cleanliness, flow, storage, consumption, re-use and
disposal of water resources
Note 1 to entry: A water system covers water environment, water supply, water consumption, water draining and
water recycling, representing a multi-dimensional open system engaging nature, human behaviour, and socio-
economics.
Note 2 to entry: A city is only directly responsible for part of a water system, and coordinates with other agencies
working on the water environment.
3.2
smart water system
water system that uses information and communications technology to monitor and automate
operations, deliver supply in response to demand and manage its re-use and disposal in
efficient ways
Note 1 to entry: The data collection through the sensors allows near real-time management of a water service
system.
Note 2 to entry: Data analytics support planning, predicting, accurate management and intelligent control and
appropriate decision-making of a water service system.
Note 3 to entry: A smart water system supports safe and effective operation of a water system under all conditions.

3.3
use case
specification of a set of actions performed by a system, which yields an observable result that
is, typically, of value for one or more actors or other stakeholders of the system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 16.3.6]
3.4
use case template
form which allows the structured description of a use case in predefined fields
[SOURCE: SG-CG/M490/E:2012-11, 3.2]
3.5
actor
entity that communicates and interacts
[SOURCE: IEC 62559-2:2015, 3.2, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.6
grouping
group of actors in order to organize an actor list
3.7
stakeholder
individual, group or organization that has an interest in an organization or activity
Note 1 to entry: Usually a stakeholder can affect or is affected by the organization or the activity.
3.8
scenario
possible sequence of interactions
[SOURCE: SG-CG/M490/E: 2012-11, 3.10]
3.9
business case
use case which provides justification for undertaking a project, programme or portfolio, through
evaluating the benefit, cost and risk of alternative options
3.10
high-level use case
HLUC
use case which describes a general requirement, idea or concept independently from a specific
technical realization like an architectural solution
[SOURCE: SG-CG/M490/E: 2012-11, 3.4]
4 An overview of water system
4.1 Basic mechanism
4.1.1 Coupling characteristic
The water system is an open systematic compound characterized by coupling between natural
water system and economic and social (human) activities, as shown by Figure 1.

– 10 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024

Figure 1 – Coupling characteristic of water system
Natural water system supplies water resources and water environments for human, animal and
plant consumption, while also placing constraints on human behaviours as a result of flooding,
drought, and soil erosion. Careful proactive management of water is important to sustain natural
water resources use. This requires a combination of modern infrastructure and environmental
preservation to supply resources to urban communities, protect the natural environment through
effective and timely regulation and intervention, which is the very essence of the urban water
system.
Such a trilateral coupling characteristic of the water system constitutes the very basics for the
analysis of any water-related activities.
4.1.2 Integrality
According to Von Bertalanffy's General System Theory, the system as a whole is more than the
sum of individual constituting parts, and the integral function of the system prevails over the
aggregation of sectoral functions. When it comes to water system, it is important that a mentality
of integrality is upheld, with the operation of water environment, water source, water
consumption, water draining, and water recycling organized holistically, emphasizing general
performance and effectiveness of the water system.
In short, the smooth and optimized operation of the water system relies on coordinated and
efficient operation of each block joined together as a whole.
4.1.3 Dynamism
The operation of water system is closely linked to local ecological, economic, and social
conditions, as determined by the basic coupling characteristic. The study of water system is
therefore set on a dynamic course of evolution, affected by contemporary technological,
socio-economic backgrounds.
For this document, the study of water system is carried out against the backdrop of smart city,
so that fundamental ideology and concepts of smart city are brought into deliberation in this
document.
4.2 The ecosystem
For the water system, the conducting of human activities cannot be segregated from the status
of natural water system, in other words, the operating of water system follows the natural laws
for raw water as well as socio-economic rules for water utilization.

The major constituting blocks and interactions within water system are demonstrated in Figure 2,
ranging from natural water resources to social and economic factors related to water.

Figure 2 – A simple anatomy of water system
From the perspective of participating actors, the anatomy of water system given by Figure 2
can be further enriched to engage several groups of actors (groupings), as given by Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Stakeholders within water system
As depicted by Figure 3, generally four groups of stakeholders can be identified for water
systems:
• Authority: in charge of general water management.
• Public and consumer: directly engaged in water consumption, water conservation, water
draining, and takes a big interest in environmental issues.
• Water utility and water treatment: accountable for important processes of water supply,
water disposal, and water recycling.
• Interested parties: economic and social entities whose operational activities have an impact
on the water environment, for instance, agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing,
energy supply, recreation.
See Annex A for a full list of stakeholders.

– 12 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
5 Approach for use case collection and analysis
5.1 General
A top-down approach is adopted in the process of use case collection and analysis described
in this document, following the general methodology specified by the IEC 62559 series. See
Figure 4.
At the beginning of use case collection and analysis, a general study of water system is needed,
the purposes of the work of system study include identifying sub-systems, identifying basic
stakeholder needs, and forming materials for sub-system analysis as use case prototypes.
Use case building starts from breaking down stakeholder needs and developing use cases using
the templates.
Use cases can be arranged in database, based on which a set of common requirements can be
identified for water system so as to scope out a family of standards.

Figure 4 – Approach for use case collection and analysis
5.2 User stories
User stories are based on an initial stakeholder statement of need and corresponding actions
and outcome under certain circumstances. An example sentence is as follows:
"As a municipal government officer, when I am monitoring the water supply and water intake in
the city, I need to collect water storage reservoir and water inlet water quantity, water quality
monitoring data, thus I can have a comprehensive and intuitive grasp of the city's water
resources."
The key words are "As a" (Title), "when I am" (Situation), "I need to" (Motivation), "so that"
(Outcome).
6 Use case template consideration
6.1 Template for high-level use cases
High-level use cases are provided in the following format, see Table 1.

Table 1 – Template for high-level use cases
Need statements Description of the general need leading to the HLUC
Objectives Focus areas and goals that are essential to the HLUC
Current practice in use of people, process, technology, data,
policy to achieve the objective
Current practice
Rationale for the use case and alignment to related UN SDG6
indicator(s). See Annex C for information.
Gaps Gaps to be addressed for the HLUC
Stakeholders Stakeholder roles and responsibilities
Interacting patterns between the stakeholders that are of
Relationship between the stakeholders
importance for analysis of the HLUC
Scenarios Contextual illustration in relation to the HLUC
Requirements Specific requirements to be addressed

6.2 Template for user stories
The key words for user story template are "As a" (Title), "when I am" (Situation), "I want to"
(Motivation), "so that" (Outcome), see Table 2.
Table 2 – Template for user stories
No. Type of stakeholders Motivation Situation Expected outcomes User story description
6.3 Use case template
The use cases to be collected and analysed in this document are to be arranged using the
template provided by IEC 62559-2:2015, which gives a framework for a formal description of
particular use cases and is currently broadly accepted in the international community of
standardization, supported by plenty of useful tools, such as Use Case Management Repository
(UCMR) that has been used for common development and information sharing during the work
conducted in the context of the European Standardization Mandate M/490.
The structure of the IEC 62559-2 template is shown in Figure 5, which also provides an
overview of internal relations and the relation to actor list and the requirements list.
Because the IEC 62559-2 template is exhaustive, it can be argued that the description of
particular use cases is comparatively time consuming. To address this concern, the template
offers a short version; in accordance with IEC 62559-2, only the following fields are mandatory
covering the minimum short version of a use case which is mainly used for a first version of a
new use case:
– name of use case;
– author;
– date;
– narrative;
– actors.
– 14 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
The short version is the basis for the complete use case and can simply be extended with the
addition of further information, i.e. without rewriting the use case. Being self-explanatory, the
short version is seen as an easy starting point for domain experts without going into every detail
of the use case methodology and its complete use case template.

SOURCE: IEC 62559-2:2015, Figure 2.
Figure 5 – Overview of the use case template
Another point is that the IEC 62559-2 template is generally rooted in the study of smart grid; to
improve applicability of the template and achieve coordinated progress of use case collection,
IEC SyC Smart Cities is deliberating on pushing forward a new project on use case template
and methodology that is suitable for smart cities.
This document adopts the IEC 62559-2 template. Some of the key use cases are produced
using the full version template, as demonstrated by Annex B. Other use cases are arranged
using the short version.
7 Application areas
7.1 General
Based on the lifecycle of water systems, a range of application areas (or sub-systems) can be
identified. Specifically, this document deals with the following application areas.
– Application area 1: Water resource protection and preservation
– Application area 2: Robust water supply
– Application area 3: Smart water drainage system
– Application area 4: Resilience-based flood management and prevention
– Application area 5: Flood management and prevention
– Application area 6: Flood control and relief
– Application area 7: Intelligent manhole cover monitoring system
– Application area 8: Water data platform and cyber physical systems
Each application area may cover a set of HLUCs that share common concerns and features.
7.2 Structure for application area
Each of the above application area descriptions adheres to the following structure.
a) Need statements: Describing the problems and conditions for water systems that need to
be solved or addressed.
b) Objectives: Describing the aims or goals of applying water system solutions in the specific
area.
c) Current practices: Describing the existing exercises or operations in the specific application
area.
d) Gaps: Indicating the differences, especially undesirable ones, between needs statements
and the current practice.
e) Stakeholders: A person or group of people with an interest or concern in the specific
application areas.
f) Relationship between the stakeholders: Describe the way in which two or more stakeholders
interact with regard to water system.
g) Scenarios: the contextual illustration for specific application area.
h) Requirements: The requirement can be the function, user, data, laws and regulation,
standards, life cycle consideration and others relevant to the application area.
When describing stakeholders for the specific application area of water systems, the following
roles are used:
– Primary beneficiary: stakeholder who benefits directly from the solution.
– Secondary beneficiary: stakeholder who benefits indirectly from the solution.
– Tertiary beneficiary: stakeholder who benefits indirectly from the solution at one further step
removed.
– Owner: stakeholder who owns or manages the solution.
– Designer: stakeholder who can participate in designing the solution.
– Builder: stakeholder who can participate in building the solution.
– Maintainer: stakeholder who can participate in maintaining the solution.
– User: stakeholder who uses the solution to help meet their needs.

– 16 – IEC SRD 63301-1:2024 © IEC 2024
7.3 Water resource protection and preservation
7.3.1 Need statements
To rationally explore, use, preserve and protect water resources, prevent and control water
hazards, realize the sustainable use of water resources, in pace with economic and social
development.
7.3.2 Objectives
The major objectives for smart water solution regarding water resource protection and
preservation include the following.
• Establish an infrastructure framework that tracks the conditions of natural water bodies
covering rivers, reservoirs, lakes, among others, and supports corresponding actions.
• Guarantee the quality and supply of water to the urban supply network, minimizing water
loss.
7.3.3 Current practices
Water is critical for human life and urban development; however, problems like pollution,
shortage and imbalance have troubled cities globally, especially cities in the developing world,
which include:
a) unclear responsibilities and accountabilities – multiple governing bodies and agencies for
water pollution control without clear demarcations of responsibilities and effective structures
for cooperation, worsened by reliance on limited information sharing and transparency;
b) lack of timely information about water conditions (poor water quality, water leaks, etc.) to
support supply and demand;
c) lack of societal participation and engagement with citizens and communities.
7.3.4 Gaps
Access to clean water is a big concern for smart city construction. The predicament of water
preservation against the backdrop of quick urbanization shall be tackled with a new mind-set,
with the smart technologies applied with clear orientation building on the foundation of effective
use case collection and analysis.
7.3.5 Stakeholders
– Stakeholder 1: water quality monitoring officer
• Description: responsible for monitoring water quality, volume, surface cleanliness and
related activities (mining, fishing, etc.) of water bodies such as rivers and lakes
• Role: Primary beneficiary or designer or user
– Stakeholder 2: Sewage outflow monitoring officer
• Description: responsible for continuously monitoring sewage quality, volume and
ingredients of sewerage outflow, taking appropriate actions should there be a pollution
incident
• Role: Secondary beneficiary or designer or user
– Stakeholder 3: Comprehensive management officer
• Description: responsible for monitoring and managing the comprehensive status of water
bodies such as rivers and lakes, carrying out daily inspections an
...