IEC 62689-1:2016

IEC 62689-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Current and voltage sensors or detectors, to be used for fault passage
indication purposes –
Part 1: General principles and requirements

Capteurs ou détecteurs de courant et de tension, à utiliser pour indiquer le
passage d'un courant de défaut –
Partie 1: Exigences et principes généraux

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IEC 62689-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Current and voltage sensors or detectors, to be used for fault passage

indication purposes –
Part 1: General principles and requirements

Capteurs ou détecteurs de courant et de tension, à utiliser pour indiquer le

passage d'un courant de défaut –

Partie 1: Exigences et principes généraux

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-3361-0

– 2 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references. 11
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols . 13
3.1 General terms and definitions . 14
3.2 Terms and definitions related to neutral point treatment . 18
3.3 Terms and definitions related to dielectrics ratings . 19
3.4 Terms and definitions related to current ratings . 21
3.5 Terms and definitions related to other ratings . 21
3.6 Abbreviations and symbols . 21
4 Choice of FPI requirements according to network and fault type . 22
5 Overview of applications . 22
5.1 General description . 22
5.2 Application with regard to installation type . 24
5.2.1 Overhead line applications . 24
5.2.2 Underground cable application . 24
5.3 Application with regard to fault detection capability . 24
5.3.1 Single phase application . 24
5.3.2 Three-phase application . 24
5.3.3 Residual current application . 25
5.3.4 Three-phase and residual current application . 25
6 Application with regard to network configuration and operation . 25
7 FPI’s/DSU’s main elements . 25
7.1 General . 25
7.2 Current and voltage sensors . 25
7.2.1 General . 25
7.2.2 Accuracy for current (and voltage) sensors . 26
7.3 Transmission of signals between sensors and CPIU . 26
7.4 Conditioning, processing and indicating unit (CPIU) . 26
7.5 Human–Machine Interface (HMI) . 26
7.5.1 General . 26
7.5.2 Local display . 27
7.5.3 Remote display . 27
8 FPI/DSU classification and usage classes (data model and profile definition,
testing) . 27
8.1 General . 27
8.2 Integration of FPIs in the electrical grid . 28
8.2.1 FPI for local indication of fault detection . 28
8.2.2 FPIs for remote indication of fault detection . 29
8.2.3 DSUs fully integrated in network operation system (SCADA) . 29
8.3 Information from FPIs/DSUs . 29
8.3.1 General . 29
8.3.2 Information from FPIs for local indication of fault detection . 30
8.3.3 Information from FPIs for remote indication of fault detection . 30

8.3.4 Information from DSUs fully integrated in network operation system
(SCADA) . 31
8.4 FPI/DSU classification through performance/capabilities classes . 32
8.4.1 General . 32
8.4.2 Fault detection capability class . 34
8.4.3 Communication capability class . 34
8.4.4 Power supply class . 35
8.4.5 FPI/DSU additional optional feature classes not strictly related to pure
fault detection . 35
8.4.6 Complete FPI/DSU classification through performance/capability
classes . 36
9 Service conditions . 41
9.1 General . 41
9.2 Normal service conditions . 41
9.2.1 Auxiliary power supply . 41
9.2.2 Ambient air temperature . 41
9.2.3 Altitude . 42
9.2.4 Vibrations or earth tremors . 42
9.2.5 Other service conditions for indoor FPI/DSU . 42
9.2.6 Other service conditions for outdoor FPI/DSUs . 42
9.3 Special service conditions . 43
9.3.1 General . 43
9.3.2 Altitude . 43
9.3.3 Vibration or earthquakes . 43
10 Ratings . 43
10.1 General . 43
10.2 Rated primary voltage . 44
10.3 Standard values of rated voltage factor . 44
10.3.1 Earthed electronic voltage transformers . 44
10.3.2 Unearthed electronic voltage transformers . 44
10.4 Highest insulation levels for FPI primary terminals . 44
10.4.1 General . 44
10.4.2 Other requirements for FPI/DSU primary terminals insulation . 46
10.4.3 Insulation requirements for low voltage components (terminals of
secondary voltage sensors) . 46
10.5 Rated frequency range . 48
10.6 Rated primary current . 48
10.7 Rated short-time thermal current . 48
10.8 Rated dynamic current . 48
10.9 Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits . 48
10.10 Rated supply frequency of auxiliary circuits . 49
11 Design and construction . 49
11.1 General . 49
11.2 Requirement for insulation material in equipment . 49
11.3 Requirements for temperature rise of sensor parts and components . 49
11.3.1 General . 49
11.3.2 Influence of altitude on temperature-rise . 50
11.4 Earthing of equipment . 51
11.4.1 General . 51

– 4 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
11.4.2 Electrical continuity . 51
11.5 Maximum mass for clip on installation . 51
11.6 Marking and additional information . 52
11.6.1 Rating plate markings . 52
11.6.2 Terminal markings . 52
11.7 Degree of protection by enclosures . 53
11.7.1 General . 53
11.7.2 Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection
of the equipment against ingress of solid foreign objects . 53
11.7.3 Protection against ingress of water . 53
11.7.4 Recommended IP degrees: indoor installation . 54
11.7.5 Recommended IP degrees: outdoor installation . 54
11.7.6 Protection of equipment against mechanical impact under normal
service conditions . 54
11.8 Creepage distances . 54
11.8.1 Pollution . 54
11.8.2 Corrections . 55
11.9 Flammability . 55
11.10 Environmental compatibility . 55
11.10.1 General . 55
11.10.2 Requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 56
11.10.3 Requirements for climatic immunity . 58
11.10.4 Mechanical requirements . 59
11.11 Mechanical stresses on terminals (optional) . 59
12 Tests . 59
12.1 General . 59
12.1.1 Classification of tests . 59
12.1.2 List of tests . 60
12.2 Type tests . 60
12.2.1 General provisions for type tests . 60
12.2.2 Information for identification of specimen . 61
12.2.3 Information to be included in type test reports . 61
12.2.4 Short time current test . 62
12.2.5 Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals . 62
12.2.6 Temperature-rise test . 63
12.2.7 Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals . 63
12.2.8 Wet test for outdoor type transformers . 64
12.2.9 Low-voltage component voltage withstand test . 64
12.2.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) tests. . 64
12.2.11 Partial discharge test on primary terminals . 65
12.2.12 Verification of markings . 66
12.2.13 Verification of the degree of protection by enclosures . 66
12.2.14 Functional tests . 66
12.2.15 Climatic tests . 66
12.2.16 Mechanical tests . 67
12.3 Routine tests . 67
12.3.1 General . 67
12.3.2 Power-frequency voltage withstand test for primary terminals . 67
12.3.3 Power-frequency voltage withstand test for low-voltage components . 67

12.3.4 Partial discharge test on primary terminals . 67
12.3.5 Functional tests . 67
12.3.6 Verification of markings . 67
12.4 Special tests . 67
12.4.1 General . 67
12.4.2 Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals . 67
12.4.3 Fire hazard test . 68
12.4.4 Ageing test . 68
12.4.5 Mechanical stresses on terminals test . 68
Annex A (informative) Example of guide for the selection of equipment according to
use – information to be provided with inquiries, tenders, and orders . 69
Annex B (informative) Examples of possible FPI/DSU architectures . 70
Annex C (informative) Examples of FPI/DSU regarding communication capabilities . 75
Bibliography . 83

Figure 1 – General architecture of an FPI . 10
Figure 2 – Possible architecture of a typical FPI . 22
Figure 3 – Possible detailed architecture of a DSU in a wide extended configuration . 23
Figure 4 – Example of possible coexistence of different performance level FPIs/DSUs
on the same MV feeder . 28
Figure 5 – Example of possible ports to consider concerning insulation requirements
for LV components . 47
Figure 6 – Altitude correction factor for the temperature rise . 51
Figure B.1 – Example of a F5NC(or C) – T2 – P3 – 3 class FPI for underground cable
application . 70
Figure B.2 – Example of a F3NC(or C) – T1 – P2 – max 2 class FPI for underground
cable application . 71
Figure B.3 – Example of an F6NC –T4 – P3 – 4 class DSU for underground cable
application . 72
Figure B.4 – Example of an F6NC –T4 – P3 – 4 class DSU for underground cable
application . 73
Figure B.5 – Example of a F5C(or NC) – T2 – P4 – 3 class FPI for underground cable
application . 74
Figure C.1 – Example of an F1 (F2/F3) C (NC) – T2 – P2 – 1 (2) class FPI for outdoor
installation on overhead conductors . 75
Figure C.2 – Examples of an F4 (F5/F6) C (NC) – T2 – P3 (P4) – 3 (4) class DSU for
underground cable application . 77
Figure C.3 – Examples of an F4 (F5/F6) C (NC) – T2 – P3 (P4) – 4 class DSU for
underground cable application . 79
Figure C.4 – Examples of a F4 (F5/F6) C (NC) – T3 (T4) – P3 (P4) – 3(4) class DSU
for underground cable application . 82

Table 1 – FPI/DSU classification principles through classes to be used for data model
and profile definitions and testing . 33
Table 2 – FPI fault detection capability classes to be used for data model and profile
definition and testing . 34
Table 3 – Communication capability to be used for data model and profile definition
and testing . 35
Table 4 – Power supply class . 35

– 6 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
Table 5 – Additional optional feature classes (not strictly related to pure fault
detection) . 35
Table 6 – FPIs usage classes: fault detection capabilities and communication
capabilities . 37
Table 7 – FPI/DSU minimum and maximum temperatures . 41
Table 8 – Standard values of rated voltage factor (k ) . 44
u
Table 9 – Rated insulation levels . 45
Table 10 – Partial discharge test voltages and permissible levels . 46
Table 11 – Rated values of auxiliary supply voltage – d.c. voltage . 48
Table 12 – Rated values of auxiliary supply voltage – a.c. voltage . 49
Table 13 – Limits of temperature rise for various parts, materials and dielectrics of
sensors . 50
Table 14 – Unified specific creepage distance (USCD) . 55
Table 15 – Fire hazard of electrotechnical products . 55
Table 16 – Electromagnetic immunity requirements . 56
Table 17 – Climatic immunity requirements . 58
Table 18 – Mechanical immunity requirements. 59
Table 19 – List of tests . 60
Table 20 – EMC test . 64
Table 21 – Climatic tests . 66
Table 22 – Mechanical tests . 67

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SENSORS OR DETECTORS,
TO BE USED FOR FAULT PASSAGE INDICATION PURPOSES –

Part 1: General principles and requirements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62689-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 38:
Instrument transformers.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
38/503/FDIS 38/510/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 8 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62689 series, under the general title Current and voltage
sensors or detectors, to be used for fault passage indication purposes, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
0.1 General
The IEC 62689 series is a product family standard for current and voltage sensors or
detectors, to be used for fault passage indication purposes by suitable devices or functions,
indicated as fault passage indicator (FPI) or distribution substation unit (DSU), depending on
their performances.
Different names are used to indicate FPIs depending on the region of the world and on their
functionalities concerning capability to detect different kinds of faults, for instance:
• fault detector;
• smart sensor;
• faulted circuit indicator (FCI);
• short circuit indicator (SCI);
• earth fault indicator (EFI);
• test point mounted FCI.
• combination of the above.
Simpler versions, using only local information/signals and/or local communication, are called
FPI, while very evolved versions are called DSU. The latter are explicitly designed for smart
grids and based on IEC 60870-5 and IEC 61850 communication protocols. Compared to
instrument transformers, digital communication technology is subject to on-going changes
which are expected to continue in the future.
Profound experience with deep integration between electronics and instrument transformers
has yet to be gathered on a broader basis, as this type of equipment is not yet widespread in
the industry.
DSUs, besides FPI basic functions, may also optionally integrate additional auxiliary functions
such as:
• voltage presence/absence detection for medium voltage (MV) network automation, with
and without distributed energy resources presence (not for fault confirmation, which can
be a basic FPI function depending on the adopted fault detection method, neither for
safety-related aspects, which are covered by IEC 61243-5);
• measuring of voltage, current, and active and reactive power, etc., for various
applications, such as MV network automation, monitoring of power flows, etc.;
• smart grid management (such as voltage control and unwanted island operation) by
means of a proper interface with local distributed generators (DER);
• local output of collected information by means of suitable interfaces;
• remote transmission of collected information;
• others.
A general FPI scheme is outlined in Figure 1.
A DSU may have a much more complex scheme.

– 10 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
IEC
Key
A: Current (and, if necessary, voltage) sensors. 1 or 3 phases may be monitored.
B: Transmission of signals between sensors and electronics.
C: Local indications (lamps, LEDs, flags, etc.).
D: Analogue, digital and/or communication inputs/outputs for remote communication/commands (hard wired and/or
wireless).
E: Connections to field apparatus.
F: Signal conditioning, processing and indicating unit (CPIU).
G: Power supply.
Current sensor(s) may detect fault current passages without any need of galvanic connection to the phase(s) (for
instance in case of cable type current sensors or of magnetic field sensor).
Not all the above listed parts or functions are necessarily included in the FPI, depending on its complexity and on
its technology. However, at least 1 one of C or D functions shall be present.
Figure 1 – General architecture of an FPI
0.2 Position of this standard in relation to the IEC 61850 series
IEC 61850 is the series of International Standards intended to be used for communication and
systems to support power utility automation.
The IEC 62689 series will also introduce a dedicated namespace to support integration of
FPIs/DSUs into power utility automation.
In addition, it defines proper data models and different profiles of communication interfaces to
support the different use cases of these FPIs/DSUs.
Some of these use cases rely on the concept of extended substation, which is intended as the
communication among intelligent electronic devices (IED) through IEC 61850 located both
along MV feeders and in the main substation, for the most sophisticated FPI versions (for
smart grid applications, for instance, usually DSUs). Such a profile may not be limited to
FPI/DSU devices, but may embrace features needed to support extensions of these
substations along the MV feeders connected to the main substation themselves.

CURRENT AND VOLTAGE SENSORS OR DETECTORS,
TO BE USED FOR FAULT PASSAGE INDICATION PURPOSES –

Part 1: General principles and requirements

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62689 defines the minimum requirements (therefore performances) and
consequent classification and tests (with the exception of functional and communication ones)
for fault passage indicators (FPIs) and distribution substation units (DSUs) (including their
current and/or voltage sensors), which are, respectively, a device or a device/combination of
devices and/or functions able to detect faults and provide indications about their localization.
By localization of the fault is meant the fault position with respect to the FPI/DSU installation
point on the network (upstream or downstream from the FPI/DSU’s location) or the direction of
the fault current flowing through the FPI/DSU itself. The fault localization may be obtained
• directly from the FPI/DSU, or
• from a central system using information from more FPIs or DSUs,
considering the features and the operating conditions of the electric system where the
FPIs/DSUs are installed.
In this part of IEC 62689, the FPI/DSU classification is specified in detail, in accordance with
the first “core” classification defined in IEC 62689-2, which is explicitly focused on the
description of electric phenomena and electric system response during faults, considering the
most widely diffused distribution system architecture and fault typologies.
Thus, IEC 62689-2 is mainly focused on helping users in the correct choice of FPIs/DSUs,
whereas IEC 62689-1, IEC 62689-3 and IEC 62689-4 are mainly focused on FPI/DSU
requirements, communication and testing procedures, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60028, International standard of resistance for copper
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2-6: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)

– 12 – IEC 62689-1:2016 © IEC 2016
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db:Damp heat, cyclic
(12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
IEC 60071-1, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60121, Recommendation for commercial annealed aluminum electrical conductor wire
IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment (available at: http://www.graphical-
symbols.info/equipment
IEC 60455 (all parts), Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60695-1-30, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-30: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products – Preselection testing process – General guidelines
IEC 60695-7-1, Fire hazard testing – Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent – General guidance
IEC TS 60815 (all parts), Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for
use in polluted conditions
IEC TS 60815-1, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions – Part 1: Definitions, information and general principles
IEC TS 60815-2, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions – Part 2: Ceramic and glass insulators for a.c. systems
IEC TS 60815-3, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in
polluted conditions – Part 3: Polymer insulators for a.c. systems
IEC 60870-5-101, Telecontrol equipment and systems – Part 5-101: Transmission protocols –
Companion sta
...