IEC TR 62978:2017

IEC TR 62978 ®
Edition 1.0 2017-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
HVDC installations – Guidelines on asset management
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IEC TR 62978 ®
Edition 1.0 2017-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
HVDC installations – Guidelines on asset management

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.01; 03.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-4829-4

− 2 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 HVDC asset . 12
4.1 Asset background . 12
4.2 Asset facilities . 13
4.3 Asset components and layout arrangement . 13
5 Asset management policy and strategy . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Common policy and practices . 17
5.3 Asset management framework . 18
6 Risk management . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Risk management requirements . 20
6.3 Common policy and practices . 21
7 Asset management life cycle activities . 22
7.1 General . 22
7.2 Asset management decision process . 22
7.3 Life cycle costing . 24
7.3.1 General . 24
7.3.2 Forecasting O&M costs due to asset failures . 24
7.3.3 Forecasting capital replacement costs due to asset failures . 25
7.4 Spares strategies . 26
7.5 Life extension strategies . 26
7.6 Run to failure strategies . 28
7.7 Refurbishment of HVDC system . 28
8 Change management . 28
8.1 General . 28
8.2 Common policy and practices . 29
8.3 Development of resources in HVDC system . 29
8.3.1 General . 29
8.3.2 Skill retention and development in HVDC system . 29
8.3.3 Factors in deciding level of HVDC skill retention . 29
8.3.4 Skill retention under different organizational relationships . 30
8.3.5 Establishing a productive work culture . 30
8.3.6 Alliances and partnership . 31
8.3.7 Maintaining capabilities over the long term . 31
9 HVDC maintenance . 31
9.1 General . 31
9.2 Common policy and practices . 33
9.3 Special tools and maintenance equipment . 34
9.4 Impact of major spares . 35
9.5 Strategic spares . 35
9.5.1 Philosophy and common practices . 35

9.5.2 Sharing of strategic spares between users/utilities. 37
9.5.3 Storage considerations . 38
9.6 Work safety . 38
9.7 HVDC thyristor valve maintenance – Periodic maintenance . 39
9.8 Converter transformer maintenance . 39
9.9 Converter transformer replacement . 40
9.10 Reactor maintenance . 40
10 Asset management of co-owned HVDC project . 41
10.1 General . 41
10.2 Project planning stage . 41
10.3 Project implementation and commissioning . 41
10.4 HVDC system maintenance management after commissioning . 41
10.5 HVDC system operation management . 41
11 HVDC reliability and availability . 42
11.1 General . 42
11.2 Performance monitoring policy and practices . 43
11.3 General requirements on performance monitoring of HVDC system . 44
11.4 Availability and reliability measurement . 44
11.4.1 General . 44
11.4.2 Scheduled maintenance outages . 45
11.4.3 Outage and curtailment times . 45
11.5 Verification of availability and reliability performance . 46
11.6 Availability and reliability calculations . 46
11.7 Reliability criteria of HVDC control and protection system . 46
11.8 Alternative methods in achieving high performance . 47
12 Documentation and records . 48
12.1 General . 48
12.2 Common policy and practices . 48
12.3 Information management . 48
12.4 Types of documentation . 50
12.5 Document identification . 50
12.6 "As-built" drawings and data . 50
12.7 Submittal quantities and schedule . 51
12.8 Inventory list . 51
12.9 System studies, equipment specifications, calculations and drawings . 51
12.9.1 General . 51
12.9.2 Control system hardware design document . 52
12.9.3 Digital control system software design document . 52
12.10 Operation manuals . 53
12.11 Maintenance manuals . 53
13 Training requirements . 54
13.1 General . 54
13.2 Common policy and practices . 54
13.3 Training for design engineers . 55
13.4 Training for staff participating in commissioning . 55
13.5 Training for operators and maintenance staff . 55
13.6 Training on communication system . 56
13.7 Training support . 56

− 4 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017
13.8 Advance or intensive training at factory . 56
13.9 Operation and maintenance training . 56
13.10 Training course content . 57
13.11 Training materials . 57
Annex A (informative) Sharing of HVDC strategic spares . 58
Annex B (informative) User survey . 59
Bibliography . 60

Figure 1 – Typical bipolar thyristor based HVDC system . 16
Figure 2 – Asset management perspective . 19
Figure 3 – Issues influencing asset management life cycle decisions . 23
Figure 4 – Operation and maintenance coordination of co-owned HVDC system . 42
Figure A.1 – Typical method of sharing HVDC strategic spares . 58

Table 1 – Main asset components of an HVDC system . 14
Table 2 – Typical risk assessment parameters . 21
Table 3 – HVDC equipment lifetime . 27
Table 4 – Typical HVDC maintenance activities, intervals and methods . 33
Table 5 – Time frame and scale of maintenance activities . 34
Table 6 – Summary of maintenance methodologies . 34
Table 7 – Special tools and maintenance equipment . 35
Table 8 – Control and protection spares. 37
Table 9 – Communication, control and protection miscellaneous spares . 37
Table 10 – Storage of HVDC spare equipment . 38
Table 11 – Equipment failures that caused unplanned outage time . 43

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HVDC INSTALLATIONS – GUIDELINES ON ASSET MANAGEMENT

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC TR 62978, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 115:
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission for DC voltages above 100 kV.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
115/148/DTR 115/159/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

− 6 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
Asset management is defined as the act of structured and coordinated efforts by an
organization to optimally manage its assets and their associated performance, risks and
expenditures over their life cycle.
The management of physical assets (their selection, maintenance, inspection and renewal)
plays a key role in determining the operational performance and profitability of industries that
operate their assets as part of their core business.
In general, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems have specific requirements that need
to be addressed separately as compared to conventional High Voltage Alternating Current
(HVAC) power transmission due to underlying differences in technology.
HVDC systems are a well proven technology employed for bulk power transmission all over
the world, mainly because of its superior controllability of transmitted power. It can be utilized
for various applications such as stabilization of the connected Alternating Current (AC)
network, dynamic control of frequency and modulation of active and reactive powers. In
addition, HVDC is more economical for long distance transmission of bulk power and
applicable for interconnecting asynchronous AC networks.
An international standard defining key elements of asset management framework for HVDC
installations is therefore crucial to provide ample foundation for best practices to be
implemented to achieve high efficiency, availability and reliable long-term operation.
At present the activities with respect to asset management are standardized as International
Standard in the ISO 55000 series. The general principles are given in ISO 55000 with further
details in ISO 55001:2014, Asset management – Management systems – Requirements and
ISO 55002:2014, Asset management – Management systems – Guidelines for the application
of ISO 55001. These standards are developed from the British Standard Institute (PAS-
55:2008), which recommends a general asset management framework for physical assets.
The PAS 55-1:2008 document was referred to in the initial development of this technical
report.
In the absence of a credible standard reference on asset management of HVDC, utilities all
over the world presently practice HVDC asset management based on their own interpretation
and experience gathered through the years, which may not be in line with the best and
prudent practices. This IEC Technical Report on the guidelines of asset management for
HVDC installations is the first step, moving forward, in providing a standard framework and
reference point for operators and owners of an HVDC installation based on best industry
practices.
− 8 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017
HVDC INSTALLATIONS – GUIDELINES ON ASSET MANAGEMENT

1 Scope
This document gives guidelines on the current asset management perspectives for HVDC
installations based on best practices of asset owners, operators, users, original equipment
manufacturers and regulators within the power industry.
Asset management is a set of systematic and coordinated activities and practices through
which an organization optimally and sustainably manages its asset and asset systems, their
associated performance, risks and expenditures over their life cycles for the purpose of
achieving its organizational strategic plan.
An asset management system is the embodiment of the asset life cycle starting from asset
planning, creation, utilization, operation, maintenance, and to the extent of, the retirement and
disposal of the asset. It consists of the organization’s asset management policy, asset
management strategy, asset management objectives, asset management plans and the
activities, processes and organizational structures necessary for their development,
implementation and continual improvement.
The scope is limited to the DC plant/equipment side of the HVDC system including related AC
components of the HVDC converter station. This document covers all equipment of HVDC
converter station and electrode station but does not include DC lines and cables.
This document covers HVDC systems with Line-Commutated Converters (LCC) and can be
generally applied to Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC), not including specific equipment or
sub-equipment required under VSC.
This document on asset management covers:
a) policy and strategy;
b) training;
c) information management;
d) change management;
e) life-cycle costing;
f) tools;
g) performance monitoring and measurement;
h) documentation, operation and maintenance; and
i) risk management.
This document provides base guidelines on fundamental aspects and prudent practices to be
considered by stake holders in managing HVDC assets. Compliance to additional
requirements and recommendations stipulated in this document by the supplier or OEM are
non-obligatory, unless explicitly specified by the customer.
The guideline was prepared based on the following references to establish best practices:
– published documents from other related organizations e.g. CIGRE;
– an international survey on current practices of HVDC installations conducted by
IEC TC 115 (see Annex B);
– regional and international forum on management of HVDC assets;

– HVDC user working group; and
– asset management practitioners.
The international survey document and results on the asset management practices are
available with the Secretariat of IEC TC 115.
The main objective of this document is to highlight an asset management standard framework
for HVDC installations based on best known industry practices. This guideline can be
beneficial as reference document in the management of HVDC assets.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60633:1998, Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
IEC 60633:1998/AMD1:2009
IEC 60633:1998/AMD2:2015
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply; other
terminology is as per IEC 60633.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
asset inventory
list of assets in service or kept as spares
3.2
asset manager
person who manages the plant/asset and is responsible for the overall planning, operation,
maintenance and performance of the asset in accordance with set criteria as assigned by the
asset owner
3.3
asset owner
person who owns the plant/asset or is given the role as the operator, caretaker or manager
who is responsible for and manages the plant/asset on behalf of the owner, sometimes
functions as the asset manager
3.4
asset worker
staff/worker/employee who carries out the work as set out by the asset manager
3.5
asset useful life
time interval of the asset, from its first use to the end of life, where user requirements are no
longer met due to economics of operation and maintenance, or obsolescence

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3.6
asset tagging
identification method to recognize an asset and its associated information
3.7
barcode tagging
identification method using barcode labelling to embed asset details
3.8
computerised maintenance management system
CMMS
coordination of maintenance activities through specialised computer applications
3.9
condition based maintenance
CBM
preventive maintenance based on the assessment of physical conditions
3.10
condition monitoring system
CMS
system used in obtaining information about physical state or operational parameters
3.11
corrective maintenance
CM
maintenance carried out after fault detection to effect restoration
3.12
delivery point performance
DPP
performance measured at the point whereby the asset ownership and its functions are
transferred to another entity
3.13
emergency response plan
ERP
set of pre-defined processes used to protect critical assets of an organisation from hazard
risks, e.g. from unplanned outages, system disturbances and disasters, and to ensure the
continuance of plant/equipment operation within their planned lifetime
3.14
energy availability
EA
measure of the energy which could have been transmitted except for limitations of capacity
due to outages
3.15
energy unavailability
EU
measure of the energy which could not have been transmitted due to outages
3.16
exposure hours
EH
maximum number of hours that it is considered the HVDC system could have been in service
if there had been no failures of equipment within the scope of supply. It is the number of
hours in the reporting period adjusted for reductions in operating time due to unavailability of

external equipment (for example, AC transmission lines and outages caused by other
equipment not in the contractor's scope of supply).
3.17
forced outage rate
FOR
number of forced outages that would occur during a one-year exposure period. It is calculated
from the number of forced outage events caused by the equipment in the OEM's supply during
the exposure hours in the reporting period
Note 1 to entry The Forced Outage Rate should be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
FOR = number of Forced Outage Events during the reporting period (Exposure Hours (EH)/8760).
3.18
life cycle activities
activities carried out throughout operational life cycle of equipment, particularly to prolong
performance and/or useable life span
3.19
life cycle cost analysis
analysis to estimate prospective cost throughout the operational life of equipment/plant
3.20
life extension/refurbishment strategy
strategy to prolong useable lifespan of equipment/plant
3.21
minimum stock level
least possible quantity of a product/plant/equipment to be kept as spares
3.22
nameplate tagging
identification method using traditional nameplate to engrave relevant asset details
3.23
operational based maintenance
OBM
generic maintenance technique in which in-service equipment maintenance is performed
based on operating conditions, period and other related parameters
3.24
original equipment manufacturer
OEM
company (manufacturer) that makes/produces the individual
equipment/plant/system/subsystem which is purchased/used/utilised by another company
(herein referred to as the asset owner)
3.25
preventive maintenance
PM
maintenance carried out to mitigate degradation and reduce the probability of failure
3.26
rehabilitation and refurbishment
activity conducted as part of asset renewal, commonly done at the end of asset life

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3.27
reliability
ability to perform as required without failure for a given time interval under given conditions
Note 1 to entry: The reliability will be assessed by determining the Forced Outage Rate (FOR) of the HVDC
system.
3.28
reliability centred maintenance
RCM
systematic method for determining the respective maintenance actions and associated
frequencies, based on the probability and consequences of failure
3.29
schedule maintenance
maintenance carried out in accordance with a specified time schedule
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as Time Based Maintenance (TBM).
3.30
service provider
entity that provides services in the management of the asset, mainly in the areas of
maintenance, training and provision of parts and technical support
3.31
strategic spares
critical spare parts of equipment/plant/system that are purposely kept to ensure rapid or
immediate maintenance operation when required
3.32
supplier
party that supplies goods or services to organizations, differently than contractor, with added
specialized input such as overall engineering and system design
Note 1 to entry: Can be a manufacturer or Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor.
4 HVDC asset
4.1 Asset background
Electrical power is generated as an Alternating Current (AC) and transmitted as well as
distributed as AC, and apart from certain traction and industrial drives and processes, it is
consumed as AC.
In many circumstances, however, it is economically and technically advantageous to introduce
Direct Current (DC) links into the electrical supply network and in some particular situations, it
may be the only feasible method of power transmission. When two AC systems cannot be
synchronized or when the distance to transmit the large power by overhead line or cable is
too long for stable and economic operation, a DC transmission is often the most viable
solution.
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is a well proven technology employed for power
transmission all over the world, given the need for large bulk power transmission which has
grown along with the consumption, and the increased exchange of energy between different
power pools. This power exchange results from it being more economical to utilize the
installed generating capacity in different regions than to build new power stations in each
region.
The development of the HVDC technology has also contributed to make HVDC more
competitive in comparison to HVAC, thus making HVDC feasible in more projects than before.
A well-known technical advantage of HVDC is in its inherent ability for control of transmitted
power. The controllability can be utilized for different objectives such as stabilization of the
connected AC network, control of the frequency of a receiving island network and in assisting
frequency control of generator radially connected to the rectifier of an HVDC transmission.
Combined active and reactive power modulation feature can be applied when found
advantageous.
By the early 1970s thyristor valves began replacing mercury arc valves, and until late 1990s
all systems have employed the same semiconductor technology. This is now complemented
with the development of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) with high voltage ratings,
which in turn accelerates the development of Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC) for HVDC
applications, mainly in the weak power network and lower power range. VSC uses
self-commutated semiconductor devices.
4.2 Asset facilities
Most of the facilities required for the HVDC converter stations, AC switchyards associated
with the converter system, cable terminal stations, electrode stations, fibre optic
communication systems and other works are as specified below, including but not limited to
the following:
a) all civil works, foundations, firewalls and structures and perimeter fencing for the AC / DC
switchyards associated with the converter station including the transformers and AC filter
areas;
b) AC switchyard equipment including power transformer and buses;
c) valve hall;
d) DC switchyard and DC filter;
e) AC switchyard control and relay equipment;
f) AC / DC converter equipment;
g) cable terminal stations including all facilities, buildings, fencing and surveillance and
security systems;
h) DC ground electrodes including terminal facilities;
i) firefighting system including water storage and pump house, and
j) transformer oil and glycol containment and oil-water separation systems.
4.3 Asset components and layout arrangement
The main assets for HVDC installation at the facilities as mentioned above are given in Table
1 and a typical simplified layout arrangement in Figure 1.

− 14 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017
Table 1 – Main asset components of an HVDC system
Asset Component/Equipment
1 Converter Thyristor valves and valve base electronics.
Valve cooling equipment and cooling control
2 Converter transformer Converter transformer and associated equipment.
3 AC filters and high frequency (HF) AC harmonic filters and shunt capacitor.
Filters
AC-side high frequency filters for the converter transformer
connections to the AC.
4 Smoothing reactor Dry or oil filled smoothing reactor connected in series with
converter (bridge).
5 AC shunt reactor AC shunt reactor and assosiated component.
6 DC filters and high frequency (HF) DC harmonic filters and associated component.
filters
DC-side high frequency filters for connections to the DC
switchyards.
DC neutral bus surge capacitors.
Blocking filter arrangement, e.g. tuned to fundamental frequency,
to mitigate coupling from parallel AC circuits.
7 DC switchyard equipment DC measuring devices for current and voltage.
DC wall bushings for high voltage and neutral buses.
DC switchgear including surge arresters, high speed circuit
breakers and any associated equipment needed to ensure current
zeros can be achieved, DC high speed switches, high voltage and
low voltage disconnectors, earthing switches, bushings,
insulators, tubular bus, conductor, connectors and other
associated hardware as applicable.
DC neutral bus equipment.
DC switchyard structures and connections.
Fault location coupling devices.
8 AC switchyard equipment AC circuit breaker.
Disconnector.
Current and voltage transformers.
AC switchgear equipment related to converter station and
associated equipment including surge arresters, earthing
switches, bushings, insulators, tubular bus, conductor, connectors
and other associated hardware as applicable.
9 AC and DC control and protection Control and protection for the HVDC system, DC converters, DC
equipment switchyards, DC transmission line and DC cables, converter
transformer, smoothing reactor and DC filter equipment.
Control and protection for AC switchyard equipment, AC filter and
reactive power compensation equipment.
Control and protection for valve cooling system.
Station auxiliary system control and protection.
Electrode line protection and monitoring systems.
Fault location and fault recorder equipment for HVDC
transmission lines and HVDC cables.
Control equipment required for electrode and electrode line
protection and monitoring, and associated communication
interfaces for exchanging signals with the associated converter
station.
10 Fire detection and protection Fire detection and alarm systems for the converter stations
systems including but not limited to:
All fire protection systems in the valve hall, including the DC
switchyard and DC filter buildings and AC switchyard control
buildings.
Water deluge fire protection systems for oil immersed
transformers and reactors and oil filled bushings.
Stand-by diesel pump for fire protection.
Fire protection water supply and storage.
11 Electrode stations Land or sea electrodes.
Connecting cables between electrode segments and incoming
electrode lines.
Disconnects to isolate electrode or segments of the electrode.
Current measuring devices for electrode segments.
Electrode line protection and monitoring.
12 Auxiliary AC supply LVAC supply to cooling and valve for the converter asset.
AC distribution board.
UPS for AC supply to critical equipment.

− 16 − IEC TR 62978:2017 © IEC 2017

IEC
NOTE 1 Actual station configuration subject to individual HVDC scheme project specification.
NOTE 2 The scope excludes DC lines and DC cables.
Figure 1 – Typical bipolar thyristor based HVDC system
5 Asset management policy and strategy
5.1 General
In asset management, an integral part of the management system is to establish policy and
strategy for the organization in terms of its asset management principles, approach and
directions. The policy and strategy are to be applied throughout the life-cycle management of
the organization’s physical asset. The policy and strategy should also comply with any
legislative or other legally-binding regulations in regards to the organization’s business and
operations.
In the asset management policy, the document is expected to provide the asset management
framework to support and in alignment with the organizational strategic plan as well as the
mission and vision of the organization. The framework should be in accordance with the
organization portfolio of physical assets and nature of its business operations. Additionally,
the policy should be consistent with respect to other established organizational policies.

For the asset management strategy, the document is expected to derive further detail of the
asset management framework stated in the policy. In doing so, the strategy should state the
desired outcome from the assets for the long run in support of the organizational strategic
plan. The strategy document should also clearly state the enablers and controls in the asset
management system, along with the applied methods, as a platform in the implementation of
the asset management activities and in ensuring sustainable development of the asset
management system.
Additionally, criteria on prioritization and optimization of the assets should be established for
comprehensive implementation of asset management activities within the organization’s
resources and capacity towards significant and impactful result and performance.
Both documents should be documented and maintained appropriately. The documents should
be reviewed for any changes to the organizational strategic plan and/or changes in the
principles, approach and directions of the organ
...