EN IEC 60477-2:2022
(Main)Laboratory resistors - Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors
Laboratory resistors - Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors
This part of IEC 60477 applies to resistors intended as laboratory AC resistors for use over a range of frequencies from DC up to a stated frequency which is not in excess of 1 MHz. Such resistors are hereinafter referred to as "AC resistors". In addition to satisfying the requirements of IEC 60477, resistors satisfying the requirements of this standard are designed to have a small variation of resistance and a small phase displacement over the stated frequency range. Because of the uncertainties in AC properties which can result from stray inductances, stray capacitances, eddy currents, dielectric absorption effects and skin effect, the AC resistors to which this standard applies are classified according to their construction (see Annex D), as follows: a) Two-terminal resistor which each of one terminal both for current and potential; b) Three-terminal resistor which has one more shield terminal (also could be called as guard terminal) connected to the electric screen than the two-terminal resistor to reduce the stray capacitances effect; c) Four-terminal resistor which has independent current terminals and potential terminals to reduce the stray inductances and contact resistances; d) Five-terminal resistor which has one more shield terminal than the four-terminal resistor; e) Four-terminal coaxial resistor which has two terminal-pairs with the outer shield conductors working as the low terminal of current or potential; f) Two-terminal-pair resistor which has two terminal-pairs with the outer shield conductors working as the return path for the signal current (not grounded); g) Four-terminal-pair resistor which has four terminal-pairs with the outer shield conductors working as the return path for the signal current (not grounded) to eliminate the effect of mutual coupling between the current and potential leads.
Labor-Widerstände - Teil 2: Labor- Wechselstromwiderstände
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 2: Résistances de laboratoire à courant alternatif
L'IEC 60477-2:2022 s’applique aux résistances destinées à être utilisées comme résistances de laboratoire à courant alternatif dans un domaine de fréquences allant du courant continu jusqu’à une fréquence déclarée ne dépassant pas 1 MHz. Ces résistances sont, par la suite, désignées par l’expression "résistances à courant alternatif". Les résistances qui, non seulement, satisfont aux exigences de l’IEC 60477-1, mais qui satisfont aussi aux exigences du présent document sont conçues de façon à avoir une variation de résistance faible et un déphasage faible dans le domaine de fréquences déclaré. L'IEC 60477-2:2022 annule et remplace la première édition parue en 1979 et l’Amendement 1:1997. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente: a) extension du domaine de fréquences des résistances à courant alternatif à 1 MHz; b) mise à jour des termes et définitions conformément à la série IEC 60050; c) ajout de la définition de la différence entre le courant alternatif et le courant continu pour une résistance à courant alternatif; d) ajout de la classification des résistances en fonction de la résistance en courant alternatif ou à l’indice de différence entre le courant alternatif et le courant continu; e) mise à jour de la classification en fonction de la construction des résistances à courant alternatif; f) mise à jour des symboles de sécurité et des exigences conformément à l’IEC 60477-1; g) ajout des circuits équivalents à trois éléments d’une résistance à courant alternatif à l’Annexe C; h) ajout de l’annexe relative aux constructions des résistances à courant alternatif.
Laboratorijski upori - 2. del: Laboratorijski upori za izmenični tok (IEC 60477-2:2022)
Ta del standarda IEC 60477 se uporablja za upore, ki so predvideni kot laboratorijski upori za izmenični tok za uporabo v frekvenčnem območju od enosmernega toka do navedene frekvence, ki ne presega 1 MHz. Za take upore se v nadaljnjem besedilu uporablja izraz »upori za izmenični tok«.
Poleg izpolnjevanja zahtev iz standarda IEC 60477 so upori, ki ustrezajo zahtevam iz tega standarda, zasnovani tako, da imajo v določenem frekvenčnem območju majhno spremembo upornosti in majhen fazni pogrešek.
Zaradi negotovosti pri lastnostih izmeničnega toka, ki so lahko posledica blodeče induktivnosti, blodeče kapacitivnosti, vrtinčnih tokov, učinkov dielektrične absorpcije in segrevanja površine, so upori za izmenični tok iz tega standarda razvrščeni glede na njihovo izvedbo (glej dodatek D), kot sledi:
a) upor z dvema priključkoma, od katerih vsak vključuje po en priključek za tok in potencial;
b) upor s tremi priključki, pri katerem je z električnim zaslonom povezan en zaščitni priključek več kot pri uporu z dvema priključkoma, s čimer se zmanjša učinek blodeče kapacitivnosti;
c) upor s štirimi priključki, ki vključuje neodvisne priključke za tok in potencial, s čimer se zmanjšata blodeča induktivnost in kontaktna upornost;
d) upor s petimi priključki, ki vključuje en zaščitni priključek več kot upor s štirimi priključki;
e) koaksialni upor s štirimi priključki, ki vključuje dva para priključkov z zunanjimi zaščitnimi vodniki, ki delujejo kot priključek za tok oziroma potencial;
f) upor z dvema paroma priključkov, ki vključuje dva para priključkov z zunanjimi zaščitnimi vodniki, ki delujejo kot povratna pot za signalni tok (neozemljen);
g) upor s štirimi pari priključkov, ki vključuje štiri pare priključkov z zunanjimi zaščitnimi vodniki, ki delujejo kot povratna pot za signalni tok (neozemljen), da se odpravi učinek medsebojnega spajanja vodov toka in potenciala.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60477-2:2000
SIST EN 60477-2:2000/A1:2000
Laboratorijski upori - 2. del: Laboratorijski upori za izmenični tok (IEC 60477-
2:2022)
Laboratory resistors - Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors (IEC 60477-2:2022)
Labor-Widerstände - Teil 2: Labor-Wechselstromwiderstände (IEC 60477-2:2022)
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 2: Résistances de laboratoire à courant alternatif
(IEC 60477-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60477-2:2022
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60477-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2022
ICS 17.220.20; 31.040.01 Supersedes EN 60477-2:1997 + A1:1997
English Version
Laboratory resistors - Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors
(IEC 60477-2:2022)
Résistances de laboratoire - Partie 2: Résistances de Labor-Widerstände - Teil 2: Labor-
laboratoire à courant alternatif Wechselstromwiderstände
(IEC 60477-2:2022) (IEC 60477-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-05-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60477-2:2022 E
European foreword
The text of document 85/822/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60477-2, prepared by IEC/TC 85
"Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities" was submitted to the IEC-
CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 60477-2:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-02-04
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-05-04
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60477-2:1997 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60477-2:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60477-1 - Laboratory resistors - Part 1: Laboratory - -
DC resistors
IEC 60477-2 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Laboratory resistors –
Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors
Résistances de laboratoire –
Partie 2: Résistances de laboratoire à courant alternatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20; 31.040.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1092-7
– 2 – IEC 60477-2:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Resistor characterization and construction. 8
4.1 Resistor characterization . 8
4.2 Resistor construction . 9
5 General requirements . 9
5.1 DC resistance, AC resistance and time constant . 9
5.2 Multiple resistors . 10
5.3 Multi-dial resistors. 10
5.4 Connecting leads . 10
5.5 Conditions for the determination of DC and AC characteristics . 11
6 Permissible variations . 11
7 Further electrical and mechanical requirements . 12
8 Information, markings and symbols . 12
8.1 Information . 12
8.2 Markings and symbols . 12
Annex A (informative) Examples of markings . 14
A.1 Example of marking for a single AC resistor . 14
A.2 Example of marking for a five-dial AC resistor . 14
Annex B (informative) General considerations regarding laboratory AC resistors . 16
Annex C (informative) Equivalent circuits of an AC resistor . 18
C.1 General . 18
C.1.1 Two-element equivalent circuit of an AC resistor . 18
C.1.2 Three-element equivalent circuits . 20
C.2 Guard terminal . 23
Annex D (informative) Construction of AC resistors . 24
D.1 Construction and electrical definition of the impedance . 24
D.2 Two-terminal resistor . 24
D.3 Three-terminal resistor . 24
D.4 Four-terminal resistor . 25
D.5 Five-terminal resistor . 25
D.6 Four-terminal coaxial resistor . 26
D.7 Two-terminal-pair resistor . 26
D.8 Four-terminal-pair resistor . 27
Figure A.1 – Example of marking for a single AC resistor . 14
Figure A.2 – Example of marking for a five-dial resistor . 14
Figure C.1 – The three-element equivalent circuit of an AC resistor (Category A) . 20
Figure C.2 – The three-element equivalent circuit of an AC resistor (Category C) . 22
Figure D.1 – Two-terminal resistor . 24
Figure D.2 – Three-terminal resistor . 25
Figure D.3 – Four-terminal resistor . 25
IEC 60477-2:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
Figure D.4 – Five-terminal resistor . 26
Figure D.5 – Four-terminal coaxial resistor . 26
Figure D.6 – Two-terminal-pair resistor . 27
Figure D.7 – Four-terminal-pair resistor . 27
Table 1 – Limits of the AC resistance relative uncertainty . 9
Table 2 – Limits of the AC/DC difference . 10
Table 3 – Upper limit of the nominal range of use for frequency . 11
– 4 – IEC 60477-2:2022 © IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LABORATORY RESISTORS –
Part 2: Laboratory AC resistors
FOREWORD
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