CEN/TR 16208:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2014
Bioizdelki - Pregled standardov
Biobased products - Overview of standards
Biobasierte Produkte - Übersicht über Normen
Produits biosourcés - Vue d'ensemble des normes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16208:2011
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16208
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2011
ICS 13.020.60; 71.100
English Version
Biobased products - Overview of standards
Produits biosourcés - Vue d'ensemble des normes Biobasierte Produkte - Übersicht von Normen und
Standards
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 March 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/SS N99.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16208:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Criteria & approach . 4
2.1 Results presented in this report. 4
2.2 Criteria list . 4
2.3 Analysis approach . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 Bio-content / Amount of renewable raw materials . 5
3.2 Product functionality / Technical performance . 6
3.3 End of life / Biodegradability / Compostability / Recycling / Durability . 7
3.4 Life-Cycle Assessment / GHG emissions / Energy use / Other LCA criteria . 8
3.5 Sustainability / Environmental / Social / Economic criteria . 9
4 Standards and documents analysis matrix .10
5 Scope of standards .13
5.1 Vocabulary .13
5.2 Life Cycle Analysis .14
5.3 Bio-based content .30
5.4 Specific products .33
6 Coverage of criteria .43
6.1 Bio-based content .43
6.2 Product functionality .43
6.3 End of life .46
6.4 Life-Cycle Analysis .47
6.5 Sustainability.48
7 Conclusions .50
Annex A (informative) End-of-Life standards .51
Annex B (informative) Related Technical Committees .56
Bibliography .57

Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16208:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/BT/WG 209 “Bio-
based products”,, the secretariat of which is held by DIN .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

1 Scope
This Technical Report analyzes a set of standards, documents and other reports, related to bio-based
products. The report is limited to the aims of mandate M/429 on bio-based products, and hence excludes
traditional products, energy applications and food.
2 Criteria & approach
2.1 Results presented in this report
1. Criteria and approach
2. A standards and documents analysis matrix, which identifies relevant standards, manuals and reference
documents on bio-based products, and their relevance to pre-defined criteria
3. A chapter with descriptions of the scope of all the relevant standards, manuals and reference documents;
an evaluation of the applicable criteria to each paper ('horizontal assessment" of the matrix)
4. A chapter with an evaluation of coverage per criterion and the resulting gap ("vertical assessment" of the
matrix)
5. Conclusions
Sources of information include:
 EU Lead Market Initiative documents (LMI);
 standards (CEN, ASTM, ASME, BSI, VDI);
 web posted information such as certification schemes; and
 knowledge of Task group members;
2.2 Criteria list
In relation to bio-based products, the following criteria are evaluated in this report:
1. Bio-content / Amount of Renewable Raw materials;
2. Product Functionality / Technical Performance ;
3. End of life:
a. Biodegradability;
b. Compostability;
c. Recycling;
d. Durability.
4. Life-Cycle Assessment:
a. GHG emissions;
b. Energy use;
c. Other LCA criteria.
5. Sustainability:
a. Environmental;
b. Social;
c. Economic.
2.3 Analysis approach
The documents in the gap-analysis matrix are evaluated by their relevance. First, their scope is presented.
Then their applicability for bio-based product standards in general terms is evaluated. This is the horizontal
evaluation.
A vertical evaluation on each criterion will be presented, in order to highlight coverage and gaps.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Existing definitions [and their source(s)] of the evaluated criteria are listed below.
3.1 Bio-content / Amount of renewable raw materials
3.1.1
bio-based
derived from biomass
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.2
bio-based carbon content
carbon in a sample that is of recent origin, as evidenced by its 14C isotope content
NOTE 1 The amount of bio-based carbon in the material or product is often expressed as a percent of the
weight(mass) of the total organic carbon of the product
[CEN/TR 15932]
NOTE 2 ASTM D6852-02 defines bio-based content as the amount of bio-based material as fraction weight or percent
weight of the total material
3.1.3
bio-based product
product wholly or partly bio-based
NOTE The bio-based product is normally characterised by the bio-based content.
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.4
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
NOTE This definition refers to the well-known short-cycle of carbon, i.e. the life cycle of biological materials (e.g.
plants, algae, marine organisms, forestry, micro-organisms, animals, and biological waste from households, agriculture,
animals and food/feed production).
[CEN BT/WG 209]
3.1.5
biomass content
mass fraction of bio-based material
NOTE Claim of biomass content is difficult to verify due to lack of standards.
[CEN/TR 15932]
3.1.6
renewable raw material
material used to produce a product and replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable to its
exploitation rate
[Adapted from ISO 14040 and CEN/TR 15932]
3.2 Product functionality / Technical performance
3.2.1
product
any goods or service
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.2.2
product function
characteristic attribute or characteristic in the performance and use of a product
[ISO 14024:1999]
NOTE The first criterion to be considered in the choice of materials and design of a product is that it shall perform the
function for which it is intended to an acceptable standard. These criteria will vary depending on the application but the key
requirements are:
 meeting legal and statutory requirements including for example composition control and migration limits for food
contact, physical performance for containing of hazardous products;
 functional including physical strength, hygiene, safety and barrier performance;
 use performance including opening, closing, pouring/emptying, child resistant;
 minimum use of material, consistent with the three points above;
 content identification and communication.
The specifications of the product should be defined by the performance requirements, and not by the source of material.
3.3 End of life / Biodegradability / Compostability / Recycling / Durability
3.3.1
biodegradation
degradation caused by biological activity especially by enzymatic action leading to a significant change of the
chemical structure of a material
[EN 13193:2000]
3.3.2
biodegradable
capable of undergoing biological anaerobic or aerobic degradation leading to CO , H O, methane, biomass
2 2
and mineral salts depending on the environmental conditions of the process
[CEN/TR 15932]
3.3.3
compostability
potential of a material to be disintegrated and biodegraded without hindrance in a composting process
[Based on EN 13193:2000]
3.3.4
durability
capability of a product or any component to satisfy, with planned maintenance, the design performance
requirements over a specified period of time under the influence of the environmental actions, or as a result of
a self-ageing process
[Adapted from ISO 15928-3]
3.3.5
maximum level of biodegradation
degree of biodegradation, measured in percent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above
which no further biodegradation takes place during the test
[ISO 14853:2005]
3.3.6
organic recycling (organic recovery)
aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using
microorganisms, of the biodegradable parts of waste, which produces stabilized organic residues or methane.
Landfill shall not be considered a form of organic recycling
[adapted from Directive 94/62/EC]
3.3.7
recycling
reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes
including organic recycling but excluding energy recovery
[Directive 94/62/EC]
3.3.8
ultimate biodegradability
breakdown of an organic chemical compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon
dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the
absence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass
[EN 13432:2000, also in EN 14995:2006]
3.4 Life-Cycle Assessment / GHG emissions / Energy use / Other LCA criteria
3.4.1
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at
specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere,
and clouds
NOTE GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), nitrous oxide (N O), hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs),
2 4 2
perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
[ISO 14064-1:2006]
3.4.2
greenhouse gas emission
total mass of a GHG released to the atmosphere over a specified period of time
[ISO 14064-1:2006]
3.4.2
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from
natural resources to final disposal
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.4.3
life cycle assessment (LCA)
compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system
throughout its life cycle
[ISO 14040:2006]
3.4.4
life cycle inventory (LCI)
collection and assembly of materials and energy input and output data
...