EN 378-1:2008

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteriaSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1 : Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choixKälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und AuswahlkriterienTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 378-1:2008SIST EN 378-1:2008en,fr,de27.20027.08001.040.27ICS:SIST EN 378-1:2000/A1:2004SIST EN 378-1:20001DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 378-1:200801-april-2008

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 378-1February 2008ICS 01.040.27; 27.080; 27.200Supersedes EN 378-1:2000
English VersionRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety andenvironmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements,definitions, classification and selection criteriaSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigencesde sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1 : Exigences debase, définitions, classification et critères de choixKälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnischeund umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: GrundlegendeAnforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen undAuswahlkriterienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 378-1:2008: E

Equivalent terms in English, French and German.26 Annex B (informative)
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI).30 Annex C (normative)
Refrigerant Charge Limitations.33 Annex D (informative)
Protection for people who are inside cold rooms.47 Annex E (normative)
Safety classification and information about refrigerants.49 Annex F (informative)
Safety group classifications.55 Annex G (normative)
Special requirements for ice rinks.62 Bibliography.63

"Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2008. This document supersedes EN 378-1:2000. EN 378 consists of the following parts under the general title Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements:  Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria  Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation  Part 3: Installation site and personal protection  Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

construction, installation, operation, maintenance, repair and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the local and global environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated below. In addition, machinery should comply as
appropriate with EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard. It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating
systems and refrigerants. These hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical
characteristics of refrigerants as well as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycles. Inadequate precautions may result in:  component rupture or explosion, with risk of projectiles;  escape of refrigerant with the risk of environmental damage or toxicity due to a fracture, a leakage caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequate maintenance, repair, charging or disposal;  burning or combustion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire including the risk of toxic
products of combustion from non-flammable refrigerants. Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the
refrigerating system, intended or unintended, affect the internal surrounding materials chemically and
physically for example due to pressure and temperature. They can, if they have detrimental properties,
endanger persons, property and the environment directly or indirectly due to global long term effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigerating system. Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to their potential influence on the global environment as well as their possible effects on the local environment. Evaluation of the environmental performance however requires a life cycle approach. With regard to global climate change the Total Equivalent Warming Impact approach is generally used as the basis (see Annex B). Reference should be made to the EN ISO 14040 series to address other environmental aspects. Many factors influence environmental impacts such as:  location of the system;  energy efficiency of the system;  type of refrigerant;  service frequency;  refrigerant leaks;  sensitivity of charge on efficiency;  minimisation of heat load;  control methods. The cost of the system will have an indirect influence on the environmental performance. Additional
investments may be directed towards reducing leaks, increasing energy efficiency or modifying the design in order to use a different refrigerant. Only a life cycle approach is capable of identifying where additional
investments will have the most beneficial effects.

simultaneous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that it exerts on the various components do not depend solely on the processes and functions inside the plant, but also on external factors. The following hazards are worthy of note: a) from the direct effect of extreme temperature, for example:  brittleness of materials at low temperatures;  freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar);  thermal stresses;  changes of volume due to temperature changes;  injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures;  touchable hot surfaces. b) from excessive pressure due to, for example:  increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure of non condensable gases or an accumulation of oil or liquid refrigerant;  increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a
liquid cooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill;  expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space without the presence of vapour, caused by a rise in external temperature;  fire. c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example:  excessive charge or flooding of equipment;  presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor;  liquid hammer in piping;  loss of lubrication due to dilution of oil;  condensation-induced shock. d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example:  fire;  explosion;  toxicity including products of combustion;  caustic effects;  freezing of skin;

discharge, liquid slugging, erroneous operation and reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermal stress, liquid hammer or vibration. Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due to alternate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation. The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this European Standard has been based.

limitations of part 1 (Annex C) apply. For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant only some of the parts and clauses are
applicable. The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each part of EN 378. This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant.
Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E are not covered by this European Standard as long as a safety class is not assigned. NOTE 2 For the safety classification of refrigerant fluids not included in Annex E, see Annex F. This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction. This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems and modification of existing refrigerating systems in case the type of refrigerant changed or pressure vessels ar
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