91.080.30 - Masonry
ICS 91.080.30 Details
Masonry
Mauerwerksbau
Maconneries
Zidane konstrukcije
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.080.30 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Masonry". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 326 standards classified under ICS 91.080.30 (Masonry). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
e-Library Subscription
Create subscription and get permanent access to documents within 91.080.30 - Masonry
Currently subscription includes documents marked with .We are working on making all documents available within the subscription.
(1) This document gives basic rules for the selection of materials and execution of masonry to enable it to comply with the design assumptions of the other parts of Eurocode 6.
(2) This document deals with ordinary aspects of masonry design and execution including:
- selection of masonry materials;
- factors affecting the performance and durability of masonry;
- masonry detailing, joint finishes, movement joints, resistance of buildings to moisture penetration;
- storage, preparation and use of materials on site;
- execution of masonry;
- masonry protection during execution;
(3) This document does not cover the following items:
- aesthetic aspects;
- applied finishes;
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) This document is intended to be used together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1996 1-1, EN 1996-1-2 and EN 1996-3.
(3) The design of masonry is carried out in accordance with EN 1996 1 1.
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1996-1-2
(1) This document gives rules for the design of masonry structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1996-1-1 or EN 1996-3 and are designed accordingly.
(3) This document gives rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned functions and the levels of performance.
(5) This document does not cover masonry built with natural stone units according to EN 771-6.
(6) This document deals with:
- non-loadbearing internal walls;
- non-loadbearing external walls;
- loadbearing internal walls with separating or non-separating functions;
- loadbearing external walls with separating or non-separating functions.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 and EN 1996-1-1 apply to this document.
(2) This document is intended to be used together with EN 1990, EN 1991-1-2, EN 1996-1-1, EN 1996 2 and EN 1996-3.
(3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 and EN 1996-1-1, the following assumptions apply:
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;
- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
- Draft87 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with manufactured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufactured masonry units. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units.
1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay masonry units, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62, C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088, C1167, C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67/C67M.
1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to concrete masonry units in particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90, C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634 and to Test Methods C140/C140M, C426, and C1262/C1262M.
1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of terms associated with the standards specific to autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units in particular to Practice C1692 and to Specifications C1386, C1691, and C1693.
1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay and concrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167 and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.
1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, see Terminology C1180.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of verifying that masonry materials used in construction result in masonry that meets the specified compressive strength (Note 1).
Note 1: A prism is an assembly of components used to measure (in this case, the tested compressive strength of masonry, f mt) or verify a property (in this case, the specified compressive strength of masonry, f 'm). Testing of prisms may be part of a project’s field quality control or assurance program. In these cases, prisms are built as companions to a masonry element (for example, a masonry wall, column, pilaster, or beam) at a jobsite where the masonry element is site-constructed, or within a factory or shop where the element is shop-built. While these prisms can be used to determine compliance with the specified compressive strength of masonry, f 'm, they are not intended to replicate or model all of the performance or design attributes of the as-built element. Prisms may also be fabricated in a laboratory for research purposes (Appendix X2). In each scenario (field or research) the test procedures are structured so that masonry assembly tested compressive strength (fmt) is measured in an accurate and repeatable manner.
4.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating compressive strength characteristics of in-place masonry construction through testing of prisms obtained from that construction when sampled in accordance with Practice C1532/C1532M. Decisions made in preparing such field-removed prisms for testing, determining the net area, and interpreting the results of compression tests require professional judgment.
4.3 If this test method is used as a guideline for performing research to determine the effects of various prism construction or test parameters on the compressive strength of masonry, deviations from this test method shall be reported. Such research prisms shall not be used to verify compliance with a specified compressive strength of masonry.
Note 2: The testing labo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for masonry prism construction and testing, and procedures for determining the tested compressive strength of masonry, fmt, used to determine compliance with the specified compressive strength of masonry, f ′m. When this test method is used for research purposes, the construction and test procedures within serve as a guideline and provide control parameters.
1.2 This test method also covers procedures for determining the compressive strength of prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens.
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the two bearing surfaces of units and prisms. The purpose of this standard is to provide consistent and standardized procedures for capping units and prisms for compression testing. The procedures are based on those contained (or previously contained) in Test Methods C140/C140M, Practice C617/C617M, and Test Method C1314.
Note 2: Specimens capped using this practice will vary significantly in size and weight. Appropriate care and handling may differ based on specimen size and weight. Provide care and handling as needed to provide for proper capping based on the physical characteristics of the specimen being capped.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping concrete masonry units, related units, including coupons or other specimens obtained from such units, and masonry prisms for compression testing.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing these test methods should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides information that, if implemented, will reduce efflorescence potential in new masonry walls. However, implementation of this guide will not always completely prevent efflorescence.
4.2 This guide may be augmented by related information contained in the appendixes of Specification C270, the additional material listed at the end of this specification, and other publications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for reducing efflorescence potential in new masonry walls.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 Scope of EN 1996-3
(1) This document provides simplified calculation methods to facilitate the design of the following unreinforced masonry walls, subject to certain conditions of application:
- walls subjected to vertical and wind loading;
- walls subjected to concentrated loads;
- shear walls;
- basement walls subjected to lateral earth pressure and vertical loading;
- walls subjected to lateral loading but not subjected to vertical loading.
NOTE 1 For those types of masonry structures or parts of structures not covered by (1), the design can be based on EN 1996-1-1.
NOTE 2 The rules given in this document are consistent with those given in EN 1996-1-1 but are more conservative in respect of the conditions and limitations of their use.
(2) This document applies only to those masonry structures, or parts thereof, that are described in EN 1996-1-1 and EN 1996-2.
(3) The simplified calculation methods given in this document do not cover the design of double-leaf walls.
(4) The simplified calculation methods given in this document do not cover the design for accidental situations.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) This document is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, the EN 1991 series, EN 1996 1-1, EN 1996-1-2 and EN 1996-2.
(3) The rules given in this document assume that concrete floors are designed according to EN 1992-1-1.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide accepted procedures to designers and installers of cement-based adhered masonry veneer in residential and commercial construction. This information is meant to complement the specific installation instructions provided by manufacturers of cement-based adhered masonry veneers and recognized building codes, but is not meant to replace them. This practice does not address installation methods or techniques for all materials in the building envelope. This practice covers the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units for application as adhered veneer to exterior and interior walls, columns, landscape structures and other structures suitable to receive adhered veneer. The units included in this practice are manufactured to meet the requirements of Specification C1670/C1670M or C1877. This practice is limited to the installation of units. This practice does not cover all flashing or moisture management requirements. Refer to the applicable building code and project documents for additional flashing and moisture management requirements.
Note 1: The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) publication Installation Guide and Detailing Options for Compliance with ASTM C1780 for Adhered Manufactured Stone Veneer provides generally accepted methods and details for installation and flashing for manufactured stone veneer.
Note 2: This standard was developed for the installation of cement-based adhered veneer units manufactured from wet-cast concrete or dry-cast concrete. Refer to Guide C1242 for installation of adhered natural stone veneer.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 All workmanship and materials related to the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units shall meet the requirements of the contract documents and building code having jurisdiction over the project.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical requirements, sampling, testing, and visual inspection of architectural cast stone that may be made from facing and backup mixtures or from a homogeneous mixture, produced either by wet or dry casting. Conformances for raw materials, Portland cement, aggregates, coloring pigment, reinforcement, chemical admixtures, air entraining admixtures, water reducing and accelerating admixtures, ground slag, fly ash or natural pozzolan, and other consituents shall be precisely observed. Products shall also conform to specified physical and performance requirements such as compressive strength, cold water absorption, boiling water absorption, air content, field testing, resistance to freezing and thawing, and linear drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification includes the physical properties, sampling, testing, tolerance, and appearance requirements for architectural cast stone.
1.2 Cast stone units covered under this specification include both wet cast and vibratory dry tamp products. Production methods of cast stone can vary among manufacturers; many production methods are acceptable provided the delivered cast stone meets the requirements of this specification.
1.3 Surface textures, finish, color, special applications, or other features shall be specified by the purchaser. Slump, manufacturing method, and apparatus shall be selected by the manufacturer and not specified by the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating the horizontal in-plane shear behavior of mortar joints in existing unreinforced masonry assemblies (see Note 2).
Note 2: The masonry mortar joint shear strength index obtained by this test method can be related to the masonry wall shear strength by relationships contained in referencing Codes and Standards. For example, formulas relating shear index to wall shear strength are found in Chapter A1 of the International Existing Building Code and Chapter 11 of the Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, ASCE Standard ASCE/SEI 41. The user of this standard is cautioned that these shear strength relationships are typically empirical relationships based on tests of early 20th-century unreinforced brick masonry. These relationships typically assume that wall shear strength is limited by shear of the mortar joints rather than shear through the units
5.2 For hollow ungrouted or solid unit masonry construction the shear strength index is measured only for the mortar bed joints vertically adjacent to the unit being tested. When testing hollow ungrouted masonry construction, the shear strength index is based on the horizontal interface between the mortar and the test unit and the masonry above and below the test unit. In the case of multi-wythe construction, the measured mortar joint shear strength index is applicable only to the wythe in which the test unit is located; no headers shall exist immediately above or below the test unit. The contribution of any existing collar joint mortar to the measured shear strength index is neglected, and this may lead to an overestimate of the shear strength index (see Note 3).
Note 3: Some documents that reference this test method, including ASCE/SEI 41, include a reduction factor to account for the contribution of a filled collar joint to the measured shear strength index.
5.3 The test procedure listed for Method A may be conducted as an extension of Test Method C1...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the average in situ mortar joint shear strength index in existing unreinforced solid-unit and ungrouted hollow-unit masonry built with clay or concrete units. Three methods are provided:
1.1.1 Method A (with Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index when the state of normal compressive stress at the test site is controlled during the test using the flatjack method described in Test Method C1197. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is monitored throughout the test. The test setup for Method A is shown in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Test Setup—Method A
Note 1: A paper2 by Francesco Graziotti et. al of Univ. of Pavia included in ASTM STP 1612 discusses alternative methods for interpreting Method A testing results.
1.1.2 Method B (without Flatjacks Controlling Normal Compressive Stress)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index when using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is not monitored during this procedure. The test set up for Method B is shown in Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Test Setup—Method B
1.1.3 Method C (with Flatjack Applying Horizontal Load)—For determining mortar joint shear strength index using an estimate of the normal compressive stress at the location of the test site, as shown in Fig. 3. Horizontal displacement of the test unit is generally not measured during this procedure.
FIG. 3 Test Setup—Method C
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for informat...
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for anchors intended to be installed in masonry assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods address the tensile and shear strengths of post-installed and placed-during-construction anchors in masonry test specimens made of masonry assemblies. Environmental exposures include freezing and thawing, moisture, decreased and elevated temperatures and corrosion. These test methods provide basic testing procedures for use with product-specific evaluation and acceptance standards and are intended to be performed in a testing laboratory. Product-specific evaluation and acceptance standards may add specific details and appropriate parameters as needed to accomplish the testing. Only those tests required by the specifying authority need to be performed.
1.2 Loadings include quasi-static, dynamic, fatigue and shock. Environmental exposures include freezing and thawing, moisture, decreased and elevated temperatures and corrosion.
1.3 These test methods are intended for use with post-installed and placed-during-construction anchors designed for installation projecting from the surface of a masonry test specimen.
1.4 This standard prescribes separate procedures for static, dynamic, fatigue and shock testing. Nothing in this standard, however, shall preclude combined tests incorporating two or more of these types of loading (such as dynamic, fatigue and shock tests in series).
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 Both inch-pound and SI units are provided in this standard. The testing may be performed in either system and reported in that system and the results converted to the other. However, anchor diameters, threads, and related testing equipment shall be in accordance with either inch-pound or SI provisions.
1.7 Units—The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Masonry specimens are sometimes removed as part of an assessment of the condition of masonry construction. Such specimens are commonly prepared for shipment to a laboratory where the specimens are assessed with visual techniques, petrographic techniques, or standard test methods. The process of selecting, removing, and shipping the specimens can have an effect on test results. This practice provides procedures for selecting, removing, and shipping masonry specimens removed from existing construction.
4.2 The selection and removal processes described in this practice are primarily intended for walls. Selection and removal of masonry specimens from locations other than walls requires user judgment in order to obtain appropriate specimens.
4.3 This practice also covers reporting of the selection, removal, and shipping processes. This information allows interested parties to assess the impact of these processes on test results.
4.4 This practice does not address the use of test results conducted on removed masonry specimens. This practice does not determine whether the removed masonry materials met original specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of selection, removal, and shipment of masonry specimens from existing construction that are intended for testing. These specimens can be either individual masonry units or assemblages. Assemblages are a portion of existing masonry, typically consisting of masonry units, mortar, grout, reinforcing steel, collar joint, and masonry accessories. The specimens may be taken from single- or multiple-wythe construction, or portions thereof. This practice also covers procedures for reporting as part of this process.
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
Specification covers masonry joint reinforcements fabricated from cold-drawn steel wires. It specifies that joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires. Wire used in the manufacture of masonry joint reinforcement shall be round. Masonry joint reinforcement shall then be assembled by automatic machines or by other suitable mechanical means that will assure accurate spacing and alignment of all members of the finished product. Longitudinal and cross wires shall be securely connected at every intersection by an electric-resistance welding process and then it shall be deformed. Tension, weld shear strength, and bend tests shall be performed on the samples. When corrosion protection of joint reinforcement has been provided, it shall be either zinc coated mill or hot-dip galvanized.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel and galvanized carbon steel masonry joint reinforcement fabricated from cold-drawn steel wire. Joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This non-destructive test method contains procedures and equipment requirements to quantitatively determine the surface penetration of water at a single location on a masonry wall. The test method is not designed to determine the overall water penetration and leakage of a masonry system.
4.2 Excessive water penetration of masonry may degrade masonry wall performance with respect to thermal conductivity, durability, efflorescence, staining, corrosion of embedded metal items, and water leakage.
4.3 This test may be used to measure the rate of surface water penetration for in-situ masonry and field mockups. Common applications of this method have been comparison of water penetration rates of walls before and after repairs, and testing the efficacy of coatings. Alternative procedures are also provided to simulate the effect of local climatology on water penetration of masonry wall surfaces.
4.4 The outer surface of all masonry walls will experience water penetration when subjected to wind-driven rain. The resistance to water penetration is dependent on materials, workmanship, design, and maintenance. Some wall types accommodate large volumes of water penetration, without deleterious effects, through the presence of properly designed and installed drainage systems including flashing and weep holes. Use of this standard without consideration of the overall wall system may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding performance.
4.5 It is the intent of this standard that a sheet of water be developed and maintained on the wall surface during testing. In some cases, due to the surface texture of the masonry, the application of a coating, or other factors, a sheet of water will not consistently form. In those cases, results of this test method will likely be inaccurate.
4.6 This test method is similar to but distinct from the laboratory Test Method E514/E514M. This standard is a field test method designed to test in-situ walls and measures water penetration of...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field determination of water penetration of a masonry wall surface under specific water flow rate and air pressure conditions. This test is intended for use on any masonry wall surface that can be properly instrumented and tested within the requirements of this standard. This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as laboratory standard Test Method E514/E514M. Test Method E514/E514M measures through-wall water penetration, whereas this test method only measures surface water penetration.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for use on walls to determine the ability of masonry wall drainage systems to collect water penetrating the exterior wythe and to direct this water back to the exterior surface of the exterior wythe. Removal of a portion of the interior wall finishes is desirable to observe leakage into backup walls. Even with removal of interior finishes, in many cases it is not practical to observe surfaces behind spandrel beams, columns, or other obstructions. Potential areas where leakage may occur but that are not visible during the test shall be considered when interpreting the results of the test and shall be recorded in the report.
5.2 This test method is suitable for use on mock-up walls to determine the performance of masonry wall drainage systems.
5.3 This test method is suitable for evaluating the effectiveness of flashing repairs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a standard procedure for determining the ability of masonry wall drainage systems to collect water that penetrates the exterior masonry wythe during rainstorms and to direct this water back to the exterior surface of the wall.
1.2 This test method is applicable to wall systems that contain an exterior masonry wythe with a drainage zone on the interior face of the exterior wythe. It is not applicable to single-wythe drainage walls.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to masonry barrier walls or other masonry walls that are designed without drainage zones behind the exterior wythe.
1.4 This test method covers the application of the testing using either inch-pound or SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
(1) The basis for the design of building and civil engineering works in masonry is given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996, which deals with unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry and confined masonry. Principles for the design of prestressed masonry are also given. This Part 1-1 of EN 1996 is not valid for masonry elements with a plan area of less than 0,04 m2.
(2) For those types of structures not covered entirely, for new structural uses for established materials, for new materials, or where actions and other influences outside normal experience have to be resisted, the provisions given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996 may be applicable, but may need to be supplemented.
(3) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 gives detailed rules which are mainly applicable to ordinary buildings. The applicability of these rules may be limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications; any limits of applicability are given in the text where necessary.
(4) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 does not cover:
- resistance to fire (which is dealt with in EN 1996-1-2);
- particular aspects of special types of building (for example, dynamic effects on tall buildings);
- particular aspects of special types of civil engineering works (such as masonry bridges, dams, chimneys or liquid-retaining structures);
- particular aspects of special types of structures (such as arches or domes);
- masonry where gypsum, with or without cement, mortars are used;
- masonry where the units are not laid in a regular pattern of courses (rubble masonry);
- masonry reinforced with other materials than steel.
- Standard137 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the nonvolatile content of silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blended materials used in masonry water-repellent treatments. It can be used for the purpose of calculating the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these materials under specified test conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the nonvolatile content (Ns) of silanes, siloxanes, and blended silane-siloxane materials used in masonry water repellent treatments and is applicable to both solvent- and water-borne materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information from which applicable design data can be determined for a given anchor used to support a dimension stone panel. The strength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longer length of support when the flexibility of the support is properly considered by the designer. Refer to Guide C1242.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of stone with mechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately, perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to the surface of the panel. This test is intended to represent the interaction of the anchor with the stone panel. However, influence of the backup structure on the strength of the assemblies is not included.
1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supported by mechanical anchors.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is meant to simulate the ability of a coating system applied to a masonry block to withstand exposure to continuous water spray (rain) and a dynamic pressure equivalent to a 98 mph wind velocity without exhibiting water leaks or weight gain, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for the evaluation of the ability of coatings to resist the passage of water through masonry block when exposed to water spray and air pressure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Repointing masonry improves weather resistance, reduces water penetration, maintains structural and visual integrity, and prolongs the life of the building by allowing a mortar joint to shed water and avoid the accumulation and penetration of rainwater between mortar and masonry units.
4.2 This guide provides for the selection of the most effective methods appropriate for repointing masonry based upon the following parameters:
4.2.1 Determination of joints to be repointed.
4.2.2 Evaluation of in-situ masonry.
4.2.3 Evaluation of techniques for removal of mortar.
4.2.4 Determination of appropriate repointing mortar.
4.2.5 Selection of repointing mortar.
4.2.6 Establishing the method of execution of the work.
4.2.7 Visual inspection of the work.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide applies only to existing historic masonry construction. For purposes of this guide historic masonry is intended to refer to buildings that have significant historic, architectural, cultural or social meaning and are constructed of masonry materials. Similar techniques and evaluation should be employed for non-historic masonry, but are not addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide outlines procedures for repointing historic masonry and is intended to provide guidelines for the user to establish project-specific requirements for repointing of historic masonry.
1.3 This guide only pertains to masonry units: brick, terra cotta, stone, cast stone, and concrete brick laid in mortar, and may or may not be appropriate for other masonry units.
1.4 This guide addresses repointing (tuckpointing) as defined in 3.1.3.
1.5 When considering repointing, especially on masonry of artistic, architectural, cultural, or historical significance, guidance from a specialist experienced in historic masonry and repointing should be sought.
1.6 This guide does not address pointing styles or profiles used on masonry or the methods of producing them.
1.7 Additional repairs that may impact the structural integrity of the masonry may necessitate that a structural stability analysis be completed prior to the execution of any work.
1.8 Following this guide may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
General rules for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works in reinforced, unreinforced, prestressed and confined masonry. Detailed rules for use in structural design of buildings.
- Standard123 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation105 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for the determination of thermal properties of masonry and masonry products.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting structure and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.
4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen, the moisture contents of the materials used to build the specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful, useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and discouraged.
4.6 This test method is similar to but distinct from field Test Method C1601. This standard is a laboratory test method designed to test laboratory fabricated wall specimens and measures th...
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method2 provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain. This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as field standard Test Method C1601. This test method measures through-wall water penetration, whereas Test Method C1601 only measures surface water penetration.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the determination of thermal properties of masonry and masonry products.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for developing ASTM unit specifications for nontraditional masonry units. The user of this guide is encouraged to review the Form and Style for ASTM Standards as well as the referenced unit specifications and test methods. Note that not all items presented in this guide are necessarily applicable or appropriate in all cases.
5.2 ASTM specifications are not intended for proprietary products, but rather for a class of products that multiple manufacturers can produce, and are intended to ensure performance using those constituent materials or processes. Therefore, specific attributes that only relate to a specific brand should be avoided.
5.3 This guide does not identify the complete range of considerations that may be required for a masonry unit manufactured using a non-traditional material. Traditional masonry units possess intrinsic properties that are commonly associated with masonry including but not limited to strength, fire resistance, durability, thermal and acoustical attributes.
5.4 Non-traditional masonry unit products may meet all the physical property requirements of an existing ASTM standard unit specification, when tested using ASTM standard test methods. Nevertheless, performance of non-traditional masonry units is not assured since the intrinsic properties that are associated with traditional masonry units and assemblies may not be specifically evaluated through testing for specification compliance. Additionally, compliance with the physical properties in existing unit specifications does not mean that non-traditional units are in compliance with those specifications as traditional unit standards are only applicable to units produced with those materials and processes defined within that specification (refer to Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides general guidance for developing ASTM unit specification for masonry units manufactured with constituent materials, manufacturing methods, and combinations thereof, that are not included in a current ASTM standard. This guide shall not be construed as permitting the use of a product conflicting with requirements of the governing building code.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the requirements for masonry bed joint reinforcement for structural use (see 5.2.1) and for non-structural use (see 5.2.2).
Where products are intended for use in cavity wall construction, this European Standard covers only the performance of the meshwork as reinforcement in bed joints and not its performance as wall ties across the cavity.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) products in the form of individual bars or rods;
b) products formed from materials other than specified grades of austenitic stainless steel, austenitic ferritic stainless steel, zinc pre-coated steel sheet or zinc coated steel wire with or without organic coating.
NOTE Annex ZA refers only to welded wire meshwork intended for structural use referred to in 5.2.1 as there are no known regulated requirements for products of this family for non-structural use.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for maximum spans of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or a combination of these materials. Concrete and steel beams conforming to EN 1090-1, EN 12602 and EN 13225, as appropriate, are not covered by this standard.
Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) lintels completely made on site;
b) lintels of which the tensile parts are made on site;
c) timber lintels;
d) natural stone lintels, not reinforced.
Linear components spanning clear openings greater than 4,5 m in masonry walls and linear components intended for use independently in a structural role (e.g. beams) are not covered by this standard.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - clarification of Units
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - clarification of Units
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
In the masonry unit standards and in national legislation, some properties need to be declared based on a certain fractile and confidence level. To demonstrate compliance with that a statistical tool can be used.
The purpose of this Technical Report is to exemplify how a statistical tool can be used in practice. This document should not contradict nor extend the scope of the work and role of a Notified Body, nor impose additional burdens on the manufacturer, beyond those laid down in the Construction Products Regulation and the product standards.
Mechanical and other properties of building materials and components are in the report described by random variables with a certain type of probability distribution. The popular normal distribution (Laplace-Gauss distribution) is given in Annex A. Normal distribution may be used to approximate many actual symmetrical distributions. When a remarkable asymmetry is observed, then another type of distribution reflecting this asymmetry should be considered, leading to a more complex method to demonstrate compliance with the product standard. More information on the normality test of Shapiro-Wilk is given in Annex D.
- Technical report54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for prefabricated lintels for maximum spans of 4,5 m and made from steel, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone, concrete, fired clay units, calcium silicate units, natural stone units, or a combination of these materials. Concrete and steel beams conforming to EN 1090-1, EN 12602 and EN 13225, as appropriate, are not covered by this standard.
Prefabricated lintels can be either complete lintels or the prefabricated part of a composite lintel.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) lintels completely made on site;
b) lintels of which the tensile parts are made on site;
c) timber lintels;
d) natural stone lintels, not reinforced.
Linear components spanning clear openings greater than 4,5 m in masonry walls and linear components intended for use independently in a structural role (e.g. beams) are not covered by this standard.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for masonry bed joint reinforcement for structural use (see 5.2.1) and for non-structural use (see 5.2.2).
Where products are intended for use in cavity wall construction, this European Standard covers only the performance of the meshwork as reinforcement in bed joints and not its performance as wall ties across the cavity.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) products in the form of individual bars or rods;
b) products formed from materials other than specified grades of austenitic stainless steel, austenitic ferritic stainless steel, zinc pre-coated steel sheet or zinc coated steel wire with or without organic coating.
NOTE Annex ZA refers only to welded wire meshwork intended for structural use referred to in 5.2.1 as there are no known regulated requirements for products of this family for non-structural use.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for wall ties, tension straps, hangers and brackets for interconnecting masonry and for connecting masonry to other parts of works and buildings including walls, floors, beams, and columns. Where anchors or fasteners are supplied or specified as part of an ancillary component, the requirements including performance requirements apply to the complete product.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) anchors and fasteners other than as part of an ancillary component;
b) shelf angles;
c) wall starter plates for tying into existing walls;
d) products formed from materials other than:
1) austenitic stainless steel (molybdenum chrome nickel alloys or chrome nickel alloys);
2) austenitic ferritic stainless steel;
3) ferritic stainless steel;
4) copper;
5) phosphor bronze;
6) aluminium bronze;
7) zinc-coated-steel with or without organic coating;
8) polypropylene;
9) polyamide (for expansion plugs only).
NOTE The resistance to fire performance of the products included herein cannot be assessed separately from the masonry element of which they are part and is therefore not covered under the scope of this part of this European Standard.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for wall ties, tension straps, hangers and brackets for interconnecting masonry and for connecting masonry to other parts of works and buildings including walls, floors, beams, and columns. Where anchors or fasteners are supplied or specified as part of an ancillary component, the requirements including performance requirements apply to the complete product.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
a) anchors and fasteners other than as part of an ancillary component;
b) shelf angles;
c) wall starter plates for tying into existing walls;
d) products formed from materials other than:
1) austenitic stainless steel (molybdenum chrome nickel alloys or chrome nickel alloys);
2) austenitic ferritic stainless steel;
3) ferritic stainless steel;
4) copper;
5) phosphor bronze;
6) aluminium bronze;
7) zinc-coated-steel with or without organic coating;
8) polypropylene;
9) polyamide (for expansion plugs only).
NOTE The resistance to fire performance of the products included herein cannot be assessed separately from the masonry element of which they are part and is therefore not covered under the scope of this part of this European Standard.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the flexural and shear resistances and load deflection characteristics of single span, single or composite lintels used for supporting uniformly distributed loads over openings in masonry construction.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for determining the flexural strength of small masonry specimens for the two principal axes of loading. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- National annex9 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies a method for determining the flexural strength of small masonry specimens for the two principal axes of loading. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies methods for determining the flexural and shear resistances and load deflection characteristics of single span, single or composite lintels used for supporting uniformly distributed loads over openings in masonry construction.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 6
(1)P Eurocode 6 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works, or parts thereof, in unreinforced, reinforced, prestressed and confined masonry.
(2)P Eurocode 6 deals only with the requirements for resistance, serviceability and durability of structures. Other requirements, for example, concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered.
(3)P Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions made in the design rules.
(4)P Eurocode 6 does not cover the special requirements of seismic design. Provisions related to such requirements are given in Eurocode 8 which complements, and is consistent with Eurocode 6.
(5)P Numerical values of the actions on buildings and civil engineering works to be taken into account in the design are not given in Eurocode 6. They are provided in Eurocode 1.
1.1.2 Scope of Part 1-1 of Eurocode 6
(1)P The basis for the design of buildings and civil engineering works in masonry is given in this Part 1-1 of Eurocode 6, which deals with unreinforced masonry and reinforced masonry where the reinforcement is added to provide ductility, strength or improve serviceability. The principles of the design of prestressed masonry and confined masonry are given, but application rules are not provided. This Part is not valid for masonry with a plan area of less than 0,04 m2.
(2) For those types of structures not covered entirely, for new structural uses for established materials, for new materials, or where actions and other influences outside normal experience have to be resisted, the principles and application rules given in this EN may be applicable, but may need to be supplemented.
(3) Part 1-1 gives detailed rules which are mainly applicable to ordinary buildings. The applicability of these rules may be limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications; any limits of applicability are given in the text where necessary.
(4)P The following subjects are dealt with in Part 1-1:
- section 1 : General;
- section 2 : Basis of design;
- section 3 : Materials;
- section 4 : Durability;
- section 5 : Structural analysis;
- section 6 : Ultimate Limit State;
- section 7 : Serviceability Limit State;
- section 8 : Detailing;
- section 9 : Execution;
(5)P Part 1-1 does not cover:
- resistance to fire (which is dealt with in EN 1996-1-2);
- particular aspects of special types of building (for example, dynamic effects on tall buildings);
- particular aspects of special types of civil engineering works (such as masonry bridges, dams, chimneys or liquid retaining structures);
- particular aspects of special types of structures (such as arches or domes);
- masonry where gypsum, with or without cement, mortars are used;
- masonry where the units are not laid in a regular pattern of courses (rubble masonry);
- masonry reinforced with other materials than steel.
1.2 Normative references
1.2.1 General
(1)P This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
- Standard115 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the in plane initial shear strength of the
horizontal bed joint between the prefabricated part of a composite lintel and the masonry above it,
using a specimen tested in shear. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report. The method corresponds with the method described in EN 1052-3:2003+A1:2006. Guidance is given where the method deviates from EN 1052-3. Therefore, each section of EN 1052-3 is repeated given the necessary changes.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile and compressive load capacity and load displacement characteristics of wall ties screwed, nailed, grouted or otherwise attached to frame elements or to inner leaf materials. The test is intended for ties for connecting masonry leaves to frame structures and to the inner leaves of cavity walls other than by embedding the inner connection in a mortar joint.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the couplet method for determining the tensile and compressive load capacity and load displacement characteristics of wall ties embedded in mortar joints. The test is intended for ties used for connecting together two leaves of masonry and for the mortar-bedded end of ties for connecting masonry leaves to other structures.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the couplet method for determining the horizontal and vertical shear load resistance and load-deflection behaviour of shear ties and slip ties embedded in mortar joints. The test is intended for ties for connecting together two leaves of masonry forming a collar jointed wall or two walls at right angles. It also applies to ties used for connecting the edges of infill
panel walls to frames which encircle them.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the in plane initial shear strength of the
horizontal bed joint between the prefabricated part of a composite lintel and the masonry above it,
using a specimen tested in shear. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report. The method corresponds with the method described in EN 1052-3:2003+A1:2006. Guidance is given where the method deviates from EN 1052-3. Therefore, each section of EN 1052-3 is repeated given the necessary changes.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile and compressive load capacity and load displacement characteristics of wall ties screwed, nailed, grouted or otherwise attached to frame elements or to inner leaf materials. The test is intended for ties for connecting masonry leaves to frame structures and to the inner leaves of cavity walls other than by embedding the inner connection in a mortar joint.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the couplet method for determining the horizontal and vertical shear load resistance and load-deflection behaviour of shear ties and slip ties embedded in mortar joints. The test is intended for ties for connecting together two leaves of masonry forming a collar jointed wall or two walls at right angles. It also applies to ties used for connecting the edges of infill
panel walls to frames which encircle them.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the couplet method for determining the tensile and compressive load capacity and load displacement characteristics of wall ties embedded in mortar joints. The test is intended for ties used for connecting together two leaves of masonry and for the mortar-bedded end of ties for connecting masonry leaves to other structures.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
(1)P This Part 1-2 of EN 1996 deals with the design of masonry structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure, and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1996-1-1, EN 1996-2, 1996-3 and EN 1991-1-2. This part 1-2 only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2)P This Part 1-2 deals only with passive methods of fire protection. Active methods are not
covered.
(3)P This Part 1-2 applies to masonry structures which, for reasons of general fire safety, are required to fulfil certain functions when exposed to fire, in terms of:
- avoiding premature collapse of the structure (load bearing function)
- limiting fire spread (flames, hot gases, excessive heat) beyond designated areas (separating function)
(4)P This Part 1-2 gives principles and application rules for designing structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned functions and levels of performance.
(5)P This Part 1-2 applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1996-1-1, EN 1996-2 and EN 1996-3 and are designed accordingly.
(6)P This Part 1-2 does not cover masonry built with Natural Stone units to EN771-6
(7)P This Part 1-2 deals with the following:
- non-loadbearing internal walls.
- non-loadbearing external walls.
- loadbearing internal walls with separating or non-separating functions.
- loadbearing external walls with separating or non-separating functions.
- Corrigendum40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The scope of Eurocode 6 for Masonry Structures as given in 1.1.1 of EN 1996-1-1:2005 applies also to this EN 1996-2. EN 1996-2 gives basic rules for the selection of materials and execution of masonry to enable it to comply with the design assumptions of the other parts of Eurocode 6. With the exception of the items given in 1.1(3)P, the scope of Part 2 deals with ordinary aspects of masonry design and execution including:;the selection of masonry materials;;factors affecting the performance and durability of masonry;;resistance of buildings to moisture penetration;;storage, preparation and use of materials on site;;the execution of masonry;;masonry protection during execution; EN 1996-2 does not cover the following items:;those aspects of masonry covered in other parts of Eurocode 6;;aesthetic aspects;;applied finishes;;health and safety of persons engaged in the design or execution of masonry;;the environmental effects of masonry buildings, civil engineering works and structures on their surroundings.
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day