CEN/TC 151/WG 1 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety

This document specifies general principles for the development and evaluation of the machine performance level achieved (MPLa) of safety-control systems (SCS) using components powered by all energy sources (e.g. electronic, electrical, hydraulic, mechanical) used in earth-moving machinery and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165.
The principles of this document apply to machine control systems (MCS) that control machine motion or mitigate a hazard; such systems are assessed for machine performance level required (MPLr) per ISO 19014-1 or ISO/TS 19014-5.
Excluded from the scope of this document are the following systems:
—    awareness systems that do not impact machine motion (e.g. cameras and radar detectors);
—    fire suppression systems, unless the activation of the system interferes with, or activates, another SCS.
Other systems or components whereby the operator would be aware of failure (e.g. windscreen wipers, head lights, etc.), or are primarily used to protect property, are excluded from this document. Audible warnings are excluded from the requirements of diagnostic coverage.
In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 mitigated by the hardware components within the SCS.
This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

2021-01-12 TC provided the Annex ZA. CCMC requested the Enquriy assessment.
2021-01-11 JF: CCMC requested the CEN/TC to provide the Annex ZA which is needed in order to request an Enquiry assessment.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to hydraulic excavators when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for hydraulic excavators.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document also deals with lifting operation application, shovel application, log application, grapple application, and magnetic plate application.
This document is not applicable to hydraulic excavators which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to loaders when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for loaders.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This part also deals with fork application, log handling application, single heavy object handling application and lifting operation application.
This document is not applicable to loaders which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
NOTE   For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.

This document specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery, hereinafter also referred to as machines, described in EN ISO 6165:2012, except horizontal directional drills.
NOTE 1   Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 16228 1 and EN 16228 3.
This document gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families (see EN ISO 6165:2012, 3.4) and is intended to be used in conjunction with relevant parts of EN 474-2 to EN 474-13. These machine specific parts (EN 474 2 to EN 474−13) do not repeat the requirements from EN 474 1:2022 but supplement or modify the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 2   The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth- moving machinery.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof (see Annex A).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during the whole foreseeable lifecycle of the machinery as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
This document is not applicable to earth-moving machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
NOTE 3   For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.

This document, together with EN 474 1:2022, deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to pipelayers as defined in 3.1, when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for pipelayers.
This document also specifies additional requirements for rear mounted winches.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery;
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
Pipelayers with rotating upper structure are excluded from the scope of this document.
This document is not applicable to pipelayers manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to trenchers as defined in Clause 3 when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474-1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474-1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for trenchers.
This document deals with:
—   trenchers (3.1);
—   trenching equipment (3.2);
NOTE   In this document "trenchers" entails both "trencher" and "trenching equipment".
—   truck vacuum trenchers (3.1.2);
—   trenchers equipped with trencher backhoe equipment (3.3).
This document provides specific health and safety requirements of the trenching equipment itself and of the interface (e.g. mechanical, electric, hydraulic, controls) between the carrier-vehicle and its equipment as well as the interaction and effects on each other when used together (e.g. visibility).
This document does not apply to carrier-vehicles which are subject to other relevant regulations.
This document does not deal with continuous surface miners as defined in ISO 19224:2017, truck-trenchers that do not incorporate a vacuum extraction system or self-propelled ride-on and pedestrian controlled floor cutting-off machinery (e.g. ground saw) which are under the scope of EN 13862:2021.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery;
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document is not applicable to trenchers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document, together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to graders as defined in 3.1, when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A), associated with the whole life time of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for graders.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery;
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document is not applicable to graders manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to backhoe loaders when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for backhoe loaders.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document also deals with fork application, log handling application and lifting operation application.
This document is not applicable to backhoe loaders which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to dumpers when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for dumpers.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
Pedestrian controlled dumpers are excluded from scope of this document.
This document does not deal with the hazards associated with self-loading equipment.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery;
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document is not applicable to dumpers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tractor-dozers when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474-1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474-1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for tractor-dozers.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This part also deals with fork application, log handling application, single heavy object handling application and lifting operation application.
This document is not applicable to tractor-dozers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to hydraulic excavators when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for hydraulic excavators.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document also deals with lifting operation application, shovel application, log application, grapple application, and magnetic plate application.
This document is not applicable to hydraulic excavators which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to loaders when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for loaders.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This part also deals with fork application, log handling application, single heavy object handling application and lifting operation application.
This document is not applicable to loaders which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
NOTE   For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to rollers when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for rollers.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
This document does not deal with towing of trailers.
This part of EN 474:2022 is not applicable for seated ride-on operated rollers with a drum width less than nominal 0,8 m.
This document is not applicable to rollers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document, together with EN 474 1:2022, deals with all significant hazards for earth-moving machinery, earth- and landfill compactors when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Annex A).
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022, but supplements or modifies the requirements for application for earth moving machinery – earth- and landfill compactors.
Rammer compactors and vibratory plates are excluded from this document.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s). This document is not applicable to earth- and landfill compactors manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document together with EN 474 1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cable excavators when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for cable excavators.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
Drilling and foundation equipment (covered by EN 16228 1:2014+A1:2021 to EN 16228 7:2014+A1:2021) are not dealt with in this document.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document is not applicable to cable excavators which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document, together with EN 474 1:2022, deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to scrapers as defined in 3.1, except towed scrapers, when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A), associated with the whole life time of the machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control system(s).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
—   Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery;
—   Laser;
—   Lightning.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in EN 474 1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474 1:2022 but supplements or modifies the requirements for scrapers.
This document is not applicable to scrapers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This document specifies general principles for software development and signal transmission requirements of safety-related parts of machine-control systems (MCS) in earth-moving machinery (EMM) and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165. In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 related to the software embedded within the machine control system. The significant hazards being addressed are the incorrect machine control system output responses from machine control system inputs.
Cyber security is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE    For guidance on cybersecurity, see an appropriate security standard.
This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

1.1  This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines.
1.2  This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165.
1.3  This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:
—     rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass;
—     articulated-frame dumpers;
—     scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1];
—     wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass;
—     graders;
—     wheeled dozers;
—     soil compactors;
—     backhoe loaders;
—     crawler dumpers;
—     crawler loaders;
—     crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2];
—     compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
—     wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
—     skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass.
1.4  The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration:
—     excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3];
—     trenchers;
—     landfill compactors;
—     non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
—     vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
—     pipelayers;
—     horizontal directional drills (HDD).
1.5  The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design.
NOTE    Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics.
1.6  Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.
[1]     For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping.
[2]     For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.
[3]     For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.

This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
—     mechanical hazards;
—     ergonomic hazards;
—     hazards due to maintenance;
—     hazards due to the control system;
—     hazards related to travelling function.
Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document.
This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for environmental testing of electronic and electrical components identified as safety-related parts of the control system (SRP/CS) used on earth-moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165 and their attachments.

This document provides a methodology for the determination of performance levels required for earth moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165.
A Machine Control System Safety Analysis (MCSSA) determines the amount of risk reduction of hazards associated with control systems, required for Safety Control Systems (SCS). This reduction is quantified by the Machine Performance Level (MPL), the hazards are identified using the risk assessment principles as defined in ISO 12100 or by other means.
NOTE 1    Step 2 as shown in Annex A demonstrates the relationship between ISO 12100 and ISO 19014 as a complementary protective measure.
NOTE 2    ISO 19014 can also be used to assess the functional safety requirements of other off-road mobile machinery.
For those controls determined to be safety-related, the characteristics for architecture, hardware, software environmental requirements and performance are covered by other parts in ISO 19014.
ISO 19014 covers the hazards caused by the failure of a safety control system and excludes hazards arising from the equipment itself (for example, electric shock, fire, etc.).
Other controls that are not safety control systems (SCS), that do not mitigate a hazard or perform a control function and where the operator would be aware of a failure, are excluded from this standard (e.g. windscreen wipers, head lights, cab light, etc.).
NOTE 3    A list of safety control systems is included in Annex D.
NOTE 4    Audible warnings are excluded from the requirements of diagnostic coverage.

ISO 16001:2017 specifies general requirements and describes methods for evaluating and testing the performance of object detection systems (ODSs) and visibility aids (VAs) used on earth-moving machines. It covers the following aspects:
-      detection or visibility or both of objects including people in the detection zone;
-      visual, audible, or both warnings to the operator and if appropriate to the persons in the detection zone;
-      operational reliability of the system;
-      compatibility and environmental specifications of the system.
It is applicable to machines as defined in ISO 6165. An ODS, VA or both can be used to augment the operator's direct vision (see ISO 5006) or indirect vision using mirrors (see ISO 14401). In addition, an ODS, VA or both can be used to provide additional means of object detection or view, for example, where ergonomic considerations limit the effectiveness of direct vision and to avoid repeated turning of the head and upper body.

ISO 2867:2011 specifies criteria for systems that provide access to the operator station and to routine maintenance points on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is applicable to the access systems (e.g. enclosure openings, platforms, guardrails, handrails and handholds, stairways and steps, ladders) on such machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Its criteria are based on the 5th to 95th percentile operator dimensions as defined in ISO 3411.
The general principles set out in ISO 2867:2011 can be used for the selection of fixed and/or portable access systems for repairs, assembly, disassembly and longer interval maintenance. It deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations and events: slip, trip and fall of persons, unhealthy postures and excessive effort.

ISO 3164:2013 specifies the deflection limiting volume (DLV) to be used when performing laboratory evaluations of structures which provide protection to operators of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 3450:2011 specifies minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the service, secondary and parking brake systems of wheeled and high-speed rubber-tracked earth-moving machines, for the uniform assessment of those brake systems.
It is applicable to the following earth-moving machinery, operating on work sites or in mining, or travelling on public roads: self-propelled, rubber-tyred earth-moving machines, as defined in ISO 6165; self-propelled rollers and landfill compactors, as defined in ISO 6165 and ISO 8811; self-propelled scrapers, as defined in ISO 7133; remote-control machines, as defined in ISO 6165, wheeled or rubber-tracked; derivative earth-moving machines with rubber tyres; earth-moving machines with rubber tracks and a maximum machine speed greater than or equal to 20 km/h.
It is not applicable to pedestrian-controlled earth-moving machinery (see ISO 17063) or crawler earth-moving machines with steel or rubber tracks that travel at less than 20 km/h (see ISO 10265). While purpose-built underground mining machines are not within the scope of ISO 3450:2011, its provisions can generally be applied to those machines with some braking performance modifications and additions, given in an annex.

ISO 3411:2007 provides the dimensions of operators of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 and specifies the minimum normal operating space envelope within the operator enclosures.

Specifies the minimum dimensions for: hand, head, body, arm and two-handed access on equipment and machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 3457:2002 defines principal terms and specifies requirements for, and characteristics of, guards and other means of protecting personnel from mechanical, fluid or thermal hazards associated with the operation and routine maintenance of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, when used as intended by the manufacturer.

ISO 3449:2004 specifies laboratory tests for measuring the structural characteristics of, and gives performance requirements in a representative test for, falling-object protective structures (FOPS) intended for use on ride-on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. It is applicable to both FOPS supplied as an integral part of the machine and those supplied separately for attachment to the machine. It is not applicable to FOPS intended for use on landfill compactors, excavators, rollers, trenchers, pipelayers, for the additional seat for operation of an attachment (e.g. attachment backhoe), or on machines with a power rating of less than 15 kW.

Defines zones of comfort and reach for controls derived from the overlapping reach capability of large and small operators in the seated position. Is intended as a guide for the design of the operator compartment controls for earth-moving machinery. Cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6682 : 1980), of which it constitutes a minor revision.

ISO 6683:2005 establishes the minimum performance requirements for restraint systems -- seat belts and their fastening elements (anchorages) -- on earth-moving machinery and specially designed forestry machines, necessary to restrain an operator or rider within a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in the event of a machine roll-over (see ISO 3471), or within a tip-over protection structure (TOPS) in the event of a machine tip-over (see ISO 12117).

This European Standard establishes a consistent and reproducible means of evaluating the load-carrying characteristics of tip-over protective structures (TOPS) under static loading, and prescribes performance requirements of a representative specimen under such loading.
It applies to TOPS of compact excavators (as defined in EN ISO 6165) with swing type boom, having an operating mass (see 3.14) of 1 000 kg to 6 000 kg.

ISO/TR 25398:2006 provides guidelines for those such as employers, national authorities and manufacturers of earth-moving machinery who are required to determine, assess and document the daily whole body vibration exposure for ride-on machines as defined in ISO 6165. It also provides guidelines for reducing vibration levels on machines and for determining the vibration reduction from machine improvements to reduce vibration levels. It is intended to assist in establishing documentation for specific earth-moving machinery under typical operating conditions.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for earth-moving machinery described in EN ISO 6165 [2], intended to travel on the road.
This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during on road travel of earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard does not apply to earth-moving machinery with a width exceeding 3 metres (see 4.2.5).
This European Standard does not apply to earth-moving machinery on legs e.g. walking excavators.
This European Standard does not cover the hazards relevant to non-riding and remote control earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to earth-moving machines manufactured before the publication date of this European Standard by CEN.

States a method and the device for use in determining the position of the seat index point (SIP) for any kind of seat designed for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry as defined in ISO 3339-0.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for environmental testing of electronic and electrical components identified as safety-related parts of the control system (SRP/CS) used on earth-moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165 and their attachments.

This document specifies general principles for software development and signal transmission requirements of safety-related parts of machine-control systems (MCS) in earth-moving machinery (EMM) and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165. In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 related to the software embedded within the machine control system. The significant hazards being addressed are the incorrect machine control system output responses from machine control system inputs.
Cyber security is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For guidance on cybersecurity, see an appropriate security standard.
This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies general principles for the development and evaluation of the machine performance level achieved (MPLa) of safety-control systems (SCS) using components powered by all energy sources (e.g. electronic, electrical, hydraulic, mechanical) used in earth-moving machinery and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165.
The principles of this document apply to machine control systems (MCS) that control machine motion or mitigate a hazard; such systems are assessed for machine performance level required (MPLr) per ISO 19014-1 or ISO/TS 19014-5.
Excluded from the scope of this document are the following systems:
—    awareness systems that do not impact machine motion (e.g. cameras and radar detectors);
—    fire suppression systems, unless the activation of the system interferes with, or activates, another SCS.
Other systems or components whereby the operator would be aware of failure (e.g. windscreen wipers, head lights, etc.), or are primarily used to protect property, are excluded from this document. Audible warnings are excluded from the requirements of diagnostic coverage.
In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 mitigated by the hardware components within the SCS.
This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies safety requirements for earth-moving machinery when used for demolition applications.
This document is only applicable to the following earth-moving machinery types as described in EN ISO 6165:2022:
-   hydraulic excavators;
-   cable excavators.
This document does not provide safety requirements for machinery used in conjunction with explosives for the demolition application.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery
when the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control
system(s).
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving
machinery, when used for demolition application and under conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof (see Annex A).
The following significant and relevant hazards are not covered in this document:
-   laser;
-   lightning.
This document is not applicable to earth-moving machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
NOTE   For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.

This document describes requirements, test procedures and information to be provided by the manufacturer for protective ventilation systems to provide breathing air to operator's stations on earth-moving machinery used in contaminated areas.
This document gives additional requirements to the common safety requirements of EN 474-1 Earth-moving machinery – Safety – part 1: General requirements and to the machine specific parts of the EN 474 series and shall be used in conjunction with these as applicable.
This document does not repeat the requirements from the EN 474-series but adds or replaces the requirements as applicable for Earth-moving machinery.

This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery ) described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1   Rollers are covered by EN 500.
NOTE 2   Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 791.
This European Standard also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock.
This European Standard gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine specific parts (EN 474-2 to -12) do not repeat the requirements from !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", but add or replace the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 3   The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth- moving machinery.
'This part gives specific requirements for demolition machinery.(
Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009".
For multipurpose machinery the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications have to be used e.g. a compact loader also used as a trencher shall use the relevant requirements of EN 474 parts 1, 3 and 10.
The standard also covers general requirements for attachments intended to be used with earth moving machine families covered in the scope.
!Except for part 12 this European Standard does not deal" with the electrical hazards related to the main circuits and drives of machinery when the principal source of energy is electrical.
!This European Standard does not deal with towing of trailers."
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to earth moving machines, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.

This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery ) described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1   Rollers are covered by EN 500.
NOTE 2   Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 791.
This European Standard also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock.
This European Standard gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine specific parts EN 474-2 to -12 do not repeat the requirements from EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009, but add or replace the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 3   The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth- moving machinery.
This part gives specific requirements for demolition machinery.
Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009.
For multipurpose machinery the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications have to be used e.g. a compact loader also used as a trencher shall use the relevant requirements of EN 474 parts 1, 3 and 10.
The standard also covers general requirements for attachments intended to be used with earth moving machine families covered in the scope.
Except for part 12 this European Standard does not deal with the electrical hazards related to the main circuits and drives of machinery when the principal source of energy is electrical.
This European Standard does not deal with towing of trailers.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to earth moving machines, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.