ISO 1213-2:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1213-2
Second edition
2016-12-15
Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing
and analysis
Combustibles minéraux solides — Vocabulaire —
Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l’échantillonnage, l’essai et l’analyse
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .27
Alphabetical index .28
Foreword
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 1, Coal
preparation: Terminology and performance.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1213-2:1992), which has been technically
revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 1213 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1213-2:2016(E)
Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
1 Scope
This document defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of solid
mineral fuels.
Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, however, the use of the alternative name
is deprecated (as indicated).
An alphabetical index, with numerical cross reference is provided.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
abrasion
loss of material from particle surfaces of a solid mineral fuel, or from other surfaces in contact with the
particles, caused by friction between contacting surfaces
3.2
abrasion index
total mass lost by the abrasion (3.1) of four carbon steel blades when rotated in a specified mass of a
solid mineral fuel under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in milligrams of metal lost per kilogram of solid mineral fuel.
3.3
abrasion value
resistance to abrasion (3.1) of the coke (3.42) after reaction with carbon dioxide in the CRI test, measured
as the percentage of a sample passing through a 0,5 mm sieve after tumbling under conditions specified
3.4
adiabatic calorimeter
calorimeter that adjusts its jacket temperature constantly to be identical to bomb temperature, thereby
preventing heat losses
Note 1 to entry: The inner calorimeter chamber and the jacket exchange no energy because the water temperature
in both is identical during the test. The water in the external jacket is heated or cooled to match the temperature
change in the calorimeter proper.
3.5
accuracy
closeness of agreement between an observation and the “true” value
Note 1 to entry: The accuracy of a result should not be confused with its precision. A result may be precise but it
is only accurate when it is free of bias (3.18).
3.6
adventitious ash
DEPRECATED: extraneous ash
ash arising from mineral matter (3.136) associated with, but not inherent in, a solid mineral fuel
3.7
air-dried basis
means of expressing an analytical result based on the condition in which a solid mineral fuel is in
equilibrium with atmospheric humidity
3.8
air-drying
process of bringing the moisture content of the sample near to equilibrium with the atmosphere, in the
area in which further reduction of the sample are to take place
Note 1 to entry: The solid mineral fuel in this state is composed of absorbed moisture, mineral matter and
organic matter.
3.9
anthracite
coal (3.39) of high rank (3.174), with a low volatile matter (3.239) content and a semi-metallic lustre,
and which does not soften or swell when heated
3.10
apparent relative density
ratio of the mass of a fuel (lump sample) to the mass of an equal volume of water (at the same
temperature), inclusive of any voids within the fuel subjected to the test
Note 1 to entry: The apparent relative density should not be confused with the bulk density (3.25).
3.11
ash
residue obtained by incineration of a solid mineral fuel under specified conditions
3.12
ash analysis
analysis of ash (3.11) for its elemental composition
Note 1 to entry: The elements usually determined are silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, manganese, titanium,
calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur, and these are usually expressed as oxides.
3.13
ash fusibility
characteristic physical state of the ash (3.11) obtained by heating under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing atmosphere (3.176) conditions.
Note 2 to entry: See also deformation temperature, sphere temperature (3.215), hemisphere temperature (3.98)
and flow temperature (3.75).
3.14
ash viscosity
measure of the resistance to flow of ash (3.11) in the fused state
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3.15
as received basis
as sampled basis
means of expressing an analytical result based on the condition where total moisture (3.232) is included
3.16
base/acid ratio
ratio of the mass of basic oxides (iron(III) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, disodium oxide and
dipotassium oxide) to the mass of acidic oxides (silica, aluminium oxide and titanium (IV) oxide) in
ash (3.11)
Note 1 to entry: This ratio can be used in the determination of the fouling factor (3.81) and the slagging factor.
3.17
batch
quantity of a solid mineral fuel produced at one time under relatively uniform conditions
3.18
bias
systematic error (3.68) which leads to the average value of a series of results being persistently higher
or persistently lower than those obtained using a reference sampling method
Note 1 to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error. There may be one or more
systematic error components contributing to the bias. A larger systematic difference from the accepted reference
value is reflected by a larger bias value.
3.19
bias of scale
bias (3.18) that is constant and independent of the range of values measured
3.20
bituminous coal
general descriptive term for coal (3.39) of rank (3.174) between anthracite (3.9) and brown coal and
lignite (3.24)
Note 1 to entry: The vitrinites in all coals in the bituminous range melt and form a coke when the coal is heated
above 400 °C in the absence of air.
Note 2 to entry: In some countries, coals of rank immediately below that of bituminous coal are referred to as
sub-bituminous coals.
3.21
blast furnace coke
strong, large coke (3.116) for use in blast furnaces
Note 1 to entry: Blast furnace coke is generally produced from blends of bituminous coals (3.20), which may
incorporate additives.
Note 2 to entry: Blast furnace coke usually has a low reactivity to carbon dioxide.
3.22
breakage
particle size reduction (3.155) resulting from impact and/or compression
3.23
breeze
undersize after separating the smallest size of graded coke (3.91)
Note 1 to entry: Breeze is usually less than 10 mm in size.
3.24
brown coal and lignite
coals (3.39) of low rank (3.174) characterized by high inherent moisture, high volatile matter (3.239)
and low calorific value
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, the terms are used to describe all low-rank coals up to bituminous coals (3.20).
In other countries, the coals at the higher end of the range are referred to as sub-bituminous coals.
3.25
bulk density
mass of a portion of a solid mineral fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that
portion under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Bulk density values can have range and may depend on previous handling, time and weather.
The values on stockpiles can also vary from loose free fall situations to compacted filled by that portion under
specified conditions.
3.26
bulk sample
sample of large mass, taken in a particular operation for a specific reason such as for float sink
analysis (3.78)
3.27
caking of coal
property of coal (3.39) when heating without access of air to a plastic condition with formation of the
connected non-volatile residue
3.28
caking index
measure of the caking power of a coal in terms of the mechanical strength (3.132) of the coke (3.42)
obtained by carbonization, under specified conditions, of an intimate mixture of the coal (3.39) and
standard anthracite (3.9)
3.29
calorific value gross at constant volume
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in joules, for unit mass of a solid fuel burned in
oxygen in a calorimetric bomb under the conditions specified
Note 1 to entry: The products of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and sulfur dioxide, of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under the
conditions of the bomb reaction, and of solid ash, all at the reference temperature.
Note 2 to entry: Equipment such as Adiabatic and or Isothermal bomb calorimeters are used to determine
this result.
3.30
calorific value net at constant volume
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in joules, for unit mass of the fuel burned in oxygen
under conditions of constant volume and such that all the water of the reaction remains as water vapour
(in a hypothetical state at 0,1 Mpa), the other products being as for the gross calorific value all at the
reference temperature
Note 1 to entry: The net calorific value at constant volume is the negative value of the net specific energy of
combustion.
3.31
calorific value net at constant pressure
absolute value of the specific heat (enthalpy) of combustion in joules, for unit mass of the fuel burned in
oxygen at constant pressure under such conditions that all the water of the reaction products remains
as water vapour (at 0,1 Mpa), the other products being as for the gross calorific value, all at the reference
temperature
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3.32
carbominerite
collective term for inter growths of minerals and macerals (3.121)
Note 1 to entry: The various types of carbominerite with their compositions are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Types and compositions of carbominerite
Type Volume percentage of minerals
Carbargilite 20 to 60, clay minerals
Carbopyrite 5 to 20, sulfides
Carbankerite 20 to 60, carbonates
Carbosilicite 20 to 60, quartz
a
Carbopolyminerite 20 to 60, various minerals
a
The term is used also for carbopolyminerite containing a maximum
of 5 % of mineral matter, provided that sulfides form a substantial part of
...