ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020

ISO/IEC TR 30166
Edition 1.0 2020-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Industrial IoT

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ISO/IEC TR 30166
Edition 1.0 2020-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Industrial IoT

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 25-040-40; 35.020; 35.240.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-8251-9

– 2 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Abbreviated terms . 10
5 IIoT systems and landscape, see [1] . 12
5.1 Overview. 12
5.1.1 General . 12
5.1.2 Architecture . 15
5.1.3 Implementation of IIoT systems . 15
5.1.4 IIoT use case implementations . 16
5.1.5 Edge (fog) computing in IIoT, see [2] . 16
5.1.6 Interoperability and conformance . 16
5.1.7 IIoT characteristics trustworthiness . 17
5.1.8 Wearables in IIoT . 18
5.1.9 Cross-cutting activities on IIoT . 18
5.2 Analysis consideration on IIoT landscape of systems . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 IIoT systems and architecture . 19
5.2.3 IIoT application (virtual/physical use case) . 22
5.2.4 IIoT connectivity . 23
5.2.5 IIoT interoperability focus . 23
5.2.6 The IIoT user, see [20] . 23
5.2.7 IIoT migration strategies, see [29] . 24
5.3 General definition of IIoT and smart manufacturing (SM) . 25
5.3.1 Definition of IIoT . 25
5.3.2 Cyber physical systems differentiation in the IIoT . 26
5.3.3 Industrial Internet to CPPS and CPS definition . 26
5.3.4 Smart Manufacturing differentiation vs. IIoT . 26
5.3.5 Verticals of IoT market . 26
5.4 Smart Manufacturing and IIoT . 28
5.4.1 General . 28
5.4.2 The IIoT high-level view . 28
5.4.3 Industrial products/services life cycle – in IIoT/Smart Manufacturing . 30
5.4.4 Industrial manufacturing/automation through (IT/OT) standardization –
CPPS . 30
5.5 Collaboration considerations on an IIoT reference architecture for
standardization (use case driven) . 31
5.5.1 General . 31
5.5.2 General comparison of RAs and models on IIoT, see [37] . 31
5.5.3 IIoT systems characteristics: connectivity and communication aspects . 31
5.5.4 IIoT semantic aspects: IIoT characteristics . 32
5.5.5 Data scale in IIoT . 37
5.5.6 Runtime integration of IIoT . 37
5.5.7 Edge computing in IIoT . 37
5.5.8 The endpoint – considerations on IIoT . 37

5.5.9 “Dependability” for IIoT systems (IEC TC 56) . 38
6 Considerations for future standardization of IIoT . 38
6.1 Main findings by this document on IIoT standardization . 38
6.2 Risk for standards development on IIoT . 39
6.2.1 General . 39
6.2.2 Avoiding work duplication on IIoT standards development – across
SDOs . 39
6.2.3 Important to IIoT: "semantics above syntax", see [55] . 39
6.2.4 Standards for handling the “ownership of data” in IIoT, see [56] . 39
6.2.5 Vocabulary definitions – issues to IIoT . 40
6.3 Perspective to development of standards for IIoT . 40
6.3.1 "Digital twins" – as a generic concept in IIoT . 40
6.3.2 (AI) Artificial Intelligence to be used by IIoT (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42) . 41
6.3.3 Federation of cloud in/between IIoT systems (DIN SPEC 92222) . 42
6.3.4 Future standardization on: “microservices and micro-applications in IIoT”

see [40] . 42
6.3.5 “Blockchain technology” – future standardization in IIoT . 42
6.3.6 “Wearables” (in IIoT) . 43
6.3.7 Compatibility requirements and model – for devices – within IIoT
systems . 43
6.4 Roadmap perspective analysis for future standardization work for IIoT . 45
6.4.1 Future standardization work for IIoT as a vertical domain of the IoT . 45
6.4.2 ISO/IEC collaboration in relation to IIoT . 47
Annex A (informative) Listing of all SDOs, non-SDOs, consortia, FOSS (free open
source systems) in context of the IIoT mentioned in this document . 50
A.1 SDOs recognized/identified as of interest to IIoT and also in relation to
Clause 5 on standardization landscape in IIoT . 50
A.1.1 General . 50
rd
A.1.2 3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project . 50
A.1.3 ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) . 51
A.1.4 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) . 51
A.1.5 ISO/IEC . 52
A.2 IIoT related initiatives/engagements by national standardization bodies . 61
A.2.1 General . 61
A.2.2 Sweden – LISA . 61
A.2.3 France – “Usine du Futur”, see [67] . 62
A.2.4 Germany – Industrie 4.0, see [68] . 63
A.2.5 Korea – “Korea – Manufacturing Industry Innovation 3.0 strategy”, . 63
A.2.6 China – Industrial Initiatives (Standards Development) . 64
A.2.7 Japan (RRI and IVI) . 65
A.2.8 USA – CPS/CPPS/IIoT Standards Initiatives . 67
A.2.9 IIoT activities by EC EU . 69
A.3 Industrial consortia recognized/identified as being of interest on working

about the IIoT . 69
A.3.1 General . 69
A.3.2 Alliance of Industrial Internet: “Chinese Model of Smart Manufacturing
in context of program China Manufacturing 2025” [70] . 70
A.3.3 5G-ACIA in IIoT, and Smart Manufacturing . 70
A.3.4 China Edge Computing Consortium ECC . 71
A.3.5 DMG (Data Mining Group) . 71

– 4 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
A.3.6 eCl@ss . 71
A.3.7 IIC (Industrial Internet Consortium) . 73
A.3.8 International Data Spaces . 73
A.3.9 Industrial Value Chain Initiative (IVI) . 73
A.3.10 ISA (International Society of Automation) . 74
A.3.11 oneM2M – also linked to ETSI above . 74
A.3.12 OPC Foundation . 74
A.3.13 Automation ML . 75
A.3.14 OMAC (Organization for Machine Automation and Control), see [71] . 75
A.3.15 IIoT Semantic: WiSE-IoT (Worldwide interoperability for semantics IoT),
see [72] . 75
A.4 RFC-based standards development recognized as being of interest to IIoT . 76
A.4.1 General . 76
A.4.2 IETF/IRTF on IT Section related standards development also in IIoT . 76
A.4.3 OASIS – Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information
Standards . 77
A.4.4 OCF (Open Connectivity Foundation) . 77
A.4.5 ODVA – Open DeviceNet Vendors Association . 78
A.4.6 OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) . 78
A.4.7 OMG (Object Management Group) . 79
A.4.8 OpenFog Consortium – former, now part of IIC . 80
A.4.9 The Open Group . 80
A.4.10 Project Haystack – IIoT Semantic . 81
A.4.11 W3C – World Wide Web Consortium . 81
A.5 Consortial work on standardization by reference . 82
A.5.1 General . 82
A.5.2 IIRA (by IIC) . 82
A.5.3 Bluetooth SIG . 83
A.5.4 IO-Link – on Wireless Industrial RealTime Communication . 83
Bibliography . 85

Figure 1 – Six typical features of IIoT . 8
Figure 2 – IIoT mapping landscape description for SDO and non-SDO, consortia,
FOSS . 14
Figure 3 – Trustworthiness functional components as identified in ISO/IEC 30141:2018 . 18
Figure 4 – Migration approach towards IIoT systems . 25
Figure 5 – IoT SDOs and alliances landscape (vertical and horizontal domains) . 27
Figure 6 – Layout of the overall view on IIoT in the SC 41 context – the IoT bird’s eye
view in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41, see [34]. . 29
Figure 7 – Diagram showing that the IIoT is part of the IoT applications domain (bird’s
eye view), see [35] . 30
Figure 8 – IIoT connectivity stack from IICF, see [38] . 32
Figure 9 – The semiotic triangle . 33
Figure 10 – Semantics in IIoT meaning context, i.e. sensing . 36
Figure A.1 – Structure of IEC TC 65 and ISO/TC 184 JWG 21 . 58
Figure A.2 – ISO/IEC Taskforce Standards Map Smart Manufacturing . 59
Figure A.3 – KOSF logo . 64
Figure A.4 – Link reference on Chinese GB/T standards vs. OPC/UA . 65

Figure A.5 – Robot Revolution & Industrial IoT Initiative . 66
Figure A.6 – RRI and cooperative relationship . 66
Figure A.7 – Industrial Value Chain Initiative (IVI) . 67
Figure A.8 – NIST logo . 68
Figure A.9 – eCl@ss in Context to other SDO’s and institutions . 72
Figure A.10 – Activities in the BIM domain: . 72
Figure A.11 – Overview of the W3C WoT Building Blocks . 82

Table A.1 – List of protocol for IIoT / SM use case by NC China . 64

– 6 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) – INDUSTRIAL IoT

FOREWORD
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ISO/IEC TR 30166, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by subcommittee 41:
Internet of Things and related technologies, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
JTC1-SC41/95/DTR JTC1-SC41/113/RVDTR

Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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INTRODUCTION
The IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) is an identified vertical of the IoT, as seen throughout
this document in general.
It consists of Industrial (electronic) communication-capable electronic systems and devices,
which can be recognized as the integration base, to allow seamless communication, data
processing, data access and data exchange in regard to sensors (sensing), auto-ID
(automatic (global, unique) identification), and actors (acting, steering).
This is connected based upon a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous – mostly, but not
exclusively, IP based – networking structure, capable of being able to interact seamlessly, in
a flat, mesh or hierarchical architecture.
This document is intended for those users who want to get a large-scale informative overview
of the current standardization activities and standardization landscape of SDOs, consortia and
open-source communities in the field of IIoT.
Therefore, it is primarily intended for standardization managers, system architects, OT and IT
specialists with a substantial understanding of technical language in the context of discrete
manufacturing and/or process industries and with a focus on future global advanced smart
industries.
It lists also national and cooperative initiatives in regard to IIoT and the partly touching field of
Smart Manufacturing – with at least distinct working activities on IIoT in terms of their
capabilities and individual working scope. It also lists the identified ones in Annex A.
First of all, a definition is used based upon work by CESI in the whitepaper on IIoT from the
China NC in 2017:
"IIoT is a new industrial ecosystem of service driven built based on the network
interconnection, data interoperability and system interoperability of industrial
resources, to realize the flexible configuration of the manufacturing materials, the on-
demand execution of the manufacturing process, the rational optimization of the
manufacturing process and the rapid adaptation of the manufacturing environment,
and to achieve the efficient utilization of the resources.
IIoT shows six typical features: intelligent perception, ubiquitous connectivity, precise
control, digital modelling, real-time analysis and iterative optimization. (See Figure 1.)
Intelligent perception. It is the base of IIoT. The massive data generated from
industrial production, logistics, sales and other industrial chain links are the
information data of different dimensions in the industrial life cycle obtained by IIoT in
such perceptual means as the sensor and RFID, including: State information about
industrial resources, such as personnel, machines, raw materials, processes and
environment.
Ubiquitous connectivity. It is the precondition of IIoT. Industrial resources are
connected or linked to the Internet through wired or wireless ways, forming a
convenient and efficient information channel for IIoT and realizing interconnection and
intercommunication of industrial resource data, and the breadth and depth of the
connection between machines and machines, machines and people, machines and the
environment are expanded.
Digital modelling. It is the method of IIoT. Digital modelling maps industrial resources
into digital space, and simulates industrial production processes in a virtual world,
which can realize the abstract modelling of all elements in industrial production
process by virtue of the powerful information processing ability in digital space and
provide effective decision-making for the operation of industrial chain of IIoT entities.

– 8 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
Real-time analysis. It is the means of IIoT. The perceived industrial resource data can
be processed in real time in in digital space by means of technical analysis, to obtain
the internal relationship between the state of industrial resources in the virtual and the
real space; in addition, the abstract data can be further visualized to complete the
real-time response of external physical entities.
Precise control. It is the purpose of IIoT. Through the processes of state perception,
information interconnection, digital modelling, real-time analysis, etc. of industrial
resources, the precise control can be converted into the control commands that the
industrial resource entities can understand based on the decision formed in virtual
space, and then practical operation shall be conducted to achieve precise information
interaction and seamless collaboration of industrial resources.
Iterative optimization. It is the effect of IIoT. IIoT system can learn and upgrade itself
continuously. It can form effective and inheritable knowledge base, model base and
resource base by processing, analyzing and storing industrial resource data. It can
iterate and optimize till the optimal goal facing industrial resource manufacturing raw
materials, manufacturing processes, manufacturing processes and manufacturing
environment."
SOURCE: CESI
Figure 1 – Six typical features of IIoT

IoT is causing dramatic technological changes to the classical manufacturing and process
world: New technological and methodological manufacturing concepts like predictive
maintenance, adaptive MES/ERP management, big data analysis, augmented reality, Twin-
models (Digital), 3D printing, smart grid, intelligent maintenance systems, Artificial
Intelligence, CPS (cyber physical systems), CPPS [cyber physical production systems (the
5C’s: connection, conversion, cyber, cognition and configuration)] and many more are the
drivers of this technological shift. This highlights the urgent need for standardization to enable
coexistence, interoperability, in seamless functionality across all these aspects to the IIoT,
often also called the “fourth industrial revolution”.
However, there is a strong “crossover” in public recognition between “IIoT” and “Smart
Manufacturing” (SM) recognized by all in global advanced manufacturing and Smart
Manufacturing and in IoT engaged SDOs, organizations and other interested groups.
It is truly difficult to set or identify a hard border-line between both these topics of interest and
ongoing development because the overlap shows that often three out of four named topics are
handled on both the SM side and the IIoT side, which leads to about 75 % overlapping space
being identified.
As this is still an ongoing process of development, it will be considered for review in all future
revisions to this document.
IIoT can be defined upon the IoT reference architecture (ISO/IEC 30141), as described later
on.
This document has three main focused outcomes:
a) IIoT definition (domains, as well as IIoT systems and landscapes: This provides a
structural analysis of all the materials collected and analysed, restructured by subclauses
in Clause 5 and outlining different characteristics, technical aspects and functional as well
as non-functional elements of the IIoT structure surrounded by appropriate analytic views
and comments on standardization to it.
b) Considerations about future standardization in IIoT: This document takes a look at the
future of standardization regarding IIoT in Clause 6. Therein it describes the
standardization perspective and the necessary risk analysis to be undertaken. It analyses
identified problems, challenges and lists potential work items for standardization as well.
c) An overview of identified relevant standards and industrial initiative in relation to IIoT:
Listing all the identified SDOs, non-SDOs, and former smart manufacturing and global
advanced manufacturing initiatives as input for further development on standardization in
the IIoT field in collaboration with Smart Manufacturing, which is the field having the
nearest scope to IIoT. Even knowing that these standards are huge in number and mostly
related to smart manufacturing as well as global advanced manufacturing, they establish a
baseline in relation to each other as well as with regard to new upcoming IIoT related
standards.
Clause 6 covers the main conclusions, considerations and outlook to normative roadmapping.

– 10 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) – INDUSTRIAL IoT

1 Scope
This document describes the following:
• general Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems and landscapes which outline characteristics,
technical aspects and functional as well as non-functional elements of the IIoT structure
and a listing of standardizing organisations, consortia and open-source communities with
work on all aspects on IIoT;
• considerations for the future standardization perspective of IIoT including risk analysis,
new technologies and identified collaborations.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Abbreviated terms
3D Three Dimensional (mostly in CAD/CAE)
5G-ACIA 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation
AAS Asset Administration Shell (often shortened to Administration Shell)
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIOTI The Alliance for the Internet of Things Innovation
ASMT American Society for Testing and Materials
AutomationML Automation (Domain Language) Markup Language (like XML)
CCSA China Communications Standards Association
CESI China Electronics Standardization Institute
CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CPPS Cyber Physical Production System
CPS Cyber Physical System
CT Communication Technology
DDS Data Distribution Service
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German MB to ISO)
DKE Deutsche Kommission für Elektrotechnik (German NC to IEC)
e@Class (electronic) @ Classification and Product description
EC Edge Computing
ECC Edge Computing Committee (China)
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FOAF (Friend of a Friend) [ontology]
FOSS Free Open Source Systems
GD Gateway Devices
GIoT Green IoT (A LPWAN IoT total solution provider)
GSMA GSM Association
GUI Graphic user interface
H2020 Horizon 2020 (EC/EU Founding Research program)
HMI Human–Machine Interface
I4.0 Industrie 4.0
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDSA International Data Spaces Association
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IIC Industrial Internet Consortium
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
IIRA Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
Industrial CPS Industrial Cyber-Physical-System
IoT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
IRTF Internet Research Task Force
ISA International Society of Automation
ISG ETSI Industry Specification Group – for cross-cutting Context Information
Management
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT Information Technology
ITU International Telecommunications Union
ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IVI Industrial Value-Chain Initiative (Japan)
JWG Joint working group
LNI Labs Network Industrie 4.0 (Standardization Council I4.0 DIN/DKE/VDE)
MB Member Body (ISO)
M2M Machine-to-machine
NC National Committee (IEC)
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NRM Normative Roadmap Rev. 3.0 (defined by SCI, see below)
OMG Object Management Group
OneM2M One Machine to Machine collaboration – by different NBs (USA, EU/EC, JP,
China, Korea)
OPC OLE (object linking and embedding) for Process Control
OSI Open Systems Interconnection Model
OT Operational Technology
– 12 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
QoS Quality of Service
RA Reference Architecture
RAMI 4.0 Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (IEC PAS 63088:2017)
R&D Research and Development
RDF Resource Description Framework
RTLS Real-Time-Locating-System
SAG Strategic Advisory Group
SCI SCI 4.0 (Standardization Council Industrie 4.0)
SDN Software Defined Network
SDN Software Defined Networking
SDO Standards Developing Organization
SEG Strategy Evaluation Group
Semanz4.0 Semantics for I4.0
SG Study Group
SM Smart Manufacturing
SM/IIoT Smart Manufacturing/IIoT (Common View)
SmartM2M Smart Machine to Machine (Focus: Communication)
SOA Service Oriented Architecture
TC Technical Committee
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDIA Telecommunication Development Industry Alliance
TMBG Technical Management Board Group
ToR Terms of reference
TSN Time Sensitive Networking
UA Unified Architecture
UdF Usine de Future (France NB)
VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik
(Germany NC in IEC)
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WSDL Web Services Description Language
5 IIoT systems and landscape, see [1]
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 General
Figure 2 depicts a structural view of IIoT as the big picture, showing how IIoT is constructed.
Figure 2 should give a base impression of the complexity and structural setup of IIoT,
intended as a common view; all technical details and aspects shown therein are explained in
the following clauses and subclauses.
It shows up a static as well as dynamic layered view consistently built up from the bottom (the
OT Operation Technology World) to the top (the IT-World).

In this way, analog values are converted into digital information, streamed upwards and
downwards through the IP centric medial structures (Middleware, Fog-, Edge-) up towards the
Business layers, in which this information is analysed, processed, streamed back down to the
OT side again, resulting in business outcome with the highest flexibility and lot-size-zero
profitable capable results.
All of this is accompanied by vertical organized intersectional elements of checks and
balanced control like: Security, Safety, Trustworthiness, Life cycle, as well as vertical
management functionalities across all of these.
"Dynamic" in this regard means that all of these structural elements can be seen layered,
recursive and paralleled in their being and instantiation like Hardware and software
development systems to generate exactly this entire infrastructure are explained in the CESI
whitepaper cited in the Introduction.

– 14 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
– 14 – CISPR 16-1-1/Ed. 3/CDV © IEC(E)

Figure 2 – IIoT mapping landscape description for SDO and non-SDO, consortia, FOSS

For the rationale of a general overview to this document, the focus should be on a structured
mapping of existing SDO and non-SDO, consortia, FOSS with strong working emphasis on
standardization development in IIoT – seen as a vertical of the IoT.
The mapping analysis identifies the following focus areas.
5.1.2 Architecture
This area identifies work with respect to common IIoT vocabulary, frameworks, and
architecture that is meant to serve as a common technology ecosystem across various
industrial sectors. This focus area considers effort to specify a range of industry-driven
requirements that support design, deployment, integration, connectivity, and other scenarios
for machinery, equipment, and devices, which are utilized across a broad spectrum of
industrial verticals.
EXAMPLE 1 (reference architecture): Edge computing Security reference architectures (ECC); reference
architecture of a security gateway for the exchange of industry data and services (IDSA); architecture analysis
(oneM2M); OpenFog Reference Architecture (OpenFog Consortium); Service Oriented Architecture SOA – (the
Open Group); etc.
EXAMPLE 2 (vocabulary): ISA96.01 Terminology for Actuators.
EXAMPLE 3 (reference model): IVI (Japan) investigates scenarios where companies naturally collaborate in order
to gather a broader understanding of more general connection models (reference models).
EXAMPLE 4 (requirements): The Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIC); system requirements (ISA);
product as a part of the automation solution (ISO/TC 184 / IEC TC 65 – JWG 21).
5.1.3 Implementation of IIoT systems
This focus area identifies matches with respect to implementation and other guiding concepts
for the development of IIoT systems and industrial applications.
In particular, it includes the standardization activities with reference to:
– the implementation of industrial control and automation systems, industrial products, and
cyber-physical production systems (i.e. machinery, equipment, devices, etc.) in general;
– the implementation of connectivity technologies such as industrial platforms, middleware,
identification processes, e.g. to automatically discover, compose and integrate
heterogeneous industrial components;
– the development of the coherent ontologies in various industrial domains;
– networking specifics, including vertical and horizontal interoperability concepts;
– system and software engineering that covers the processes, supporting tools and
supporting technologies for the engineering of software products and systems for
industrial needs;
– the development of IIoT systems and processes and their life cycles
– the implementation of IIoT systems and processes that are influenced by societal and
human factors, including human-in-the-loop, trustworthiness aspects of IoT based services
to humans, cultural change of the organization under redefined role of humans, etc.;
– the transformation of IIoT systems within a digital factory including such topics as
migration strategies, new business models, enterprise domains and value chain specifics.
EXAMPLE 1 (industrial automation and control systems): the control and automation centre (largely standardized
within IEC TC 65); modern means for industrial automation scenarios focused on network-based wireless indoor
use cases (ITU).
EXAMPLE 2 (industrial product): product as a part of the automation solution (ISO/TC 184 / IEC TC 65 – JWG 21).
EXAMPLE 3 (life cycle dependencies): Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas
production facilities (ISO 15926 from ISO TC 184).

– 16 – ISO/IEC TR 30166:2020 © ISO/IEC 2020
EXAMPLE 4 (societal and human factors): modelling the front end of software applications (OMG); personal data
and personal data protection to the various categories of stakeholders (AIOTI); human role in Industrie 4.0 (SCI 4.0
Standardization Council Industrie 4.0); self-improvement adaptive system including human-in-the-loop (ISO TC 184
/ IEC TC 65 – JWG 21).
EXAMPLE 5 (vertical and horizontal interoperability): analyse new business and development models related to
communication technologies (former IEC SEG 8, now converted to IEC SyC SM); vertical interoperability such as
IIoT systems’ integration in industrial cloud environment and federation concepts (DIN SPEC 92222); horizontal
interoperability with respect to logistics, conceptualization, design, procurement, construction, commission
production, development, and other (ISO TC 184 / IEC TC 65 – JWG 21).
EXAMPLE 6 (migration strategies): conceptual development and trends in the manufacturing sector (Plattform
Industrie 4.0); holistic migration approach based on a stepwise process (PERFoRM Horizon 2020 research and
innovation program under grant agreement No. 680435).
EXAMPLE 7 (ontology dictionary): IEC CDD according to
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