IEC 60728-7-1:2003

IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)
Layer Specification
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IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)

Layer Specification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.040; 33.160; 35.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-2659-9

IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)
Layer Specification
– 2 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.10 Abbreviated terms . 8
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications . 8
4.1 HMS specification documents . 9
4.2 Functional assumptions . 9
5 Physical layer specification . 10
5.1 Separate forward and return channels . 10
5.2 Single forward and return path channels . 10
5.3 Byte-based transmission . 10
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order . 10
5.5 Packet-based transmission . 11
5.6 Duplex operation . 11
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications . 11
5.8 Media access control layer interface . 18
5.9 RF cut-off . 18
Bibliography . 19

Figure 1 – HMS reference architecture diagram . 8
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order . 11

Table 1 – Transponder type classifications . 6
Table 2 – HMS document family . 9
Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area (North America and Europe) . 10
Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications . 12

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60728-7-1 edition 1.1 contains the first edition (2003-10) [documents 100/576/CDV and
100/683/RVC] and its amendment 1 (2015-04) [documents 100/2417/FDIS and 100/2481/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with deletions being
struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
– 4 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003
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International Standard IEC 60728-7-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The following differences exist in some countries:
The Japanese de facto standard (NCTEA S-006) concerning requirements for the HFC
outside plant management, which was published in 1995, has already been available in
Japan. The purpose of this standard is to support the design and implementation of
interoperable management systems for HFC cable networks used in Japan. (see Table 4)
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services including equipment, systems and installations for
 head-end reception, processing and distribution of television and sound signals and their
associated data signals, and
 processing, interfacing and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services
using all applicable transmission media.
All kinds of networks like
 CATV-networks,
 MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
 individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks, are within
this scope.
Standards and other deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including
equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and
distribution of television and sound signals and for processing, interfacing and transmitting all
kinds of data signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media. These
signals are typically transmitted in networks by frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes for instance
 regional and local broadband cable networks,
 extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
 individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas, and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the system outlet or the
terminal input, where no system outlet exists of the customer premises equipment.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial and optical cables and accessories therefore thereof
is excluded.
– 6 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003
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CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 specifies requirements for The Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) Outside Plant
(OSP) Physical (PHY) Layer Specification and is part of the series of specifications developed
by the Hybrid Management Sub-Layer (HMS) subcommittee under the SCTE. The purpose of
the HMS specification is to support the design and implementation of interoperable
management systems for evolving HFC cable networks. The HMS Physical (PHY) Layer
Specification describes the physical layer portion of the protocol stack used for
communication between HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to managed outside plant
network elements (NE) and a centralized head-end element (HE).
This standard describes the PHY layer requirements that must be implemented by all Type 2
and Type 3 compliant OSP HMS transponders on the HFC plant and the controlling equipment
in the head-end. Any exceptions to compliance with this standard will be specifically noted
herein as necessary. Refer to Table 1 for a full definition of the type classifications.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is not specified in this standard and is left to the vendor
to ensure compliance with local EMC regulatory requirements. Other than operating
temperature, physical parameters such as shock, vibration, humidity, etc., are also not
specified and left to the vendor’s discretion.
Transponder type classifications referenced within the HMS series of standards are defined in
Table 1.
Table 1 – Transponder type classifications
Type Description Application
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
through proprietary means.
Refers to legacy transponder
Type 0 equipment, which is incapable of
This transponder could be managed through the same
supporting the HMS specifications
management applications as the other types through proxies
or other means at the head-end
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
Refers to stand-alone transponder
through proprietary means.
equipment (legacy or new) which can
Type 1
Type 1 is a standards-compliant transponder (either
be upgraded to support the HMS
manufactured to the standard or upgraded) that connects to
specifications
legacy network equipment via a proprietary interface
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical and physical specifications defined in
the HMS standards.
Refers to a stand-alone, HMS-
Type 2
compliant transponder
It can be factory or field-installed.
Its RF connection is independent of the monitored NE
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical specifications defined in the HMS
standards.
Refers to a stand-alone or embedded,
It may or may not support the physical specifications defined
Type 3
HMS-compliant transponder
in the HMS standards.
It can be factory-installed. It may or may not be field-installed.
Its RF connection is through the monitored NE

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2 Normative references
None.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
forward spectrum path band
the pass-band continuous set of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of
between 48 MHz and 87,5 MHz, depending on the particular geographical area, and an upper
edge that is typically in the range of 300 MHz to 860 1 000 MHz depending on implementation
Note 1 to entry: Due to different channel spacing plans in use, this upper frequency limit may not be exactly
1 000 MHz, but some megahertz higher, e.g. 1 002 MHz or 1 006 MHz. The notation 1 000 MHz in this standard is
intended to include such small deviations.
3.2
full spectrum path band
combined combination of forward and return spectrums path band and return path band in
HFC cable systems and excludes excluding any guard band
3.3
guard band
unused frequency band between the upper edge of the usable return spectrum path band and
the lower edge of the usable forward spectrum path band in HFC cable systems
3.4
network element (NE)
active element in the outside plant that is capable of receiving commands from a head-end
element (HE) in the head-end and, as necessary, providing status information and alarms
back to the HE
3.5
open system interconnection (OSI)
framework of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for commu-
nication between multi-vendor systems that organizes the communication process into seven
different categories that are placed in a layered sequence based on the relationship to the
user. Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides services to the layer above.
Layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communication between the message source and
destination, and layers 3 through 1 deal with network functions
3.6
physical (PHY) layer
layer 1 in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture; the layer that provides
services to transmit bits or groups of bits over a transmission link between open systems and
which entails electrical, mechanical and handshaking procedures
3.7
return spectrum path band
pass-band continuous set of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of 5 MHz
and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to 65 MHz depending on the
particular geographical area
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3.8
transponder
device in the outside plant that interfaces to outside plant NEs and relays status and alarm
information to the HE. It can interface with an active NE via an arrangement of parallel
analogue, parallel digital and serial ports
3.9
un-modulated carrier
carrier resting on the ‘mark’ frequency rather than on the channel’s centre frequency
3.10 Abbreviated terms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Rate
C/R Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
C/(N+I) Carrier to Noise-plus-Interference Ratio
CW Continuous Wave
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
HE Head-end Element
HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax
HMS Hybrid Management Sub-Layer
LSB Least Significant Bit
MSB Most Significant Bit
NE Network Element
MAC Media Access Control
OSP Outside Plant
PHY Physical
RF Radio Frequency
SCTE Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications
The reference architecture for the HMS series of specifications is illustrated in Figure 1.
Fiber Node
RF Optical RF
RF
Laser
TRANSMITER Receiver RECEIVER
Splitter
RF Amplifier Chain
Headend
Status
Status
Monitoring
*
Monitoring
Diplexer
Device
Equipment
Optical RF
RF
RF
Laser
Receiver Combiner
RECEIVER
TRANSMITER
B C A
* The diplexer filter may be included as part of the network element to which the
transponder interfaces, or it may be added separately by the network operator.
IEC  2293/03
Figure 1 – HMS reference architecture diagram

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All quantities relating to forward channel transmission or reverse channel reception are
measured at point A in Figure 1. All quantities relating to forward channel reception or reverse
channel transmission are measured at point B for two-port devices and point C for single port
devices as shown in Figure 1.
4.1 HMS specification documents
A list of documents in the HMS specifications family is provided in Table 2.
Table 2 – HMS document family
HMS notation Title
SCTE HMS PHY HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Physical (PHY) Layer Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Media Access Control (MAC) Layer
SCTE HMS MAC
Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Power Supply to Transponder
SCTE HMS PSTIB
Interface Bus (PSTIB) Specification
SCTE HMS ALARMS MIB HMS Alarms Management Information Base
SCTE HMS COMMON MIB HMS Common Management Information Base
SCTE HMS FIBERNODE MIB HMS Fiber Node Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PROPERTY MIB HMS Alarm Property Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PS MIB HMS Power Supply Management Information Base
SCTE ROOT MIB SCTE Root Management Information Base
SCTE HMS GEN MIB HMS Power Supply Generator Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TIB MIB HMS Transponder Interface Bus Management Information Base
SCTE HMS DOWNLOAD MIB HMS Transponder Firmware Download Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TREE MIB HMS Root Object Identifiers Management Information Base
4.2 Functional assumptions
4.2.1 Forward path band and return spectrum path band
The forward spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band continuous set
of frequencies with a lower edge of between 48 MHz and 87,5 MHz, depending on the
particular geographical area, and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 300 MHz to
860 1 000 MHz depending on implementation. Analogue television signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz
channels are assumed to be present on the forward spectrum path band as well as other
narrowband and wideband digital signals.
The return spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band of frequencies
with a lower edge of 5 MHz and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to
65 MHz depending on the particular geographical area. Narrowband and wideband digital
signals may be present on the return spectrum path band as well as analogue television
signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz channels.
The full spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the combined forward and return
spectrums path bands and excludes any guard band. The guard band refers to the unused
frequency band between the upper edge of the usable return spectrum path band and the
lower edge of the usable forward spectrum path band. Specific limits on forward and return
spectrum path band for various geographical areas are detailed in Table 3.

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Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area (North America and Europe)
Return spectrum path band Forward spectrum path band
Geography
Minimum Guard band Guard band Maximum
frequency lower limit upper limit frequency
North America 5 MHz 42 MHz 48 MHz 1 000 GHz
Europe 1 5 MHz 30 MHz 47 MHz 862 MHz
Europe 2 5 MHz 50 MHz 70 MHz 862 1 000 MHz
Europe 3 5 MHz 65 MHz 87,5 MHz 862 1 000 MHz

4.2.2 Transmission levels
The nominal level of the forward spectrum path band HMS carrier(s) is targeted to be no
higher than –10 dB relative to analogue video nominal carrier levels. The nominal power level
of the return spectrum path band HMS carrier(s) will be as low as possible to achieve the
required margin above noise and interference. Uniform power loading per unit bandwidth is
commonly followed in setting signal levels on the return spectrum path band, with specific
levels established by the cable network operator to achieve the required carrier-to-noise and
carrier-to-interference ratios.
5 Physical layer specification
This clause describes version 1.0 of the HMS PHY layer specification. The PHY layer
describes rules that govern the transmission of bytes from one device to another. The specific
requirements of the HMS PHY layer are detailed in this clause.
5.1 Separate forward and return channels
The one-way communication channel from the HE to a managed OSP NE is referred to as the
forward channel. The one-way communication channel from a managed OSP NE to the HE is
referred to as the return channel. Both the forward and the return channels are placed on
specific centre frequencies. The forward and return channels’ centre frequencies are different.
Since the NEs only listen to the forward channel, they cannot listen to return channel
transmissions from other NEs. This channel separation is a result of the sub-band split
between the forward and return portions of the typical HFC plant spectrum.
5.2 Single forward and return path channels
To keep management of carrier frequencies simple, each HMS-based status monitoring
system has a single forward channel and a single return channel. This does not preclude the
use of multiple monitoring systems, each with its own individual forward and return RF
channels.
5.3 Byte-based transmission
The physical layer provides byte-based communications in both directions, between a
managed NE and the head-end. It delivers bytes from one end of the channel to the other end
of the channel.
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order
Bytes on both forward and return channels are ten bits in length. They contain one start bit,
eight bits of data, and one stop bit. The start bit has binary value ‘0’, and the stop bit has
binary value ‘1’.
Throughout this standard, bits labelled ‘0’ are the least significant bits (LSBs). The LSB of a
single byte is always transmitted first following the start bit. Bits labelled ‘7’ are the most

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significant bits (MSBs). The MSB of a single byte is always transmitted last followed by the
stop bit. The transmission order is summarized in Figure 2.

IEC  2294/03
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order
5.5 Packet-based transmission
Transmission in both forward and return channels is implemented using packets.
Transmission on the forward channel is continuous; there is no gap in RF output between
packets. Packets are separated by a continuous sequence of bits having value ‘1’, i.e. ‘mark’
tone. The channel is said to ‘rest on mark’ between packets.
Transmission on the return channel is accomplished with burst packets. Packets are
separated by periods of silence when the transmitter is turned off. Burst communication is
used in the return path of HFC systems because of its ability to solve the many-to-one
multiple access characteristic by allowing terminals to ‘take turns’ transmitting.
5.6 Duplex operation
The physical layer implementation in HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to OSP NEs
shall support half-duplex operation. There is no requirement for full-duplex operation.
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications
HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications for the forward and return communi-
cations channels are shown in Table 4. Descriptions of each parameter are provided following
that table. Any exceptions to compliance with the specifications in Table 4 will be specifically
noted in this document as necessary.

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Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications
Item HE Transponder
note 1
Transmit power level
+100 dB(µV) to +111 dB(µV) +85 dB(µV) to +105 dB(µV)
Transmit power accuracy ±2 dB ±3 dB
Transmit power step size 2 dB 2 dB
note 2
Transmitter frequencies 48 MHz to 162 MHz, in 6 MHz bands: 5 MHz to 21 MHz, in 4 MHz bands:
(reference North American) 1) 48 MHz to 54 MHz 1) 5 MHz to 9 MHz
2) 54 MHz to 60 MHz (Channel 2) 2) 9 MHz to 13 MHz
3) 60 MHz to 66 MHz (Channel 3) 3) 13 MHz to 17 MHz
4) 66 MHz to 72 MHz (Channel 4) 4) 17 MHz to 21 MHz
5) 72 MHz to 78 MHz
6) 78 MHz to 84 MHz (~ Channel 5)
7) 84 MHz to 90 MHz (~ Channel 6)
8) 90 MHz to 96 MHz (A-5)
9) 96 MHz to 102 MHz (A-4)
10) 102 MHz to 108 MHz (A-3)
11) 108 MHz to 114 MHz (A-2)
12) 114 MHz to 120 MHz (A-1)
13) 120 MHz to 126 MHz (Channel 14)
14) 126 MHz to 132 MHz (Channel 15)
15) 132 MHz to 138 MHz (Channel 16)
16) 138 MHz to 144 MHz (Channel 17)
17) 144 MHz to 150 MHz (Channel 18)
18) 150 MHz to 156 MHz (Channel 19)
19) 156 MHz to 162 MHz (Channel 20)
Transmitter tuning range Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified
6 MHz frequency operating ranges 4 MHz frequency operating ranges
Transmitter frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Transmitter frequency
±10 kHz ±10 kHz
note 3
accuracy
Transmitter cut-off Not applicable 1 s
Transmitter spurious –65 dB over the forward spectrum path –55 dB over the full spectrum path band
emissions outside operating band
(referenced to the unmodulated forward
channel bandwidth during
(referenced to the unmodulated forward carrier)
note 4
ON state
carrier)
Transmitter conducted Not applicable Single port devices:
spurious emissions outside
25 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 1000 MHz
operating channel
Dual port devices, Transmit port:
bandwidth during OFF state
25 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 200 MHz
45 dB(µV), 200 MHz to 1000 MHz
Dual port devices, Receive port:
45 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 50 MHz
25 dB(µV), 50 MHz to 1000 MHz
Spectral shape <400 kHz @100 dB/Hz, <800 kHz @95dB/Hz, 5 MHz to 13 MHz
48 MHz to 162 MHz
<400 kHz @95dB/Hz, 13 MHz to 21 MHz
(referenced to the unmodulated forward (referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier) carrier)
Transmitter out-of-band C/N of better than –60 dB with a 4 MHz
noise suppression measurement bandwidth, across the
forward spectrum path band.
(referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier)
Transmit nominal
75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Transmit return loss 8 dB or better across forward spectrum 12 dB or better
path band
Maximum ramp-up time Not applicable 100 µs from 10 % to 90 % of peak power
Maximum ramp-down time Not applicable
100 µs from 90 % to 10 % of peak power
Transmitter front porch time Not applicable
600 µs to 1,2 ms
Receiver dynamic range 40 dB(µV) to +80 dB(µV) 40 dB(µV) to +80 dB(µV)

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Item HE Transponder
Receiver tuning range Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified 6 MHz
4 MHz return frequency operating forward frequency operating ranges
ranges
Receiver frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Receiver C/(N+I) 20 dB 20 dB
–6
(for BER better than 10 )
Receiver selectivity CW carrier @ band edge +10 dB higher
CW carrier at ±250 kHz from the receiver
than received in-band signal power
centre frequency +10 dB higher than
received in-band signal power
Receiver nominal 75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Receiver return loss 12 dB or better, see 5.7.21
12 dB, or better, across return
spectrum path band
Transmitter maximum slew
8 µs, see 5.7.22 15 µs, see 5.7.22
rate
Transmitter on/off ratio Not applicable 60 dB
note 5
Modulation technique
FSK, ∆f = 67 kHz ±10 kHz FSK, ∆f = 67 kHz ±10 kHz
note 6)
Modulation map
Mark = f + ∆f, space = f − ∆f Mark = f + ∆f, space = f − ∆f
c c c c
Bit rate 38,4 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s
-6 -6
Bit rate accuracy
± 100 × 10 ± 100 × 10
Transmitter power delta 1 dB 2 dB
between mark and space
Transmission duplexing Half
Transmission mode Continuous packet transmission. Rests Burst packet transmission. Off between
on ‘mark’ between packets packets
RF connector Female “F”, outdoor Female “F”, outdoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
or
Female “F”, indoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 406
° °
Operating temperature –40 C to +85 C
range
NOTE 1 In the NCTEA S-006, NTSC Video carrier level – 10 dB
NOTE 2 In the NCTEA S-006, HE (70,5 MHz) and transponder (46,0 MHz) is used
−6
NOTE 3 In the NCTEA S-006,±50 × 10 .
NOTE 4 In the NCTEA S-006,-60dBc over.
NOTE 5 In the NCTEA S-006,FSK(HE) and PSK (transponder) is used
NOTE 6 In the NCTEA S-006,mark(f − ∆f) and space (f + ∆f) is used.
c c
5.7.1 Transmit power level
The transmit power level specifies the minimum set of peak power levels supported by the
transmitter. It is expressed in dB(µV) and is measured across the full bandwidth of a single
channel.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the transmitted power of the
transponder, only the power seen at the NE’s output, which may be affected by coupling
losses internal to the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt from compliance in this
particular case, the NE vendor shall supply a clear specification of the equipment’s transmit
power levels at the NE’s output so that it can be properly engineered into the network.

– 14 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003
+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
5.7.2 Transmit power accuracy
Transmit power accuracy is the accuracy of the actual transmitted power relative to the
provisioned value for transmit power. Transmit power accuracy is valid over a temperature
range defined by the operating temperature range.
5.7.3 Transmit power step size
Transmit power step size specifies the minimum change in the provisioned output power level
that the transmitter must support. When changing the provisioned output power level by the
transmit power step size, the actual transmit power level shall nominally respond by the
transmit power step size for each step over the entire transmitter power level range.
5.7.4 Transmitter frequencies
The transmitter frequencies specify the minimum set of frequencies on which the centre
frequency of the transmitter may be placed. On the forward channel, the centre frequencies
are segmented into 6 MHz ranges. The return channel is segmented into 4 MHz ranges. At a
minimum, vendors must support one 6 MHz forward band and one 4 MHz return band.
Both the forward and return channels require the transmitter to be dynamically agile over the
specified set of frequencies. A dynamically agile system allows the user to select and set the
transmission frequency in real-time while the product is in use. The specific mechanism used
to implement agility is left to the vendor.
5.7.5 Transmitter frequency step size
This is the allowed carrier frequency increment for tuning purposes. This does not imply that
carriers may be placed one step apart.
5.7.6 Transmitter frequency accuracy
The accuracy of the actual transmitted centre frequency relative to the provisioned value for
that frequency. The output frequency accuracy is valid over a temperature range specified by
the operating temperature range specification, over the full frequency range of the transmitter
and over the full range of powers.
5.7.7 Transmitter conducted spurious
Transmitter conducted spurious refers to conducted emissions outside of the operating
channel bandwidth.
5.7.8 Spectral shape
Transmitted power outside of the channel width shall be attenuated according to the spectral
emission and spurious tone specifications. The channel width is the spectral width of the
channel.
5.7.9 Transmitter out-of-band noise suppression
This is a carrier-to-noise specification covering noise outside of the transmit channel and
refers to the total noise power as measured with a 4 MHz measurement bandwidth.
5.7.10 Transmit nominal impedance
The transmit nominal impedance is the impedance into which the transmitter is designed to
launch.
+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
5.7.11 Transmit return loss
The transmit return loss is the ratio of the transmitted signal power to the reflected signal
power at the transmitter. The transmit return loss shall meet or exceed the specification at all
frequencies in the measurement range.
Head-end Element (HE)
The transmit return loss shall apply over the forward spectrum path band.
Transponder
Dual port Return loss specification applies to the RF transmit port of dual port devices in
the frequency range defined by the return spectrum path band.
Single port Return loss specification applies to the common RF port of single port devices
in the frequency range defined by the full spectrum path band.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure transmitter return loss of the
transponder, only the return loss seen at the NE. However, the embedded transponder shall
not degrade the overall transmit return loss at the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt
from compliance in this particular case, the vendor shall still supply a clear specification of the
equipment’s transmit return loss so that it can be properly engineered into the network.
5.7.12 Maximum ramp-up time
The maximum ramp-up time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 10 % of
full output peak power to 90 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because of
the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.13 Maximum ramp-down time
The maximum ramp-down time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 90 %
of full output peak power to 10 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because
of the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.14 Transmitter front porch time
Front porch time specifies the time following ramp-up but before start of data transmission.
During the front porch time the transmitter rests on ‘mark’.
5.7.15 Receive power dynamic range
The receive power dynamic range is the range of received power over which the receiver is
guaranteed to meet bit error rate (BER) and carrier to noise-plus-interference (C/(N+I))
specifications. (see 5.7.18). It is expressed in dB(µV).
In the Type 3 case where an NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the receiver power range of
the transponder, only the power seen at the managed NE’s RF input port which may not equal
the power seen by the internal transponder because of coupling losses internal to the network
element. Even though the equipment is exempt from compliance in this particular case, the
vendor must still supply a clear specification of the equipment’s receive power range at the
network element’s input so that it can be properly engineered into the network.

– 16 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003
+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
5.7.16 Receive tuning range
The receiver frequencies specify the minimum set of frequencies on which the centre
frequency of the receiver can be placed. On the forward channel, the centre frequencies are
segmented into 6 MHz ranges. The return channel is segmented into 4 MHz ranges. At a
minimum, vendors shall support one 6 MHz forward band and one 4 MHz return band.
Both the forward and return channels require the receiver to be the receiver frequency in real-
time while the product is in use. The specific mechanism used to implement agility is left to
the vendor.
5.7.17 Receiver frequency step size
This is the allowed carrier frequency increment for tuning purposes. This does not imply that
carriers may be placed one step apart.
5.7.18 Receive C/(N+I)
The receive C/(N+I) is the minimum ratio of the received signal power to the received noise +
interference power at the receiver input, measured across the full channel frequency width,
required to achieve the specified BER. It is valid across the entire dynamic range of the
receiver and over the temperature range specified for the equipment. It is also valid
regardless of what other signals are present on the cable plant, as long as they meet the
selectivity specification described in 5.7.19. It is measured only in the presence of Gaussian
noise. Impulse noise is not included when measuring the receive C/(N+I).
5.7.19 Receiver selectivity
Selectivity measures the receiver’s ability to reject a nearby carrier. It is the ratio of the power
of an interfering continuous wave (CW) carrier to the received in-band power. The interfering
carrier is located at a specific frequency relative to the receiver’s centre frequency. The
receiver must meet the C/(N+I) specification given in 5.7.18 in the presence of any interfering
carrier, which meets the selectivity criteria.
5.7.20 Receive nominal impedance
The impedance for which the receiver is designed.
5.7.21 Receive return loss
The receive return loss is the ratio of the received signal power to the reflected signal power
at the receiver measured over the specified frequency range.
Head-end Element (HE)
The receive return loss applies over the return spectrum path band.
Transponder
The receive return loss applies as follows:
Dual port The return loss specification applies to the RF receive port of dual port devices
in the frequency range defined by the forward spectrum path band.
Single port The return loss specification applies to the common RF port of single port
devices in the frequency range defined by the full spectrum path band.

+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibr
...

IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2003-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)
layer specification
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 7-1: Surveillance de l'état des installations extérieures des réseaux
hybrides à fibre optique et câble coaxial – Spécification de la couche physique
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IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2003-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)

layer specification
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de

radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –

Partie 7-1: Surveillance de l'état des installations extérieures des réseaux

hybrides à fibre optique et câble coaxial – Spécification de la couche physique

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX R
ICS 35.100.10; 33.160; 33.040 ISBN 978-2-83220-238-8

– 2 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5

1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.10 Abbreviated terms . 8
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications . 9
4.1 HMS specification documents . 9
4.2 Functional assumptions . 10
5 Physical layer specification . 10
5.1 Separate forward and return channels . 10
5.2 Single forward and return path channels . 11
5.3 Byte-based transmission . 11
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order . 11
5.5 Packet-based transmission . 11
5.6 Duplex operation . 11
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications . 11
5.8 Media access control layer interface . 18
5.9 RF cut-off . 18

Bibliography . 19

Figure 1 – HMS Reference architecture diagram . 9
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order . 11

Table 1 – Transponder type classifications . 6
Table 2 – HMS document family . 9
Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area . 10
Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications . 12

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-7-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This bilingual version (2012-08) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2003-10.
This standard was submitted to the national committees for voting under the Fast Track
Procedure as the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/576/CDV 100/683/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

– 4 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The following differences exist in some countries:
The Japanese de facto standard (NCTEA S-006) concerning requirements for the HFC
outside plant management, which was published in 1995, has already been available in
Japan. The purpose of this standard is to support the design and implementation of
interoperable management systems for HFC cable networks used in Japan. (see Table 4)

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services including equipment, systems and installations for
• head-end reception, processing and distribution of television and sound signals and their
associated data signals, and
• processing, interfacing and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services
using all applicable transmission media.
All kinds of networks like
• CATV-networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks, are within
this scope.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas, special signal source inputs to
the head-end or other interface points to the network up to the system outlet or the terminal
input, where no system outlet exists.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial and optical cables and accessories therefore is
excluded.
– 6 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 specifies requirements for The Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) Outside Plant
(OSP) Physical (PHY) Layer Specification and is part of the series of specifications developed
by the Hybrid Management Sub-Layer (HMS) subcommittee under the SCTE. The purpose of
the HMS specification is to support the design and implementation of interoperable
management systems for evolving HFC cable networks. The HMS Physical (PHY) Layer
Specification describes the physical layer portion of the protocol stack used for
communication between HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to managed outside plant
network elements (NE) and a centralized head-end element (HE).
This standard describes the PHY layer requirements that must be implemented by all Type 2
and Type 3 compliant OSP HMS transponders on the HFC plant and the controlling equipment
in the head-end. Any exceptions to compliance with this standard will be specifically noted
herein as necessary. Refer to Table 1 for a full definition of the type classifications.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is not specified in this standard and is left to the vendor
to ensure compliance with local EMC regulatory requirements. Other than operating
temperature, physical parameters such as shock, vibration, humidity, etc., are also not
specified and left to the vendor’s discretion.
Transponder type classifications referenced within the HMS series of standards are defined in
Table 1.
Table 1 – Transponder type classifications
Type Description Application
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
through proprietary means.
Refers to legacy transponder
Type 0 equipment, which is incapable of
This transponder could be managed through the same
supporting the HMS specifications
management applications as the other types through proxies
or other means at the head-end
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
Refers to stand-alone transponder
through proprietary means.
equipment (legacy or new) which can
Type 1
Type 1 is a standards-compliant transponder (either
be upgraded to support the HMS
manufactured to the standard or upgraded) that connects to
specifications
legacy network equipment via a proprietary interface
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical and physical specifications defined in
the HMS standards.
Refers to a stand-alone, HMS-
Type 2
compliant transponder
It can be factory or field-installed.
Its RF connection is independent of the monitored NE
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical specifications defined in the HMS
standards.
Refers to a stand-alone or embedded,
It may or may not support the physical specifications defined
Type 3
HMS-compliant transponder
in the HMS standards.
It can be factory-installed. It may or may not be field-installed.
Its RF connection is through the monitored NE

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 7 –
2 Normative references
None.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
forward spectrum
the pass-band of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of between 48 MHz
and 87,5 MHz, depending on the particular geographical area, and an upper edge that is
typically in the range of 300 MHz to 860 MHz depending on implementation
3.2
full spectrum
combined forward and return spectrums in HFC cable systems and excludes any guard band
3.3
guard band
unused frequency band between the upper edge of the usable return spectrum and the lower
edge of the usable forward spectrum in HFC cable systems
3.4
network element (NE)
active element in the outside plant that is capable of receiving commands from a head-end
element (HE) in the head-end and, as necessary, providing status information and alarms
back to the HE
3.5
open system interconnection (OSI)
framework of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for commu-
nication between multi-vendor systems that organizes the communication process into seven
different categories that are placed in a layered sequence based on the relationship to the
user. Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides services to the layer above.
Layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communication between the message source and
destination, and layers 3 through 1 deal with network functions
3.6
physical (PHY) layer
layer 1 in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture; the layer that provides
services to transmit bits or groups of bits over a transmission link between open systems and
which entails electrical, mechanical and handshaking procedures
3.7
return spectrum
pass-band of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of 5 MHz and an upper
edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to 65 MHz depending on the particular
geographical area
3.8
transponder
device in the outside plant that interfaces to outside plant NEs and relays status and alarm
information to the HE. It can interface with an active NE via an arrangement of parallel
analogue, parallel digital and serial ports

– 8 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
3.9
un-modulated carrier
carrier resting on the ‘mark’ frequency rather than on the channel’s centre frequency
3.10 Abbreviated terms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Rate
C/R Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
C/(N+I) Carrier to Noise-plus-Interference Ratio
CW Continuous Wave
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
HE Head-end Element
HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax
HMS Hybrid Management Sub-Layer
LSB Least Significant Bit
MSB Most Significant Bit
NE Network Element
MAC Media Access Control
OSP Outside Plant
PHY Physical
RF Radio Frequency
SCTE Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 9 –
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications
The reference architecture for the HMS series of specifications is illustrated in Figure 1.
Fiber Node
RF
RF Optical
RF
Laser
RECEIVER
TRANSMITER Receiver
Splitter
RF Amplifier Chain
Headend
Status
Status
Monitoring
*
Monitoring
Diplexer
Device
Equipment
Optical RF
RF
RF
Laser
Receiver
Combiner
RECEIVER
TRANSMITER
B C A
* The diplexer filter may be included as part of the network element to which the
transponder interfaces, or it may be added separately by the network operator.
IEC  2293/03
Figure 1 – HMS reference architecture diagram
All quantities relating to forward channel transmission or reverse channel reception are
measured at point A in Figure 1. All quantities relating to forward channel reception or reverse
channel transmission are measured at point B for two-port devices and point C for single port
devices as shown in Figure 1.
4.1 HMS specification documents
A list of documents in the HMS specifications family is provided in Table 2.
Table 2 – HMS document family
HMS notation Title
SCTE HMS PHY HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Physical (PHY) Layer Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Media Access Control (MAC) Layer
SCTE HMS MAC
Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Power Supply to Transponder
SCTE HMS PSTIB
Interface Bus (PSTIB) Specification
SCTE HMS ALARMS MIB HMS Alarms Management Information Base
SCTE HMS COMMON MIB HMS Common Management Information Base
SCTE HMS FIBERNODE MIB HMS Fiber Node Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PROPERTY MIB HMS Alarm Property Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PS MIB HMS Power Supply Management Information Base
SCTE ROOT MIB SCTE Root Management Information Base
SCTE HMS GEN MIB HMS Power Supply Generator Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TIB MIB HMS Transponder Interface Bus Management Information Base
SCTE HMS DOWNLOAD MIB HMS Transponder Firmware Download Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TREE MIB HMS Root Object Identifiers Management Information Base

– 10 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
4.2 Functional assumptions
4.2.1 Forward and return spectrum
The forward spectrum in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band of frequencies with a
lower edge of between 48 MHz and 87,5 MHz, depending on the particular geographical area,
and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 300 MHz to 860 MHz depending on
implementation. Analogue television signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz channels are assumed to be
present on the forward spectrum as well as other narrowband and wideband digital signals.
The return spectrum in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band of frequencies with a lower
edge of 5 MHz and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to 65 MHz
depending on the particular geographical area. Narrowband and wideband digital signals may
be present on the return spectrum as well as analogue television signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz
channels.
The full spectrum in HFC cable systems refers to the combined forward and return spectrums
and excludes any guard band. The guard band refers to the unused frequency band between
the upper edge of the usable return spectrum and the lower edge of the usable forward
spectrum. Specific limits on forward and return spectrum for various geographical areas are
detailed in Table 3.
Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area
Return spectrum Forward spectrum
Geography
Minimum Guard band Guard band Maximum
frequency lower limit upper limit frequency
North America 5 MHz 42 MHz 48 MHz 1 GHz
Europe 1 5 MHz 30 MHz 47 MHz 862 MHz
Europe 2 5 MHz 50 MHz 70 MHz 862 MHz
Europe 3 5 MHz 65 MHz 87,5 MHz 862 MHz

4.2.2 Transmission levels
The nominal level of the forward spectrum HMS carrier(s) is targeted to be no higher than –
10 dB relative to analogue video nominal carrier levels. The nominal power level of the return
spectrum HMS carrier(s) will be as low as possible to achieve the required margin above
noise and interference. Uniform power loading per unit bandwidth is commonly followed in
setting signal levels on the return spectrum, with specific levels established by the cable
network operator to achieve the required carrier-to-noise and carrier-to-interference ratios.
5 Physical layer specification
This clause describes version 1.0 of the HMS PHY layer specification. The PHY layer
describes rules that govern the transmission of bytes from one device to another. The specific
requirements of the HMS PHY layer are detailed in this clause.
5.1 Separate forward and return channels
The one-way communication channel from the HE to a managed OSP NE is referred to as the
forward channel. The one-way communication channel from a managed OSP NE to the HE is
referred to as the return channel. Both the forward and the return channels are placed on
specific centre frequencies. The forward and return channels’ centre frequencies are different.
Since the NEs only listen to the forward channel, they cannot listen to return channel
transmissions from other NEs. This channel separation is a result of the sub-band split
between the forward and return portions of the typical HFC plant spectrum.

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 11 –
5.2 Single forward and return path channels
To keep management of carrier frequencies simple, each HMS-based status monitoring
system has a single forward channel and a single return channel. This does not preclude the
use of multiple monitoring systems, each with its own individual forward and return RF
channels.
5.3 Byte-based transmission
The physical layer provides byte-based communications in both directions, between a
managed NE and the head-end. It delivers bytes from one end of the channel to the other end
of the channel.
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order
Bytes on both forward and return channels are ten bits in length. They contain one start bit,
eight bits of data, and one stop bit. The start bit has binary value ‘0’, and the stop bit has
binary value ‘1’.
Throughout this standard, bits labelled ‘0’ are the least significant bits (LSBs). The LSB of a
single byte is always transmitted first following the start bit. Bits labelled ‘7’ are the most
significant bits (MSBs). The MSB of a single byte is always transmitted last followed by the
stop bit. The transmission order is summarized in Figure 2.

IEC  2294/03
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order
5.5 Packet-based transmission
Transmission in both forward and return channels is implemented using packets.
Transmission on the forward channel is continuous; there is no gap in RF output between
packets. Packets are separated by a continuous sequence of bits having value ‘1’, i.e. ‘mark’
tone. The channel is said to ‘rest on mark’ between packets.
Transmission on the return channel is accomplished with burst packets. Packets are
separated by periods of silence when the transmitter is turned off. Burst communication is
used in the return path of HFC systems because of its ability to solve the many-to-one
multiple access characteristic by allowing terminals to ‘take turns’ transmitting.
5.6 Duplex operation
The physical layer implementation in HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to OSP NEs
shall support half-duplex operation. There is no requirement for full-duplex operation.
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications
HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications for the forward and return communi-
cations channels are shown in Table 4. Descriptions of each parameter are provided following
that table. Any exceptions to compliance with the specifications in Table 4 will be specifically
noted in this document as necessary.

– 12 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications
Item HE Transponder
note 1
Transmit power level
+100 dB(μV) to +111 dB(μV) +85 dB(μV) to +105 dB(μV)
Transmit power accuracy
±2 dB ±3 dB
Transmit power step size 2 dB 2 dB
note 2
Transmitter frequencies 48 MHz to 162 MHz, in 6 MHz bands: 5 MHz to 21 MHz, in 4 MHz bands:
(reference North American) 1) 48 MHz to 54 MHz 1) 5 MHz to 9 MHz
2) 54 MHz to 60 MHz (Channel 2) 2) 9 MHz to 13 MHz
3) 60 MHz to 66 MHz (Channel 3) 3) 13 MHz to 17 MHz
4) 66 MHz to 72 MHz (Channel 4) 4) 17 MHz to 21 MHz
5) 72 MHz to 78 MHz
6) 78 MHz to 84 MHz (~ Channel 5)
7) 84 MHz to 90 MHz (~ Channel 6)
8) 90 MHz to 96 MHz (A-5)
9) 96 MHz to 102 MHz (A-4)
10) 102 MHz to 108 MHz (A-3)
11) 108 MHz to 114 MHz (A-2)
12) 114 MHz to 120 MHz (A-1)
13) 120 MHz to 126 MHz (Channel 14)
14) 126 MHz to 132 MHz (Channel 15)
15) 132 MHz to 138 MHz (Channel 16)
16) 138 MHz to 144 MHz (Channel 17)
17) 144 MHz to 150 MHz (Channel 18)
18) 150 MHz to 156 MHz (Channel 19)
19) 156 MHz to 162 MHz (Channel 20)
Transmitter tuning range
Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified
6 MHz frequency operating ranges 4 MHz frequency operating ranges
Transmitter frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Transmitter frequency
±10 kHz ±10 kHz
note 3
accuracy
Transmitter cut-off Not applicable 1 s
Transmitter spurious –65 dB over the forward spectrum –55 dB over the full spectrum
emissions outside operating
(referenced to the unmodulated forward (referenced to the unmodulated forward
channel bandwidth during
carrier) carrier)
note 4
ON state
Transmitter conducted Not applicable Single port devices:
spurious emissions outside
25 dB(μV), 5 MHz to 1000 MHz
operating channel
Dual port devices, Transmit port:
bandwidth during OFF state
25 dB(μV), 5 MHz to 200 MHz
45 dB(μV), 200 MHz to 1000 MHz
Dual port devices, Receive port:
45 dB(μV), 5 MHz to 50 MHz
25 dB(μV), 50 MHz to 1000 MHz
Spectral shape <800 kHz @95dB/Hz, 5 MHz to 13 MHz
<400 kHz @100 dB/Hz,
48 MHz to 162 MHz
<400 kHz @95dB/Hz, 13 MHz to 21 MHz
(referenced to the unmodulated forward (referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier) carrier)
Transmitter out-of-band C/N of better than –60 dB with a 4 MHz
noise suppression measurement bandwidth, across the
forward spectrum.
(referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier)
Transmit nominal
75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Transmit return loss 8 dB or better across forward spectrum 12 dB or better
Maximum ramp-up time Not applicable
100 μs from 10 % to 90 % of peak power
Maximum ramp-down time Not applicable
100 μs from 90 % to 10 % of peak power
Transmitter front porch time Not applicable 600 μs to 1,2 ms
Receiver dynamic range 40 dB(μV) to +80 dB(μV) 40 dB(μV) to +80 dB(μV)

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 13 –
Item HE Transponder
Receiver tuning range Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified 6 MHz
4 MHz return frequency operating forward frequency operating ranges
ranges
Receiver frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Receiver C/(N+I) 20 dB 20 dB
(for BER better than 10)
Receiver selectivity CW carrier @ band edge +10 dB higher
CW carrier at ±250 kHz from the receiver
than received in-band signal power
centre frequency +10 dB higher than
received in-band signal power
Receiver nominal
75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Receiver return loss 12 dB, or better, across return 12 dB or better, see 5.7.21
spectrum
Transmitter maximum slew
8 μs, see 5.7.22 15 μs, see 5.7.22
rate
Transmitter on/off ratio Not applicable 60 dB
note 5
Modulation technique FSK, Δf = 67 kHz ±10 kHz FSK, Δf = 67 kHz ±10 kHz
note 6)
Modulation map
Mark = f + Δf, space = f − Δf Mark = f + Δf, space = f − Δf
c c c c
Bit rate 38,4 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s
-6 -6
Bit rate accuracy
± 100 × 10 ± 100 × 10
Transmitter power delta 1 dB 2 dB
between mark and space
Transmission duplexing Half
Transmission mode Continuous packet transmission. Rests Burst packet transmission. Off between
on ‘mark’ between packets packets
RF connector Female “F”, outdoor Female “F”, outdoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
or
Female “F”, indoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 406
° °
Operating temperature
–40 C to +85 C
range
NOTE 1 In the NCTEA S-006, NTSC Video carrier level – 10 dB
NOTE 2 In the NCTEA S-006, HE (70,5 MHz) and transponder (46,0 MHz) is used
−6
NOTE 3 In the NCTEA S-006,±50 × 10 .
NOTE 4 In the NCTEA S-006,-60dBc over.
NOTE 5 In the NCTEA S-006,FSK(HE) and PSK (transponder) is used
NOTE 6 In the NCTEA S-006,mark(f − ∆f) and space (f + ∆f) is used.
c c
5.7.1 Transmit power level
The transmit power level specifies the minimum set of peak power levels supported by the
transmitter. It is expressed in dB(μV) and is measured across the full bandwidth of a single
channel.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the transmitted power of the
transponder, only the power seen at the NE’s output, which may be affected by coupling
losses internal to the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt from compliance in this
particular case, the NE vendor shall supply a clear specification of the equipment’s transmit
power levels at the NE’s output so that it can be properly engineered into the network.

– 14 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
5.7.2 Transmit power accuracy
Transmit power accuracy is the accuracy of the actual transmitted power relative to the
provisioned value for transmit power. Transmit power accuracy is valid over a temperature
range defined by the operating temperature range.
5.7.3 Transmit power step size
Transmit power step size specifies the minimum change in the provisioned output power level
that the transmitter must support. When changing the provisioned output power level by the
transmit power step size, the actual transmit power level shall nominally respond by the
transmit power step size for each step over the entire transmitter power level range.
5.7.4 Transmitter frequencies
The transmitter frequencies specify the minimum set of frequencies on which the centre
frequency of the transmitter may be placed. On the forward channel, the centre frequencies
are segmented into 6 MHz ranges. The return channel is segmented into 4 MHz ranges. At a
minimum, vendors must support one 6 MHz forward band and one 4 MHz return band.
Both the forward and return channels require the transmitter to be dynamically agile over the
specified set of frequencies. A dynamically agile system allows the user to select and set the
transmission frequency in real-time while the product is in use. The specific mechanism used
to implement agility is left to the vendor.
5.7.5 Transmitter frequency step size
This is the allowed carrier frequency increment for tuning purposes. This does not imply that
carriers may be placed one step apart.
5.7.6 Transmitter frequency accuracy
The accuracy of the actual transmitted centre frequency relative to the provisioned value for
that frequency. The output frequency accuracy is valid over a temperature range specified by
the operating temperature range specification, over the full frequency range of the transmitter
and over the full range of powers.
5.7.7 Transmitter conducted spurious
Transmitter conducted spurious refers to conducted emissions outside of the operating
channel bandwidth.
5.7.8 Spectral shape
Transmitted power outside of the channel width shall be attenuated according to the spectral
emission and spurious tone specifications. The channel width is the spectral width of the
channel.
5.7.9 Transmitter out-of-band noise suppression
This is a carrier-to-noise specification covering noise outside of the transmit channel and
refers to the total noise power as measured with a 4 MHz measurement bandwidth.
5.7.10 Transmit nominal impedance
The transmit nominal impedance is the impedance into which the transmitter is designed to
launch.
60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 15 –
5.7.11 Transmit return loss
The transmit return loss is the ratio of the transmitted signal power to the reflected signal
power at the transmitter. The transmit return loss shall meet or exceed the specification at all
frequencies in the measurement range.
Head-end Element (HE)
The transmit return loss shall apply over the forward spectrum.
Transponder
Dual port Return loss specification applies to the RF transmit port of dual port devices in
the frequency range defined by the return spectrum.
Single port Return loss specification applies to the common RF port of single port devices
in the frequency range defined by the full spectrum.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure transmitter return loss of the
transponder, only the return loss seen at the NE. However, the embedded transponder shall
not degrade the overall transmit return loss at the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt
from compliance in this particular case, the vendor shall still supply a clear specification of the
equipment’s transmit return loss so that it can be properly engineered into the network.
5.7.12 Maximum ramp-up time
The maximum ramp-up time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 10 % of
full output peak power to 90 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because of
the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.13 Maximum ramp-down time
The maximum ramp-down time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 90 %
of full output peak power to 10 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because
of the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.14 Transmitter front porch time
Front porch time specifies the time following ramp-up but before start of data transmission.
During the front porch time the transmitter rests on ‘mark’.
5.7.15 Receive power dynamic range
The receive power dynamic range is the range of received power over which the receiver is
guaranteed to meet bit error rate (BER) and carrier to noise-plus-interference (C/(N+I))
specifications. (see 5.7.18). It is expressed in dB(μV).
In the Type 3 case where an NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the receiver power range of
the transponder, only the power seen at the managed NE’s RF input port which may not equal
the power seen by the internal transponder because of coupling losses internal to the network
element. Even though the equipment is exempt from compliance in this particular case, the
vendor must still supply a clear specification of the equipment’s receive power range at the
network element’s input so that it can be properly engineered into the network.

– 16 – 60728-7-1  IEC:2003
5.7.16 Receive tuning range
The receiver frequencies specify the minimum set of frequencies on which the centre
frequency of the receiver can be placed. On the forward channel, the centre frequencies are
segmented into 6 MHz ranges. The return channel is segmented into 4 MHz ranges. At a
minimum, vendors shall support one 6 MHz forward band and one 4 MHz return band.
Both the forward and return channels require the receiver to be the receiver frequency in real-
time while the product is in use. The specific mechanism used to implement agility is left to
the vendor.
5.7.17 Receiver frequency step size
This is the allowed carrier frequency increment for tuning purposes. This does not imply that
carriers may be placed one step apart.
5.7.18 Receive C/(N+I)
The receive C/(N+I) is the minimum ratio of the received signal power to the received noise +
interference power at the receiver input, measured across the full channel frequency width,
required to achieve the specified BER. It is valid across the entire dynamic range of the
receiver and over the temperature range specified for the equipment. It is also valid
regardless of what other signals are present on the cable plant, as long as they meet the
selectivity specification described in 5.7.19. It is measured only in the presence of Gaussian
noise. Impulse noise is not included when measuring the receive C/(N+I).
5.7.19 Receiver selectivity
Selectivity measures the receiver’s ability to reject a nearby carrier. It is the ratio of the power
of an interfering continuous wave (CW) carrier to the received in-band power. The interfering
carrier is located at a specific frequency relative to the receiver’s centre frequency. The
receiver must meet the C/(N+I) specification given in 5.7.18 in the presence of any interfering
carrier, which meets the selectivity criteria.
5.7.20 Receive nominal impedance
The impedance for which the receiver is designed.
5.7.21 Receive return loss
The receive return loss is the ratio of the received signal power to the reflected signal power
at the receiver measured over the specified frequency range.
Head-end Element (HE)
The receive return loss applies over the return spectrum.
Transponder
The receive return loss applies as follows:
Dual port The return loss specification applies to the RF receive port of dual port devices
in the frequency range defined by the forward spectrum.
Single port The return loss specification applies to the common RF port of single port
devices in the frequency range defined by the full spectrum.

60728-7-1  IEC:2003 – 17 –
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the receiver return loss of the
transponder, only the return loss seen at the NE. However, the embedded transponder shall
not degrade the overall receive return loss at the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt
from compliance in this particular case, the vendor shall still supply a clear specification of the
equipment’s receive return loss so that it can be properly engineered into the network.
The network engineer may
...

IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)
layer specification
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 7-1: Surveillance de l'état des installations extérieures des réseaux
hybrides à fibre optique et câble coaxial – Spécification de la couche
physique (PHY)
IEC 60728-7-1:2013-10+AMD1:2015-04 CSV(en-fr)

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IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)

layer specification
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de

radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –

Partie 7-1: Surveillance de l'état des installations extérieures des réseaux

hybrides à fibre optique et câble coaxial – Spécification de la couche

physique (PHY)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.040.40; 33.160.01; 35.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-7593-1

IEC 60728-7-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring – Physical (PHY)
layer specification
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 7-1: Surveillance de l'état des installations extérieures des réseaux
hybrides à fibre optique et câble coaxial – Spécification de la couche
physique (PHY)
IEC 60728-7-1:2013-10+AMD1:2015-04 CSV(en-fr)

– 2 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003+AMD1:2015 CSV
 IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.10 Abbreviated terms . 8
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications . 8
4.1 HMS specification documents . 9
4.2 Functional assumptions . 9
5 Physical layer specification . 10
5.1 Separate forward and return channels . 10
5.2 Single forward and return path channels . 10
5.3 Byte-based transmission . 11
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order . 11
5.5 Packet-based transmission . 11
5.6 Duplex operation . 11
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications . 11
5.8 Media access control layer interface . 18
5.9 RF cut-off . 18
Bibliography . 19

Figure 1 – HMS reference architecture diagram . 9
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order . 11

Table 1 – Transponder type classifications . 6
Table 2 – HMS document family . 9
Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area (North America and Europe) . 10
Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications . 12

 IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification
FOREWORD
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This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60728-7-1 edition 1.1 contains the first edition (2003-10) [documents 100/576/CDV and
100/683/RVC] and its amendment 1 (2015-04) [documents 100/2417/FDIS and 100/2481/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. A
separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.

– 4 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003+AMD1:2015 CSV
 IEC 2015
International Standard IEC 60728-7-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The following differences exist in some countries:
The Japanese de facto standard (NCTEA S-006) concerning requirements for the HFC
outside plant management, which was published in 1995, has already been available in
Japan. The purpose of this standard is to support the design and implementation of
interoperable management systems for HFC cable networks used in Japan. (see Table 4)
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
 IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services including equipment, systems and installations for
• head-end reception, processing and distribution of television and sound signals and their
associated data signals, and
• processing, interfacing and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services
using all applicable transmission media.
All kinds of networks like
• CATV-networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks, are within
this scope.
Standards and other deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including
equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and
distribution of television and sound signals and for processing, interfacing and transmitting all
kinds of data signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media. These
signals are typically transmitted in networks by frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes for instance
• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas, and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the system outlet or the
terminal input, where no system outlet exists of the customer premises equipment.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial and optical cables and accessories therefore thereof
is excluded.
– 6 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003+AMD1:2015 CSV
 IEC 2015
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 7-1: Hybrid Fibre Coax Outside Plant status monitoring –
Physical (PHY) layer specification

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 specifies requirements for The Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) Outside Plant
(OSP) Physical (PHY) Layer Specification and is part of the series of specifications developed
by the Hybrid Management Sub-Layer (HMS) subcommittee under the SCTE. The purpose of
the HMS specification is to support the design and implementation of interoperable
management systems for evolving HFC cable networks. The HMS Physical (PHY) Layer
Specification describes the physical layer portion of the protocol stack used for
communication between HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to managed outside plant
network elements (NE) and a centralized head-end element (HE).
This standard describes the PHY layer requirements that must be implemented by all Type 2
and Type 3 compliant OSP HMS transponders on the HFC plant and the controlling equipment
in the head-end. Any exceptions to compliance with this standard will be specifically noted
herein as necessary. Refer to Table 1 for a full definition of the type classifications.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is not specified in this standard and is left to the vendor
to ensure compliance with local EMC regulatory requirements. Other than operating
temperature, physical parameters such as shock, vibration, humidity, etc., are also not
specified and left to the vendor’s discretion.
Transponder type classifications referenced within the HMS series of standards are defined in
Table 1.
Table 1 – Transponder type classifications
Type Description Application
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
through proprietary means.
Refers to legacy transponder
Type 0 equipment, which is incapable of
This transponder could be managed through the same
supporting the HMS specifications
management applications as the other types through proxies
or other means at the head-end
This transponder interfaces with legacy network equipment
Refers to stand-alone transponder
through proprietary means.
equipment (legacy or new) which can
Type 1
Type 1 is a standards-compliant transponder (either
be upgraded to support the HMS
manufactured to the standard or upgraded) that connects to
specifications
legacy network equipment via a proprietary interface
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical and physical specifications defined in
the HMS standards.
Refers to a stand-alone, HMS-
Type 2
compliant transponder
It can be factory or field-installed.
Its RF connection is independent of the monitored NE
This transponder interfaces with network equipment designed
to support the electrical specifications defined in the HMS
standards.
Refers to a stand-alone or embedded,
It may or may not support the physical specifications defined
Type 3
HMS-compliant transponder
in the HMS standards.
It can be factory-installed. It may or may not be field-installed.
Its RF connection is through the monitored NE

 IEC 2015
2 Normative references
None.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
forward spectrum path band
the pass-band continuous set of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of
between 48 MHz and 87,5 MHz, depending on the particular geographical area, and an upper
edge that is typically in the range of 300 MHz to 860 1 000 MHz depending on implementation
Note 1 to entry: Due to different channel spacing plans in use, this upper frequency limit may not be exactly
1 000 MHz, but some megahertz higher, e.g. 1 002 MHz or 1 006 MHz. The notation 1 000 MHz in this standard is
intended to include such small deviations.
3.2
full spectrum path band
combined combination of forward and return spectrums path band and return path band in
HFC cable systems and excludes excluding any guard band
3.3
guard band
unused frequency band between the upper edge of the usable return spectrum path band and
the lower edge of the usable forward spectrum path band in HFC cable systems
3.4
network element (NE)
active element in the outside plant that is capable of receiving commands from a head-end
element (HE) in the head-end and, as necessary, providing status information and alarms
back to the HE
3.5
open system interconnection (OSI)
framework of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for commu-
nication between multi-vendor systems that organizes the communication process into seven
different categories that are placed in a layered sequence based on the relationship to the
user. Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides services to the layer above.
Layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communication between the message source and
destination, and layers 3 through 1 deal with network functions
3.6
physical (PHY) layer
layer 1 in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture; the layer that provides
services to transmit bits or groups of bits over a transmission link between open systems and
which entails electrical, mechanical and handshaking procedures
3.7
return spectrum path band
pass-band continuous set of frequencies in HFC cable systems with a lower edge of 5 MHz
and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to 65 MHz depending on the
particular geographical area
– 8 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003+AMD1:2015 CSV
 IEC 2015
3.8
transponder
device in the outside plant that interfaces to outside plant NEs and relays status and alarm
information to the HE. It can interface with an active NE via an arrangement of parallel
analogue, parallel digital and serial ports
3.9
un-modulated carrier
carrier resting on the ‘mark’ frequency rather than on the channel’s centre frequency
3.10 Abbreviated terms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Rate
C/R Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
C/(N+I) Carrier to Noise-plus-Interference Ratio
CW Continuous Wave
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
HE Head-end Element
HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax
HMS Hybrid Management Sub-Layer
LSB Least Significant Bit
MSB Most Significant Bit
NE Network Element
MAC Media Access Control
OSP Outside Plant
PHY Physical
RF Radio Frequency
SCTE Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers
4 HMS reference architecture forward and return channel specifications
The reference architecture for the HMS series of specifications is illustrated in Figure 1.

 IEC 2015
Fiber Node
RF
RF Optical
RF
Laser
RECEIVER
TRANSMITER Receiver
Splitter
RF Amplifier Chain
Headend
Status
Status
Monitoring
*
Monitoring
Diplexer
Device
Equipment
Optical RF
RF
RF
Laser
Receiver Combiner
RECEIVER TRANSMITER
B C A
* The diplexer filter may be included as part of the network element to which the
transponder interfaces, or it may be added separately by the network operator.
IEC  2293/03
Figure 1 – HMS reference architecture diagram
All quantities relating to forward channel transmission or reverse channel reception are
measured at point A in Figure 1. All quantities relating to forward channel reception or reverse
channel transmission are measured at point B for two-port devices and point C for single port
devices as shown in Figure 1.
4.1 HMS specification documents
A list of documents in the HMS specifications family is provided in Table 2.
Table 2 – HMS document family
HMS notation Title
SCTE HMS PHY HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Physical (PHY) Layer Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Media Access Control (MAC) Layer
SCTE HMS MAC
Specification
HMS Outside Plant Status Monitoring – Power Supply to Transponder
SCTE HMS PSTIB
Interface Bus (PSTIB) Specification
SCTE HMS ALARMS MIB HMS Alarms Management Information Base
SCTE HMS COMMON MIB HMS Common Management Information Base
SCTE HMS FIBERNODE MIB HMS Fiber Node Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PROPERTY MIB HMS Alarm Property Management Information Base
SCTE HMS PS MIB HMS Power Supply Management Information Base
SCTE ROOT MIB SCTE Root Management Information Base
SCTE HMS GEN MIB HMS Power Supply Generator Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TIB MIB HMS Transponder Interface Bus Management Information Base
SCTE HMS DOWNLOAD MIB HMS Transponder Firmware Download Management Information Base
SCTE HMS TREE MIB HMS Root Object Identifiers Management Information Base
4.2 Functional assumptions
4.2.1 Forward path band and return spectrum path band
The forward spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band continuous set
of frequencies with a lower edge of between 48 MHz and 87,5 MHz, depending on the
particular geographical area, and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 300 MHz to
860 1 000 MHz depending on implementation. Analogue television signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz
channels are assumed to be present on the forward spectrum path band as well as other
narrowband and wideband digital signals.

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 IEC 2015
The return spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the pass band of frequencies
with a lower edge of 5 MHz and an upper edge that is typically in the range of 42 MHz to
65 MHz depending on the particular geographical area. Narrowband and wideband digital
signals may be present on the return spectrum path band as well as analogue television
signals in 6 MHz or 8 MHz channels.
The full spectrum path band in HFC cable systems refers to the combined forward and return
spectrums path bands and excludes any guard band. The guard band refers to the unused
frequency band between the upper edge of the usable return spectrum path band and the
lower edge of the usable forward spectrum path band. Specific limits on forward and return
spectrum path band for various geographical areas are detailed in Table 3.
Table 3 – Spectral limits by geographical area (North America and Europe)
Return spectrum path band Forward spectrum path band
Geography
Minimum Guard band Guard band Maximum
frequency lower limit upper limit frequency
North America 5 MHz 42 MHz 48 MHz 1 000 GHz
Europe 1 5 MHz 30 MHz 47 MHz 862 MHz
Europe 2 5 MHz 50 MHz 70 MHz 862 1 000 MHz
Europe 3 5 MHz 65 MHz 87,5 MHz 862 1 000 MHz

4.2.2 Transmission levels
The nominal level of the forward spectrum path band HMS carrier(s) is targeted to be no
higher than –10 dB relative to analogue video nominal carrier levels. The nominal power level
of the return spectrum path band HMS carrier(s) will be as low as possible to achieve the
required margin above noise and interference. Uniform power loading per unit bandwidth is
commonly followed in setting signal levels on the return spectrum path band, with specific
levels established by the cable network operator to achieve the required carrier-to-noise and
carrier-to-interference ratios.
5 Physical layer specification
This clause describes version 1.0 of the HMS PHY layer specification. The PHY layer
describes rules that govern the transmission of bytes from one device to another. The specific
requirements of the HMS PHY layer are detailed in this clause.
5.1 Separate forward and return channels
The one-way communication channel from the HE to a managed OSP NE is referred to as the
forward channel. The one-way communication channel from a managed OSP NE to the HE is
referred to as the return channel. Both the forward and the return channels are placed on
specific centre frequencies. The forward and return channels’ centre frequencies are different.
Since the NEs only listen to the forward channel, they cannot listen to return channel
transmissions from other NEs. This channel separation is a result of the sub-band split
between the forward and return portions of the typical HFC plant spectrum.
5.2 Single forward and return path channels
To keep management of carrier frequencies simple, each HMS-based status monitoring
system has a single forward channel and a single return channel. This does not preclude the
use of multiple monitoring systems, each with its own individual forward and return RF
channels.
 IEC 2015
5.3 Byte-based transmission
The physical layer provides byte-based communications in both directions, between a
managed NE and the head-end. It delivers bytes from one end of the channel to the other end
of the channel.
5.4 Byte formats and transmission order
Bytes on both forward and return channels are ten bits in length. They contain one start bit,
eight bits of data, and one stop bit. The start bit has binary value ‘0’, and the stop bit has
binary value ‘1’.
Throughout this standard, bits labelled ‘0’ are the least significant bits (LSBs). The LSB of a
single byte is always transmitted first following the start bit. Bits labelled ‘7’ are the most
significant bits (MSBs). The MSB of a single byte is always transmitted last followed by the
stop bit. The transmission order is summarized in Figure 2.

IEC  2294/03
Figure 2 – Bit transmission order
5.5 Packet-based transmission
Transmission in both forward and return channels is implemented using packets.
Transmission on the forward channel is continuous; there is no gap in RF output between
packets. Packets are separated by a continuous sequence of bits having value ‘1’, i.e. ‘mark’
tone. The channel is said to ‘rest on mark’ between packets.
Transmission on the return channel is accomplished with burst packets. Packets are
separated by periods of silence when the transmitter is turned off. Burst communication is
used in the return path of HFC systems because of its ability to solve the many-to-one
multiple access characteristic by allowing terminals to ‘take turns’ transmitting.
5.6 Duplex operation
The physical layer implementation in HMS-compliant transponders interfacing to OSP NEs
shall support half-duplex operation. There is no requirement for full-duplex operation.
5.7 Forward and return channel specifications
HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications for the forward and return communi-
cations channels are shown in Table 4. Descriptions of each parameter are provided following
that table. Any exceptions to compliance with the specifications in Table 4 will be specifically
noted in this document as necessary.

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 IEC 2015
Table 4 – HMS PHY channel RF and modulation specifications
Item HE Transponder
note 1
Transmit power level +100 dB(µV) to +111 dB(µV) +85 dB(µV) to +105 dB(µV)
Transmit power accuracy
±2 dB ±3 dB
Transmit power step size 2 dB 2 dB
note 2
Transmitter frequencies 48 MHz to 162 MHz, in 6 MHz bands: 5 MHz to 21 MHz, in 4 MHz bands:
(reference North American) 1) 48 MHz to 54 MHz 1) 5 MHz to 9 MHz
2) 54 MHz to 60 MHz (Channel 2) 2) 9 MHz to 13 MHz
3) 60 MHz to 66 MHz (Channel 3) 3) 13 MHz to 17 MHz
4) 66 MHz to 72 MHz (Channel 4) 4) 17 MHz to 21 MHz
5) 72 MHz to 78 MHz
6) 78 MHz to 84 MHz (~ Channel 5)
7) 84 MHz to 90 MHz (~ Channel 6)
8) 90 MHz to 96 MHz (A-5)
9) 96 MHz to 102 MHz (A-4)
10) 102 MHz to 108 MHz (A-3)
11) 108 MHz to 114 MHz (A-2)
12) 114 MHz to 120 MHz (A-1)
13) 120 MHz to 126 MHz (Channel 14)
14) 126 MHz to 132 MHz (Channel 15)
15) 132 MHz to 138 MHz (Channel 16)
16) 138 MHz to 144 MHz (Channel 17)
17) 144 MHz to 150 MHz (Channel 18)
18) 150 MHz to 156 MHz (Channel 19)
19) 156 MHz to 162 MHz (Channel 20)
Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified
Transmitter tuning range
6 MHz frequency operating ranges 4 MHz frequency operating ranges
Transmitter frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Transmitter frequency
±10 kHz ±10 kHz
note 3
accuracy
Transmitter cut-off Not applicable 1 s
Transmitter spurious –65 dB over the forward spectrum path –55 dB over the full spectrum path band
emissions outside operating band
(referenced to the unmodulated forward
channel bandwidth during
(referenced to the unmodulated forward carrier)
note 4
ON state
carrier)
Transmitter conducted Not applicable Single port devices:
spurious emissions outside
25 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 1000 MHz
operating channel
Dual port devices, Transmit port:
bandwidth during OFF state
25 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 200 MHz
45 dB(µV), 200 MHz to 1000 MHz
Dual port devices, Receive port:
45 dB(µV), 5 MHz to 50 MHz
25 dB(µV), 50 MHz to 1000 MHz
Spectral shape <400 kHz @100 dB/Hz, <800 kHz @95dB/Hz, 5 MHz to 13 MHz
48 MHz to 162 MHz
<400 kHz @95dB/Hz, 13 MHz to 21 MHz
(referenced to the unmodulated forward (referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier) carrier)
Transmitter out-of-band C/N of better than –60 dB with a 4 MHz
noise suppression measurement bandwidth, across the
forward spectrum path band.
(referenced to the unmodulated forward
carrier)
Transmit nominal
75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Transmit return loss 8 dB or better across forward spectrum 12 dB or better
path band
Maximum ramp-up time Not applicable
100 µs from 10 % to 90 % of peak power
Maximum ramp-down time Not applicable
100 µs from 90 % to 10 % of peak power
Transmitter front porch time Not applicable 600 µs to 1,2 ms
Receiver dynamic range 40 dB(µV) to +80 dB(µV) 40 dB(µV) to +80 dB(µV)

 IEC 2015
Item HE Transponder
Receiver tuning range Fully agile within each of the specified Fully agile within each of the specified 6 MHz
4 MHz return frequency operating forward frequency operating ranges
ranges
Receiver frequency step 100 kHz 100 kHz
size
Receiver C/(N+I) 20 dB 20 dB
–6
(for BER better than 10 )
Receiver selectivity CW carrier @ band edge +10 dB higher
CW carrier at ±250 kHz from the receiver
than received in-band signal power
centre frequency +10 dB higher than
received in-band signal power
Receiver nominal 75 Ω 75 Ω
impedance
Receiver return loss 12 dB, or better, across return 12 dB or better, see 5.7.21
spectrum path band
Transmitter maximum slew 8 µs, see 5.7.22 15 µs, see 5.7.22
rate
Transmitter on/off ratio Not applicable 60 dB
note 5
Modulation technique
FSK, ∆f = 67 kHz ±10 kHz FSK, ∆f = 67 kHz ±10 kHz
note 6)
Modulation map Mark = f + ∆f, space = f − ∆f Mark = f + ∆f, space = f − ∆f
c c c c
Bit rate 38,4 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s
-6 -6
Bit rate accuracy ± 100 × 10 ± 100 × 10
Transmitter power delta 1 dB 2 dB
between mark and space
Transmission duplexing Half
Transmission mode Continuous packet transmission. Rests Burst packet transmission. Off between
on ‘mark’ between packets packets
RF connector Female “F”, outdoor Female “F”, outdoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 400
or
Female “F”, indoor
Reference ANSI/SCTE IPS SP 406
° °
Operating temperature –40 C to +85 C
range
NOTE 1 In the NCTEA S-006, NTSC Video carrier level – 10 dB
NOTE 2 In the NCTEA S-006, HE (70,5 MHz) and transponder (46,0 MHz) is used
−6
NOTE 3 In the NCTEA S-006,±50 × 10 .
NOTE 4 In the NCTEA S-006,-60dBc over.
NOTE 5 In the NCTEA S-006,FSK(HE) and PSK (transponder) is used
NOTE 6 In the NCTEA S-006,mark(f − ∆f) and space (f + ∆f) is used.
c c
5.7.1 Transmit power level
The transmit power level specifies the minimum set of peak power levels supported by the
transmitter. It is expressed in dB(µV) and is measured across the full bandwidth of a single
channel.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the transmitted power of the
transponder, only the power seen at the NE’s output, which may be affected by coupling
losses internal to the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt from compliance in this
particular case, the NE vendor shall supply a clear specification of the equipment’s transmit
power levels at the NE’s output so that it can be properly engineered into the network.

– 14 – IEC 60728-7-1:2003+AMD1:2015 CSV
 IEC 2015
5.7.2 Transmit power accuracy
Transmit power accuracy is the accuracy of the actual transmitted power relative to the
provisioned value for transmit power. Transmit power accuracy is valid over a temperature
range defined by the operating temperature range.
5.7.3 Transmit power step size
Transmit power step size specifies the minimum change in the provisioned output power level
that the transmitter must support. When changing the provisioned output power level by the
transmit power step size, the actual transmit power level shall nominally respond by the
transmit power step size for each step over the entire transmitter power level range.
5.7.4 Transmitter frequencies
The transmitter frequencies specify the minimum set of frequencies on which the centre
frequency of the transmitter may be placed. On the forward channel, the centre frequencies
are segmented into 6 MHz ranges. The return channel is segmented into 4 MHz ranges. At a
minimum, vendors must support one 6 MHz forward band and one 4 MHz return band.
Both the forward and return channels require the transmitter to be dynamically agile over the
specified set of frequencies. A dynamically agile system allows the user to select and set the
transmission frequency in real-time while the product is in use. The specific mechanism used
to implement agility is left to the vendor.
5.7.5 Transmitter frequency step size
This is the allowed carrier frequency increment for tuning purposes. This does not imply that
carriers may be placed one step apart.
5.7.6 Transmitter frequency accuracy
The accuracy of the actual transmitted centre frequency relative to the provisioned value for
that frequency. The output frequency accuracy is valid over a temperature range specified by
the operating temperature range specification, over the full frequency range of the transmitter
and over the full range of powers.
5.7.7 Transmitter conducted spurious
Transmitter conducted spurious refers to conducted emissions outside of the operating
channel bandwidth.
5.7.8 Spectral shape
Transmitted power outside of the channel width shall be attenuated according to the spectral
emission and spurious tone specifications. The channel width is the spectral width of the
channel.
5.7.9 Transmitter out-of-band noise suppression
This is a carrier-to-noise specification covering noise outside of the transmit channel and
refers to the total noise power as measured with a 4 MHz measurement bandwidth.
5.7.10 Transmit nominal impedance
The transmit nominal impedance is the impedance into which the transmitter is designed to
launch.
 IEC 2015
5.7.11 Transmit return loss
The transmit return loss is the ratio of the transmitted signal power to the reflected signal
power at the transmitter. The transmit return loss shall meet or exceed the specification at all
frequencies in the measurement range.
Head-end Element (HE)
The transmit return loss shall apply over the forward spectrum path band.
Transponder
Dual port Return loss specification applies to the RF transmit port of dual port devices in
the frequency range defined by the return spectrum path band.
Single port Return loss specification applies to the common RF port of single port devices
in the frequency range defined by the full spectrum path band.
In the Type 3 case where a NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure transmitter return loss of the
transponder, only the return loss seen at the NE. However, the embedded transponder shall
not degrade the overall transmit return loss at the NE. Even though the equipment is exempt
from compliance in this particular case, the vendor shall still supply a clear specification of the
equipment’s transmit return loss so that it can be properly engineered into the network.
5.7.12 Maximum ramp-up time
The maximum ramp-up time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 10 % of
full output peak power to 90 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because of
the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.13 Maximum ramp-down time
The maximum ramp-down time is the maximum time the transmitter can take to go from 90 %
of full output peak power to 10 % of full output peak power. This quantity is important because
of the burst transmission nature of the channels involved.
5.7.14 Transmitter front porch time
Front porch time specifies the time following ramp-up but before start of data transmission.
During the front porch time the transmitter rests on ‘mark’.
5.7.15 Receive power dynamic range
The receive power dynamic range is the range of received power over which the receiver is
guaranteed to meet bit error rate (BER) and carrier to noise-plus-interference (C/(N+I))
specifications. (see 5.7.18). It is expressed in dB(µV).
In the Type 3 case where an NE such as a fibre node, amplifier or power supply, has built-in
transponder functionality, the equipment is exempted from complying with this particular
parameter. In such a case, there is no practical way to measure the receiver power range of
the transponder, only the power seen at the managed NE’s RF input port which may not equal
the power seen by the internal transponder because of coupling losses inter
...