IEC TR 62837:2013

IEC/TR 62837 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Energy efficiency through automation systems

IEC/TR 62837:2013(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.

IEC/TR 62837 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-09
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Energy efficiency through automation systems

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XB
ICS 25.040; 27.010 ISBN 978-2-8322-1115-1

– 2 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
3.1 Energy . 9
3.2 Energy use and energy consumption. 10
3.3 Energy efficiency . 11
3.4 Energy performance . 13
3.5 Energy management . 13
3.6 Automation process equipment . 13
3.7 Automation system. 14
4 Abbreviations and alphabetical index . 15
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 15
4.2 Alphabetical index of terms . 16
5 Generic models . 18
5.1 Functional hierarchy of production systems . 18
5.2 Functions in level 4 . 19
5.3 Functions in level 3 or lower. 19
5.4 Application function and automation function . 20
6 Generic tools and methods . 22
6.1 Organisational issues . 22
6.2 Energy managed unit (EMU) . 22
6.3 General recommendations . 23
6.3.1 Architecture of energy sourcing . 23
6.3.2 Managed energy efficiency . 24
6.3.3 Low power states . 25
6.3.4 Standardised component interface . 25
6.3.5 Control systems . 25
6.3.6 Classification and energy labels for components and systems . 26
6.3.7 Simulation of systems and components . 26
6.4 Key performance indicators (KPIs) for energy efficiency. 27
6.4.1 Basics for defining KPIs for energy efficiency . 27
6.4.2 Recommendations for defining KPIs for energy efficiency . 30
6.4.3 Guidelines for defining KPIs . 31
7 Applications . 38
7.1 The application point of view . 38
7.1.1 Energy consumption in industry . 38
7.1.2 Characteristics of production processes . 40
7.2 Discrete manufacturing . 40
7.2.1 Description . 40
7.2.2 Recommendations for discrete manufacturing . 42
7.3 Process industry . 43
7.3.1 Description . 43
7.3.2 General recommendations for the process industry. 44
7.3.3 Existing standards . 45

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 3 –
7.3.4 Gaps . 45
7.3.5 Specific recommendations . 45
7.4 Support functions . 46
7.4.1 General . 46
7.4.2 Building automation and facility management . 46
8 Components . 46
8.1 The component specific view . 46
8.2 Actuators . 47
8.2.1 Electrical drives: regulate or self-learn optimal energy
efficiency . 47
8.2.2 Electrical drives: standardised intermediate current link . 47
Annex A (informative) System boundary . 48
Annex B (informative) Current approaches for KPIs for energy efficiency . 51
B.1 Existing KPIs . 51
B.2 KPIs for components . 51
B.3 KPIs for products . 51
B.4 KPIs for systems . 52
B.5 Target values of KPI by industry sectors in Japan . 52
B.6 How to measure the energy consumed to produce a product . 54
Annex C (informative) Energy baseline model . 56
C.1 Guidelines for the creation and usage of an energy baseline model . 56
C.2 Examples of a facility energy baseline model . 57
C.2.1 General . 57
C.2.2 Cooling water pump with parallel pumping control . 57
C.2.3 Cooling water pumps with variable frequency AC drive . 58
Annex D (informative) Energy labels . 60
D.1 Examples of energy labels . 60
D.2 Energy label for electrical motors . 60
Annex E (informative) “RENKEI” control . 61
E.1 Background of “RENKEI” control . 61
E.2 “RENKEI” control . 61
Annex F (informative) Measurement and control technologies that support energy
efficiency improvement . 64
F.1 Technologies to improve energy efficiency . 64
F.2 Detection of air leakage . 64
F.3 Control valves . 65
F.4 Control loop performance improvements . 66
F.5 Combustion control . 67
F.6 Advanced process control (APC) . 68
F.7 Air supply pressure control. 70
F.8 Steam header pressure control . 70
F.9 Optimal operational planning system . 71
F.10 Analytical sensors . 72
Bibliography . 74

Figure 1 − Functional hierarchy of production systems according to IEC 62264 . 18
Figure 2 − Energy functions mapped over the functional hierarchy levels (IEC 62264) . 19
Figure 3 − Structural overview of automated industrial plants . 21

– 4 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
Figure 4 − Plant application with automation assets . 22
Figure 5 − Energy managed unit (EMU) . 23
Figure 6 − Start up phase of a system and its power consumption . 27
Figure 7 − Creation of an energy baseline model . 28
Figure 8 − Measurement of energy savings . 28
Figure 9 − KPI and its driving factor . 30
Figure 10 − Characteristics of the energy baseline model . 33
Figure 11 − Production system hierarchy . 34
Figure 12 − Energy consumption characteristics of equipment . 35
Figure 13 − Model of automotive production . 41
Figure 14 − Supervisory control . 43
Figure A.1 – Unit process model . 48
Figure A.2 – Unit process model dealing with the direct and indirect influences . 49
Figure A.3 − Process units in the definition and context of plants . 49
Figure A.4 − Typical expanded equipment hierarchy . 50
Figure B.1 − Product production process . 55
Figure B.2 − Production process flow . 55
Figure C.1 − Energy baseline model . 56
Figure C.2 − Cooling water pump facility with parallel pumping control. 58
Figure C.3 − Cooling water pumps with variable frequency AC drive . 59
Figure D.1 − Examples of energy labels . 60
Figure E.1 − “RENKEI” control . 62
Figure E.2 − “RENKEI” control detail . 62
Figure E.3 − Energy flow in a factory . 63
Figure F.1 − Components and automation functions . 64
Figure F.2 − Pipe air leaks . 65
Figure F.3 − Structure of control valve . 66
Figure F.4 − Control loop performance improvements . 66
Figure F.5 − The effects of control performance analysis and tuning . 67
Figure F.6 − Relationship between air-fuel ratio and heat efficiency (combustion) . 67
Figure F.7 − CO and O control system for combustion furnace . 68
Figure F.8 − APC . 69
Figure F.9 − Example of APC application for distillation column . 70
Figure F.10 − Air supply pressure control by pressure transmitter and compressor . 70
Figure F.11 − Control of steam header pressure by means of compressor quantity
control . 71
Figure F.12 − Optimal operational planning system . 72
Figure F.13 − Coal gasification plant . 73

Table 1 − Guideline for EMU energy data . 29
Table 2 − Guideline to define KPIs for EMU . 36
Table 3 − Guideline for the definition of KPIs for products . 37

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 5 –
Table 4 − KPI description based on ISO 22400-2 model . 38
Table 5 − Characteristics of production processes . 40
Table B.1 − Target values of KPI by industry sectors in Japan . 53
Table C.1 − Guidelines for defining an energy baseline model . 57
Table F.1 − Pipe air leaks detected by ultrasonic sensing device . 65

– 6 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 62837, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 65:
Industrial-process measurement, control and automation.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
65/513/DTR 65/517/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 7 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
INTRODUCTION
Energy efficiency has received an ever growing attention worldwide since it is considered a
major lever to help secure a sustainable society in view of climate change, growing population
and security of supply [1] . Additionally the sustainability and conservation of resources need
to be considered. Automation is the enabler of measures, solutions and systems for
demand/response and energy efficiency. In the context of this TR we will only consider energy
efficiency. IEC and ISO have both identified energy efficiency as one of their main areas of
activity.
The current focus of the Standard Development Organisations (SDO) is harmonised
terminology, calculation methods, indicators, energy management systems and standards for
assessment and ratings (e.g. for buildings and industrial plants). For this purpose IEC SMB
Decision 128/20 “New initiatives for IEC” work endorsed the SMB Strategic Group 1 on
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This strategic group has since then developed 34
recommendations for future work in different domains. The three following recommendations
cover the area of automation:
• Recommendation #7: IEC/TC 2, SC 22G and TC 65 together with ISO/TC 184 should
develop guidelines for the design and operation of energy efficient systems in the field of
industrial automation and industrial process control from a system point of view.
• Recommendation #27: In order to support the optimisation of automation and production
processes already during the planning phase of production systems, SG1 recommends
that all relevant product TC/SC include key data in their components/devices standards
that are vital for a priori simulation of the component/device behaviour in an intended
production system, as such simulation leads to optimised processes from an energy
efficiency perspective.
• Recommendation #28: In order to support the optimisation of automation and production
processes already during the planning phase of production systems, SG1 recommends
that TC 65 and its SCs consider the development of simulation tools from a system point
of view, to allow a priori optimisation of automation and production processes on the
factory floor in terms of energy efficiency.
In line with the recommendation #7, a workshop organized by the quoted committees and by
SC 17B reached the consensus to create JWG 14, settled in TC 65, to cover the objectives
and perform the tasks specified in the above mentioned recommendations. This document
identifies a number of technology areas in the scope of various technical committees that
need standardisation.
_______________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 9 –
ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

1 Scope
This Technical Report provides to the technical committees a framework for the development
and adaptation of documents in order to improve energy efficiency in manufacturing, process
control and industrial facility management.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62264 (all parts), Enterprise-control system integration
IEC 62264-1:2013, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 1: Models and terminology
ISO 20140-1:2013, Automation systems and integration – Evaluating energy efficiency and
other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment – Part 1: Overview and
general principles
ISO 22400-2, Automation systems and integration – Key performance indicators for
manufacturing operations management – Part 2: Definitions and descriptions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Energy
3.1.1
energy
capacity of a system to produce external activity or perform work
Note 1 to entry: Commonly, the term “energy” is used for electricity, fuel, steam, heat, compressed air and other
like media. Energy can take a wide variety of forms, for example: chemical energy, mechanical energy, thermal
energy, electric energy, gravitational energy, nuclear energy, hydraulic energy, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The SI unit for energy is joule (J), and for electric energy also watt-hour (W·h).
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.1]
3.1.2
energy conversion
transformation of the physical or chemical form of energy
Note 1 to entry: The term “energy transformation” may be employed in this sense.
_______________
To be published.
– 10 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.7]
3.1.3
energy source
source material or natural resource from which energy in a useful form can be extracted or
recovered either directly or by means of energy conversion
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.2]
3.1.4
final energy
energy as received by an energy using system
Note 1 to entry: Final energy may be either primary or secondary energy, or both.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.12]
3.1.5
primary energy
energy that has not been subjected to any conversion process
Note 1 to entry: Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy. The sum of primary
energy from all energy sources may be called total primary energy.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.6]
3.1.6
secondary energy
energy resulting from energy conversion of primary energy
EXAMPLE Electricity, gasoline, process steam, compressed air.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.1.8]
3.2 Energy use and energy consumption
3.2.1
energy baseline
quantitative reference(s) providing a basis for comparison of energy performance
Note 1 to entry: An energy baseline reflects a specified period of time.
Note 2 to entry: An energy baseline can be normalized using variables affecting energy use and/or consumption
such as production level, degree days (outdoor temperature), etc.
Note 3 to entry: Energy baseline is also used for calculation of energy savings, as a reference before and after
implementation of energy performance improvement actions.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.6]
3.2.2
energy consumption
amount of energy used
Note 1 to entry: Although technically incorrect, energy consumption is a widely used term.
Note 2 to entry: The manner or kind of application of energy is expressed as energy use.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.2.5]

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 11 –
3.2.3
energy demand
necessary supply capacity for the projected level of energy use
Note 1 to entry: When considering future trends, energy demand is often used in the sense of potential energy
consumption.
Note 2 to entry: Energy demand is often used in the context of supply-demand interaction where demand is not
given but dependent on external factors such as energy prices.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.2.3]
3.2.4
energy end user
entity consuming final energy
Note 1 to entry: The energy end user may differ from the customer who might purchase the energy but does not
necessarily use it.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.2.2]
3.2.5
energy saving
reduction of energy consumption following implementation of energy efficiency improvement
action(s)
Note 1 to entry: The reduction is obtained by comparison against the baseline taking into account all adjustment
factors.
Note 2 to entry: Energy savings can be potential following an assessment or actual after implementing an
action(s).
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.2.8]
3.2.6
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
Note 1 to entry: Examples are ventilation, lighting, heating, cooling, transportation, processes, production lines.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.18]
3.2.7
energy using system
physically defined energy consuming item with boundaries, energy input and output
Note 1 to entry: An energy using system can be a plant, a process, part of a process, a building, a part of a
building, a machine, equipment, a product, etc.
Note 2 to entry: Boundaries must be clearly delimited.
Note 3 to entry: Output can be energy, service, product.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.2.4]
3.3 Energy efficiency
3.3.1
energy efficiency
ratio between an output of performance, service, goods or energy, and an input of energy
Note 1 to entry: Both input and output have to be clearly specified in quantity and quality, and be measurable.

– 12 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
Note 2 to entry: Examples are conversion efficiency, energy required/energy used, output/input, theoretical
energy used to operate/energy used to operate.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.1, modified – omitted notes 2 and 3 from original
and added a new note 2]
3.3.2
energy efficiency improvement programme
set of activities focusing on energy end users with the intent of providing energy efficiency
improvements that are verifiable, measurable or estimable.
Note 1 to entry: In the context of an energy management system, the definition would be, “action plan specifically
aimed at achieving energy efficiency objectives and targets”.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.5]
3.3.3
energy efficiency indicator
value indicative of the energy efficiency
Note 1 to entry: Mainly used as a metric in policy evaluation and in macroeconomic studies.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.8]
3.3.4
energy intensity
energy consumption per financial unit of output
EXAMPLE Gigajoule (GJ) per euro of GDP (gross domestic product). Gigajoule per unit of turn over.
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.9]
3.3.5
intrinsic energy efficiency
energy efficiency of a component which is achieved by design
3.3.6
load shedding
process of deliberately disconnecting preselected loads from a power system in response to
an abnormal condition in order to maintain the integrity of the remainder of the system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-603:1987, 603-04-32]
3.3.7
managed energy efficiency
energy efficiency achieved by systematic energy management
3.3.8
peak shaving
process in an electrical system intended not to exceed a maximum overall energy demand
Note 1 to entry: Peak shaving can be obtained by planning of the energy needs within the manufacturing system
or load shedding or autonomous energy production.
3.3.9
rational use of energy
energy use by consumers in a manner best suited to the realization of economic objectives,
taking into account technical, social, political, financial and environmental constraints
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.12]

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 13 –
3.3.10
specific energy consumption
energy consumption per physical unit of output
EXAMPLE Gigajoule (GJ) per ton of steel, Btu/ton of product, annual kWh per m .
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.3.10, modified – added in the example “Btu/ton of
product”.]
3.4 Energy performance
3.4.1
energy performance
measurable results related to energy efficiency, energy use and energy consumption
Note 1 to entry: In the context of energy management systems, results can be measured against the
organization’s energy policy, objectives, targets and other energy performance requirements.
Note 2 to entry: Energy performance is one component of the performance of the energy management system.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.12]
3.4.2
energy performance indicator
EnPI
quantitative value or measure of energy performance, as defined by the organization
Note 1 to entry: EnPIs could be expressed as a simple metric, ratio or a more complex model.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.13]
3.5 Energy management
3.5.1
energy management
coordinated activities directing and controlling the energy use of an entity
[SOURCE: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010, 4.5.1]
3.5.2
energy management profile
set of energy related application parameters and/or energy saving modes
3.5.3
energy managed unit
EMU
unit of asset for energy management, identified by an energy related functional partitioning
3.6 Automation process equipment
3.6.1
asset
physical or logical object owned by or under the custodial duties of an organization, having
either a perceived or actual value to the organization
Note 1 to entry: In the case of industrial automation and control systems the physical assets that have the largest
directly measurable value may be the equipment under control.
[SOURCE: IEC 62443-1-1:2009, 3.2.6]

– 14 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
3.6.2
automation asset
asset with a defined automation role in a manufacturing or process plant
Note 1 to entry: It would include structural, mechanical, electrical, electronics and software elements (e.g.
controllers, switches, network, drives, motors, pumps). These elements cover components, devices but not the
plant itself (machine, systems). It would not include human resources, process materials (e.g. raw, in-process,
finished), financial assets.
[SOURCE: IEC/TR 62794:2012, 3.1.4]
3.6.3
component
asset used as a constituent in equipment, system or plant
[SOURCE: IEC 61666:2010, 3.6, modified – changed product to asset]
3.6.4
device
entity that performs control, actuating and/or sensing functions and interfaces to other such
entities within an automation system
[SOURCE: ISO 15745-1:2003, 3.11]
3.7 Automation system
3.7.1
direct influence
environmental influence resulting from actual product production by direct operation of
manufacturing equipment
[SOURCE: ISO 20140-1:2013, 3.1.4]
3.7.2
indirect influence
environmental influence resulting from activities that support actual product production by
direct operation of manufacturing equipment, in indirect mode of manufacturing equipment
and operation and maintenance of the manufacturing support system
[SOURCE: ISO 20140-1:2013, 3.1.17]
3.7.3
input
product, material or energy flow that enters a unit process
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.21]
3.7.4
manufacturing support system
system which is used for providing the necessary other resource to a manufacturing system
[SOURCE: ISO 20140-1:2013, 3.1.30]
3.7.5
output
product, material or energy flow that leaves a unit process
[SOURCE: ISO 14040: 2006, 3.25]

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 15 –
3.7.6
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms input to output
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.11]
3.7.7
product
result of labour or of a natural or industrial process
Note 1 to entry: This term is defined by "any goods or service" in IEC 62430 and ISO 20140-1:2013. The European
Commission adopts a similar understanding in the directive "Ecodesign requirements for energy-related products".
In the context of this standard, the term "product" does not cover the automation assets but only the output of the
manufacturing or process plant.
[SOURCE: IEC 61082-1:2006, 3.1.11, modified – a note to entry has been added]
3.7.8
releases
emissions to air and discharges to water and soil
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.30]
3.7.9
unit process
smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis for which input and output
data are quantified
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34]
3.7.10
waste
substances or objects which the holder intends or is required to dispose of
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.35]
4 Abbreviations and alphabetical index
4.1 Abbreviated terms
APC Advanced process control
BTU British thermal unit
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CLC CENELEC, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
CV Control variable
DCS Distributed control system
EMU Energy managed unit
EnPI Energy performance indicator
FC Function variable
IEA International Energy Agency
KPI Key performance indicator
MV Manipulated variable
SV Set variable
– 16 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
4.2 Alphabetical index of terms
A
asset 3.6.1
automation asset 3.6.2
C
component 3.6.3
D
device 3.6.4
direct influence 3.7.1
E
energy 3.1.1
energy baseline 3.2.1
energy consumption 3.2.2
energy conversion 3.1.2
energy demand 3.2.3
energy efficiency 3.3.1
energy efficiency improvement programme 3.3.2
energy efficiency indicator 3.3.3
energy end user 3.2.4
energy intensity 3.3.4
energy managed unit 3.5.3
energy management 3.5.1
energy management profile 3.5.2
energy performance 3.4.1
energy performance indicator 3.4.2
energy saving 3.2.5
energy source 3.1.3
TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 17 –
energy use 3.2.6
energy using system 3.2.7
F
final energy 3.1.4
I
indirect influence 3.7.2
input 3.7.3
intrinsic energy efficiency 3.3.5
L
load shedding 3.3.66
M
managed energy efficiency 3.3.7
manufacturing support system 3.7.4
O
output 3.7.5
P
peak shaving 3.3.8
primary energy 3.1.5
process 3.7.6
product 3.7.7
R
rational use of energy 3.3.9
releases 3.7.8
S
secondary energy 3.1.6
specific energy consumption 3.3.10
U
– 18 – TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E)
unit process 3.7.9
W
waste 3.7.10
5 Generic models
5.1 Functional hierarchy of production systems
This document applies the description of the applications given by the hierarchy model of
IEC 62264 which is shown in Figure 1. The main levels of the hierarchy are business planning
and logistics, manufacturing operations management and control (batch, continuous, or
discrete control). The levels provide different functions and work in different time frames.
Level 4 may also include enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management
(SCM), level 3 may also include manufacturing execution systems (MES) and plant
information systems (PIMS).
LevelLevel 44
EEssttablabliisshihinng tg the he basbasiicc plplaantnt s scchhededulule fe foorr pr proodducucttiioon,n, m matatereriialal u usese,,
BuBussiinneessss p pllaannnniinngg
deldeliivveerryy,, s shhiippppiinng,g, det deterermmiinining ing innvvententoorryy l levevelelss,, op opereratatiiononalal
& & llooggisistticicss
mamannaaggeememennt, et, etctc.
TiTimme fe frramamee:: MMontonthshs,, w weekeekss,, d dayayss
LevelLevel 33
WWororkk f fllowow / / r receciippe ce coonnttrrolol t to po prroodducuce te thhe de deessiirreed ed end nd pprrododucucttss.
MMaiaintntaiaininingng r rececoorrdsds a annd optd optiimmiizziinng tg the he prproodduuccttiion pon prrococeessss,,
MMaannuuffactactururiingng
didissppatatcchhiinngg pr prooducducttiioonn,, det detaiailleed pd prrododucucttiion son scchehedudulliinng,g, r releliiaabibillitityy
ooppeerraattiioonnss mamannaaggeememenntt
asasssururaancnce,e, et etcc.
TiTimme fe frramamee:: DDayayss,, s shihiffttss,, hour hourss,, mmiinnututeses,, s seecconondsds
LevelLevel 22
MMononiittororiinng,g, s supeuperrvviissororyy c contontrrolol a and and aututoommatated ced coontntrrolol ofof t the he
prproodducucttiioon prn prococesesss.
CCCononontttiiinuousnuousnuous
BBatatch ch DDiiscscrretetee TiTimme fe frramamee:: H Hourourss,, m miinutnuteses,, s sececoondsnds,, ssububssececoondndss
contcontrrolol contcontcontrrrololol contcontrrolol
LevelLevel 11
SSensensiing ng anand md maaninipulpulaattiing tng thhe pre prooducducttiion on prprooccesesss
LevelLevel 00
The acThe acttuauall pr proodducucttiioon n prprococesesss

IEC  2326/13
Figure 1 − Functional hierarchy of production systems according to IEC 62264
Figure 2 shows the energy functions that may be installed in these levels. In the lower levels,
there are energy functions like real time measurement and control. In the higher levels,
optimisation and management functions are installed, including energy management.

TR 62837 © IEC:2013(E) – 19 –
EnEneerrggyy fufunncctitioonnss
LevelLevel 44
CCararbobonn ffootoot prpriintnt
BuBussiinneessss p pllaannnniinngg
CCororpoporratatee ssoocciaial l rresespponsonsababiilliittyy ((CSR)CSR) d daattaa
& & llooggisistticicss mmaanagnagememenentt
IISSOO 1400 14001,1, I ISSOO 5001 5001 ssupuppoporrtt
LevelLevel 33
EEnernergygy inintteennssitityy ((babassiicc cocostst))
EEnernergygy ccoostst mmananagagemementent
MMaannuuffactactururiingng
AAnalnalyysse e eneenerrggyy datdataa
ooppeerraattiioonnss mamannaaggeememenntt
PlaPlannnniningg eenernergygy ccoonsnserervvatatiioonn
LevelLevel 22 & 1& 1
AAdvdvancanceed d prprococesesss ccoonnttrrool (l (APC
...