EN 13001-3-5:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024
01-julij-2024
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-5. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti kovanih in
litih kavljev
Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged and
cast hooks
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-5: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von
geschmiedeten und gegossenen Haken
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-5 : États
limites et vérification des crochets forgés et moulés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13001-3-5
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
53.020.30 Pribor za dvigalno opremo Accessories for lifting
equipment
oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024
oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13001-3-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2024
ICS 53.020.30; 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 13001-3-5:2016+A1:2021
English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof
of competence of forged and cast hooks
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-5:
générale - Partie 3-5 : États limites et vérification des Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von
crochets forgés et moulés geschmiedeten und gegossenen Haken
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13001-3-5:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024
prEN 13001-3-5:2024 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 10
4 General requirements . 13
4.1 Materials . 13
4.1.1 General . 13
4.1.2 Typical standards and grades . 14
4.1.3 Classification of hook materials . 15
4.2 Workmanship . 15
4.2.1 Forged hooks . 15
4.2.2 Cast hooks . 16
4.3 Manufacturing tolerances of forgings . 16
4.4 Heat treatment . 16
4.5 Cold forming by proof loading . 16
4.6 Hook body geometry . 17
4.7 Hook shank machining . 18
4.8 Nut . 19
4.9 Effect of hook suspension . 19
5 Static strength . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Vertical design force . 20
5.3 Horizontal design force . 20
5.4 Bending moment of the shank . 21
5.4.1 General . 21
5.4.2 Bending moment due to horizontal force . 21
5.4.3 Bending moment due to inclination of hook suspension . 21
5.4.4 Bending moment due to eccentricity of vertical force . 23
5.4.5 Exceptional case for ramshorn hooks . 23
5.4.6 Design bending moment of the shank . 24
5.5 Hook body, design stresses . 24
5.5.1 Loadings. 24
5.5.2 Stress determination methods . 25
5.5.3 Design stresses applying curved beam bending theory . 25
5.6 Hook shank, design stresses . 26
5.7 Hook, proof of static strength . 27
5.7.1 General for hook body and shank . 27
5.7.2 The use of static limit design force for verification of the hook body . 28
6 Fatigue strength . 28
6.1 General . 28
6.2 Vertical fatigue design force. 29
6.3 Horizontal fatigue design force . 29
6.4 Fatigue design bending moment of shank . 29
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6.4.1 Bending moment due to horizontal force . 29
6.4.2 Bending moment due to inclination of hook suspension . 30
6.4.3 Bending moment due to eccentricity of vertical force . 30
6.5 Proof of fatigue strength, hook body . 30
6.5.1 Design stress calculation . 30
6.5.2 Stress history in general . 31
6.5.3 Stress history based upon classified duty . 31
6.5.4 Limit fatigue design stress . 33
6.5.5 Execution of the proof . 34
6.5.6 The use of fatigue limit design force for verification of the hook body . 35
6.6 Proof of fatigue strength, hook shank . 35
6.6.1 General . 35
6.6.2 Design stress calculation . 36
6.6.3 Applied stress cycles. 36
6.6.4 Basic fatigue strength of material . 37
6.6.5 Stress concentration effects from geometry . 37
6.6.6 Fatigue strength of notched shank . 38
6.6.7 Mean stress influence . 39
6.6.8 Transformation to stresses at zero mean stress . 40
6.6.9 Stress history parameter in general . 40
6.6.10 Stress history parameter based upon classified duty . 41
6.6.11 Execution of the proof . 41
6.7 Fatigue design of hook shanks for stand-alone hooks . 42
7 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Scope of testing and sampling . 42
7.3 Testing of mechanical properties . 42
7.4 Test loading . 43
8 Information for use . 43
8.1 Maintenance and inspection . 43
8.2 Marking . 44
8.3 Safe use . 45
Annex A (informative) Sets of single hooks . 46
A.1 A series of single hooks of type RS/RSN, dimensions of hook bodies . 46
A.2 A series of single hooks of type RF/RFN, dimensions of hook bodies . 48
A.3 A series of single hooks of type B, dimensions of hook bodies . 50
Annex B (informative) A series of ramshorn hooks of type RS/RSN and RF/RFN, dimensions
of hook bodies . 52
Annex C (informative) Dimensional tolerances of hook bodies . 54
Annex D (informative) Static limit design forces of hook bodies . 56
D.1 Static limit design forces of hook bodies for hooks of type RS and RF . 56
D.2 Static limit design forces of hook bodies for a series of hooks of type B, with
additional materials . 57
Annex E (informative) Fatigue limit design forces of hook bodies . 58
E.1 Fatigue limit design forces of hook bodies for forged hooks of type RS and RF . 58
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E.2 Fatigue limit design forces of hook bodies for a series of hooks of type B, with
additional, forged materials . 59
E.3 Fatigue limit design forces of hook bodies for cast hooks of type RS and RF . 60
E.4 Fatigue limit design forces of hook bodies for a series of hooks of type B, with
additional, cast materials . 61
Annex F (informative) Sets of hook shank and thread designs . 62
F.1 A series of hook shank and thread designs, a knuckle thread . 62
F.2 A series of hook shank and thread designs, a metric thread . 64
F.3 A series of hook shank and thread designs, a modified metric thread . 66
F.4 Hook shank and thread designs for hooks of type B . 68
Annex G (normative) Bending of curved beams . 70
G.1 Basic formulae for stresses. 70
G.2 Approximation of the reference moment of inertia . 71
Annex H (normative) Calculation of hook suspension tilting resistance, articulation by a
hinge or a rope reeving system . 73
H.1 General . 73
H.2 Articulation of hook by a hinge . 74
H.3 Articulation of a hook suspension by a balanced rope reeving. 74
Annex I (informative) Guidance for the selection of a hook body size using Annexes D and E . 77
I.1 General . 77
I.2 Case description . 77
I.3 Proof of static strength . 77
I.4 Proof of fatigue strength . 78
I.5 Final selection of hook . 78
Annex J (informative) Information to be provided by the hook manufacturer . 79
Annex K (informative) Guidance on cold forming by proof loading of forged hooks . 80
Annex L (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 81
Annex M (informative) List of significant hazards . 83
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 84
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered . 85
Bibliography . 87
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13001-3-5:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
- Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13001-3-5:2016+A1:2021.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA or Annex ZB, which is an integral part
of this document.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Annex M.
This European Standard is one part of the EN 13001 series . The other parts are as follows:
— Part 1: General principles and requirements
— Part 2: Load actions
— Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings
— Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see informative Annex L.

Currently at Enquiry stage.
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Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide a means for the mechanical design and theoretical
verification of crane hooks to conform to essential health and safety requirements. This document also
establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer
and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers)
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
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1 Scope
This document covers the following parts of hooks and types of hooks:
— bodies of any type of hooks made of steel forgings or steel castings, including stainless steel;
— machined shanks of hooks with a thread/nut suspension.
Plate hooks, which are those assembled of one or several parallel parts of rolled steel plates, are not
covered.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks
to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 8 of this document are intended to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) exceeding the limits of yield strength, ultimate strength, fatigue strength, brittle fracture;
b) exceeding temperature limits of material.
This document is not applicable to hooks installed in cranes manufactured before the date of its
publication and serves as a reference base for product standards for particular crane types.
This part of EN 13001 deals only with the limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1:2015.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1369:2012, Founding — Magnetic particle testing
EN 1370:2011, Founding — Examination of surface condition
EN 1371-1:2011, Founding — Liquid penetrant testing — Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die
castings
EN 1559-1:2011, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 1: General
EN 10025-3:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
EN 10213:2007+A1:2016, Steel castings for pressure purposes
EN 10222-4:2017+A1:2021, Steel forgings for pressure purposes — Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with
high proof strength
EN 10228-1:2016, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection
EN 10228-2:2016, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 2: Penetrant testing
EN 10228-3:2016, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or
martensitic steel forgings
EN 10250-1:2022, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes — Part 1: General requirements
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prEN 13001-3-5:2024 (E)
EN 10250-2:2022, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes — Part 2: Non-alloy quality and
special steels
EN 10250-3:2022, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes — Part 3: Alloy special steels
EN 10254:1999, Steel closed die forgings — General technical delivery conditions
EN 10340:2007, Steel castings for structural uses
EN 12680-1:2003, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2021, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire
ropes in reeving systems
EN ISO 148-1:2016, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-
1:2016)
EN ISO 642:1999, Steel — Hardenability test by end quenching (Jominy test) (ISO 642:1999)
EN ISO 643:2020, Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643:2019, Corrected
version 2023-11)
EN ISO 683-2:2018, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 2: Alloy steels for
quenching and tempering (ISO 683-2:2016)
EN ISO 898-2:2022, Fasteners — Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel -
Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes (ISO 898-2:2022)
EN ISO 21920-2:2022, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile - Part 2: Terms,
definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 21920-2:2021, Corrected version 2022-06)
EN ISO 6892-1:2019, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1:2019)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system
(ISO/TR 15608:2017)
ISO 965-1:2013, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances — Part 1: Principles and basic
data
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
EN ISO 15614-1:2017, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials —
Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys
(ISO 15614-1:2017, Corrected version 2017-10-01)
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3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and
ISO 4306-1:2007, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
hook shank
upper part of the hook, from which the hook is suspended to the hoist medium of the crane
3.1.2
hook body
lower, curved part of the hook below the shank
3.1.3
hook seat
bottom part of the hook body, where the load lifting attachment is resting
3.1.4
hook articulation
feature of the hook suspension, allowing the hook to tilt along the inclined load line
3.1.5
stand-alone hook
hook which is designed, manufactured and released to the market as a component or as part of a hook
block, without connection to a specific crane or application
3.1.6
total deformation ratio
ratio of the area of the cast cross section to the forged cross section
Note 1 to entry: The following terms might also be used in technical literature for the same: reduction rate,
reduction ratio, forging reduction.
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3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
A Cross section area of the unmachined shank
d1
A Cross section area of the critical section of hook shank
d4
A Minimum impact toughness of material
v
a Acceleration
a Seat circle diameter
a Throat opening
a Height of the hook point
b Maximum width in the critical hook body section
max
bref Reference width
C Total number of working cycles during the design life of crane
C Relative tilting resistance of the hook suspension
t
c Coefficient for load eccentricity
e
D Cumulative damage in fatigue (Palmgren-Miner hypothesis)
d Diameter of the unmachined shank
d Principal diameter of thread
d Diameter of the undercut section of the shank
d Thread core diameter
e Distance of the vertical load line from the centre line of the shank
R
F Vertical force
F Vertical force on hook due to occasional or exceptional loads
H
F Basic limit design forces, static
Rd,s,0
F , F Limit design forces, static/fatigue
Rd,s Rd,f
F Vertical design force for the proof of static strength
Sd,s
F Vertical design force for the proof of fatigue strength
Sd,f
f , f , f Factors of material type influence (forged/cast)
M MB MS
f , f , f Factors of further influences
1 2 3
f Limit design stress
Rd
f Yield stress
y
fu Ultimate strength
g Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9,81 m/s
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Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
H Horizontal design force of hook
Sd,s
H Horizontal design force for the proof of fatigue strength
Sd,f
h1, h2 Section heights of the hook body
Vertical distance from the seat bottom of the hook body to the centre of the
h
articulation
Vertical distance from the seat bottom of the hook body to critical section of hook
h
s
shank
i Index for a lifting cycle or a stress cycle
I Reference moment of inertia for curved beam
I Moment of inertia of the unmachined shank
d1
I Moment of inertia of the critical section of hook shank
d4
k Conversion factor for stress spectrum and classified duty
C
kh, ks Stress spectrum factors
kQ Load spectrum factor, in accordance with EN 13001-1:2015
k * Specific spectrum ratio factor with m = 5
lg Log to the base of 10
M , M , M , M Bending moments of hook shank
1 2 3 4
M , M , M Bending moments of hook shank for the proof of fatigue strength, lifting cycle i
1,f,i 2,f,i 3,f,i
M Static design bending moment
Sd,s
m Slope parameter of the characteristic fatigue design curve
m Mass of rated hoist load
RC
m Mass of the hook load in a lifting cycle i
i
N Total number of stress cycles/lifting cycles
N Reference number of stress cycles, N = 2 × 10
D D
p Pitch of thread
p Average number of accelerations related to one lifting cycle
a
R Radius of hook body curvature
R Average depth of surface profile in accordance with EN ISO 21920-2:2022
a
R Maximum depth of surface profile in accordance with EN ISO 21920-2:2022
z
r Relief radius of the undercut
r Thread bottom radius
th
s Length of undercut
s , s Stress history parameters
h s
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Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
s Load history parameter
Q
t Depth of thread
T Operation temperature
u , u Depths of notches
S T
α Angle
α , α Stress concentration factors
S T
β Angle or direction of hook inclination
β , β , β Notch effect factors
n nS nT
ϕ Dynamic factor for hoisting an unrestrained grounded load
ϕ Dynamic factor for changes of acceleration of a movement
γ Risk coefficient
n
γ Partial safety factor
p
γ General resistance coefficient
m
γ Specific resistance coefficient
sm
γ , γ Fatigue strength specific resistance factors
Hf Sf
η Edge distance of a hook body section
ν Factor for load component
ν , ν Relative numbers of stress cycles
h s
μ Factor for mean stress influence
σ Shank stress due to axial force
a
σ Shank stress due to bending moment
b
σ Mean stress in a stress cycle
m
σ Stress amplitude in a stress cycle
A
σ Design stress
Sd
σ Basic fatigue strength amplitude, un-notched piece
M
σ Total stress range in a pulsating stress cycle
p
σ Fatigue strength amplitude, notched piece
W
σ , σ , σ Transformed stress amplitudes
Tmax T1 T2
Δσ Characteristic fatigue strength
c
Δσ Limit fatigue design stress
Rd
Δσ Stress range in a lifting cycle i
Sd,i
Δσ Maximum stress range
Sd,max
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4 General requirements
4.1 Materials
4.1.1 General
The hook material shall fulfil the requirements of this clause independently of the material standard
applied (see 4.1.2) and independently whether classification of the material is applied or not (see 4.1.3).
The hook material in the finished product shall have ductility to permanently deform before losing the
ability to carry the load, at the temperatures specified for the use of the hook. Particularly the hook
material shall fulfill the following conditions:
— the ratio of ultimate strength (f ) to yield stress (f ) f /f ≥ 1,1. For the materials, which do not fulfil
u y u y
this condition, the design value of f shall be limited to f /1,1;
y u
— the percentage elongation at fracture A ≥ 10 % on a gauge length LS5,65× (where S is the
0 0
original cross-sectional area).
The hook material, after heat treatment, shall have minimum Charpy-V impact energy in accordance with
EN ISO 148-1:2016 and as specified in Table 2.
Table 2 — Impact test requirement for hook material
Operation Impact test Minimum impact
temperature temperature energy KV
T ≥ 0 °C +20 °C 35 J
T ≥ −20 °C −0 °C 35 J
T ≥ −30 °C −20 °C 35 J
T ≥ −40 °C −30 °C 35 J
To satisfy the requirements of the operating temperature, the manufacturer shall select the steel, which
after suitable heat treatment, shall be consistent with achieving the chosen mechanical property grade
for the selected hook form, taking into account its individual ruling thickness.
The steel shall be fully killed, stabilized against strain age embrittlement, ensured by having suitable mass
content of aluminium (in general between 0,02 % and 0,05 %). The steel shall contain no more sulphur
and phosphorus than the limits given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Sulphur and phosphorus content
Maximum mass content as determined by
Element
Cast analysis Check analysis
Sulphur (S) 0,020 [%] 0,025 [%]
Phosphorus (P) 0,020 [%] 0,025 [%]
Sum of S + P 0,035 [%] 0,045 [%]
=
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Where quenched and tempered steel is used, the hardenability of the steel shall fulfil the requirement of
the Jominy-ratio given in Table 4. The Jominy-ratio J30/J1,5 is the ratio between J30 and J1,5, where J30
and J1,5 mean the hardness at depths 30 mm and 1,5 mm correspondingly, determined by Jominy face-
quenching test in accordance with EN ISO 642:1999.
The tests shall be carried out per melt and the values be given in the technical hook information, see
Annex J. For more information on hardening properties and hardness profiles, see EN ISO 683-2:2018.
Where the mechanical properties of cast hooks are tested for each single hook, the hardenability may be
verified by HB-testing in accordance with EN ISO 6506-1:2014 in the section of the test specimen at
1,5 mm and 30 mm depth from the surface. The hardness ratio shall fulfil the minimum requirement
(Jominy-ratio) given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Hardenability of quenched and tempered materials, Jominy-ratio
Ultimate strength f Minimum required
u
N/mm Jominy-ratio J30/J1,5
540 ≤ f < 800 65 %
u
800 ≤ f 93 %
u
Hooks in the final condition shall have a grain size of
— 6 or finer for forged materials,
— 5 or finer for cast materials,
with grain size determined in accordance with EN ISO 643:2020.
4.1.2 Typical standards and grades
European Standards specify materials and their properties. Material grades and qualities for hooks given
in Table 5 shall be used. For more detailed information, see the specific European Standard.
Table 5 — Suitable materials for hooks
Material standard Selected qualities
EN 10025-3:2019 S355N S420N
EN 10222-4:2017+A1: P355NH P420NH
2021 P355QH P420QH
Forged hooks EN 10250-2:2022 S355J2N
EN ISO 683-2:2018 25CrMo4+QT 34CrNiMo6+QT
EN 10250-3:2022 34CrMo4+QT 30CrNiMo8+QT
36CrNiMo4+QT
EN 10213:2007+A1:20 G20Mn5 + N G20Mn5 + QT
Cast hooks
EN 10340:2007 G18NiMoCr3–6 + QT GX4CrNi13–4 + QT
Grades and qualities other than those mentioned above may be used, if the requirements
of 4.1.1 are fulfilled and the mechanical properties and the chemical composition are
specified in the same way as in relevant European Standards.
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4.1.3 Classification of hook materials
For practical purposes, an optional classification of materials for hooks is presented in Table 6. In cases
where the hook material is specified through the classification, the values of mechanical properties given
in Table 6 shall be used as design values and shall be specified as minimum values by the hook
manufacturer.
Table 6 — Mechanical properties for classified materials
Mechanical properties
Yield stress Ultimate strength
Material class
reference
f f
y u
2 2
N/mm N/mm
P 315 490
S 390 540
T 490 700
V 620 800
W 770 970
NOTE Acceptable strength properties of hook material are not limited to those shown in Table 6.
4.2 Workmanship
4.2.1 Forged hooks
The manufacturing process, factory tests and delivery conditions shall meet the requirements of
EN 10254:1999 or EN 10250-1:2022 as relevant.
Each hook body shall be forged hot in one piece. The macroscopic flow lines of the forging shall follow
the body outline of the hook in the areas of the highest tensile stresses. Excess metal from the forging
operation shall be removed cleanly leaving the surface free from sharp edges. The total deformation ratio
shall be in accordance with the Table 7.
Table 7 — Requirement for the deformation ratio
Shank diameter Minimum, total
d [mm] deformation ratio
d ≤ 50 mm 8 : 1
50 mm < d ≤ 80 mm 6 : 1
80 mm < d ≤ 120 mm 4 : 1
120 mm < d 3 : 1
Profile cutting from a rolled plate is not permissible for forged hooks.
Hook forging shall be inspected for surface defects using appropriate non-destructive testing methods
(NDT) in conformance to EN 10228-1:2016 or EN 10228-2:2016 and requirement of quality class 3 shall
be met. Grinding may be used to reach the required surface quality. Any grinding marks shall be in
circumferential direction in respect to the seat circle.
Hook forging shall be inspected for volumetric defects using appropriate NDT-methods in conformance
to EN 10228-3:2016 and requirements of quality class 3 of EN 10228-3:2016 shall be met.
oSIST prEN 13001-3-5:2024
prEN 13001-3-5:2024 (E)
After heat treatment, furnace scale shall be removed and the hook shall be free from harmful defects,
including cracks.
No welding shall be carried out at any stage of manufacture.
4.2.2 Cast hooks
The manufacturing process, in-factory tests and delivery conditions shall meet the requirements of
EN 1559-1:2011 in general and the relevant material standard for the specific requirements.
The castings shall be heat-treated to meet the mechanical properties of the applicable grade. During
material selection, due consideration shall be given to the material properties varying by the depth,
especially in cases of large hooks.
Casting test pieces (see Clause 7) shall have representative solidification heat, mass transfer rate and
microstructure distribution of the hook and the mechanical test shall demonstrate that the casting has
the expected property across the section.
Prior to quenching, the ingate system is to be roughly removed. After quenching excess material from the
casting system shall be removed cleanly leaving the surface free from sharp edges.
The surface roughness of the hook seat in the finished product shall be equal to or better than R 500 µm
z
(corresponding to S2 in EN 1370:2011). Grinding may be used to reach the required surface quality. Any
grinding marks shall be in a circumferential direction in respect to the seat circle.
After heat treatment the surface of a cast hook shall be inspected for defects using appropriate NDT-
methods. Requirements of severity level 2 of EN 1369:2012 or severity level 2 of EN 1371-1:2011 shall
be met.
The inner quality shall be inspected by ultrasonic inspection in accordance with EN 12680-1:2003 and
severity level 2 or 3 shall be met. For influence of severity level on design factors, see 5.7.1.
Weld procedures for production welding are required for all repairs during manufacturing and shall be
qualified in accordance with CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017 and EN ISO 15614-1:2017. Subsequently the
welded part shall be post weld heat treated. Production welds shall be made in such a manner th
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