EN 81-43:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2009
Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebna dvigala za
prevoz oseb in blaga - 43. del: Dvigala za žerjave
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of
persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von Aufzügen - Besondere
Aufzüge für den Transport von Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Élévateurs
particuliers destinés au transport des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs
pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 81-43:2009
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
91.140.90 'YLJDOD7HNRþHVWRSQLFH Lifts. Escalators
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 81-43
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2009
ICS 53.020.20; 91.140.90
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special
lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for
cranes
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und Installation von
élévateurs - Élévateurs particuliers destinés au transport Aufzügen - Besondere Aufzüge für den Transport von
des personnes et des matériaux - Partie 43: Élévateurs Personen und Gütern - Teil 43: Kranführeraufzüge
pour appareils de levage à charge suspendue
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-43:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 List of significant hazards . 11
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Load combinations and calculations. 14
5.3 Base frame . 19
5.4 Mast, ties and buffers . 19
5.5 Liftway protection and landing access . 20
5.6 Car . 26
5.7 Drive unit . 30
5.8 Electric installations and appliances . 36
5.9 Control and limiting devices . 39
5.10 Breakdown conditions . 41
6 Verification . 43
6.1 Verification of design . 43
6.2 Special verification tests . 45
6.3 Verification tests on each lift before first use . 49
7 User information . 49
7.1 Instruction handbook . 49
7.2 Markings . 54
7.3 Marking of control elements . 56
Annex A (normative) European stormwind map . 57
Annex B (normative) Electric safety devices . 58
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 59
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 60
Bibliography . 61

Figures
Figure 1 — One example of forces during loading and unloading . 15
Figure 2 — One example of a full height landing gate . 22
Figure 3 — Safety distances for a moving lift car, reduced height landing gates. 23
Figure 4 — Reduced height landing gates . 24
Figure 5 — Correct mesh of pinion tooth . 32
Figure 6 — Minimum mesh of pinion tooth . 33
Figure 7 — Correct engagement of tooth . 33
Figure 8 — Minimum engagement of tooth . 33
Figure A.1 — European stormwind map . 57

Tables
Table 1 — Hazards relating to the general design and construction of lifts for persons
and materials . 12
Table 2 — Load cases and safety factors . 17
Table 3 — Means of verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 43
Table B.1 — List of electric safety devices . 58

Foreword
This document (EN 81-43:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators
and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is part of the EN 81 series of standards: "Safety rules for the construction and installation of
lifts". This is the first edition.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives 98/37/EC and
2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards produced by CEN/TC 10/SC 1 as part of the CEN programme
of work to produce machinery safety standards.
This document is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.
This document gives details for the complete installation.
In order to achieve a safe installation of a lift on a crane negotiations shall take place between the
manufacturer of the lift and the crane user organisation about the interfaces (e.g. lift way protection,
supporting structure, power supplies, suitability of alarm devices) regarding the responsibility for the supply of
these requirements.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard."
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the safety requirements for the construction and installation of power operated
lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces on cranes, by authorised persons. This includes
intended use, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance. The lift serves defined landing levels and
has a load carrying unit which is:
a) designed for the transportation of persons and goods;
b) guided;
c) travelling vertically or along a path within 15 degrees maximum from the vertical;
d) supported by rack and pinion or suspended by steel wire ropes;
e) travelling with a speed not more than 1,0 m/s for permanent lifts and not more than 0,4 m/s for temporary
lifts.
1.2 This document identifies hazards as listed in Clause 4 which arise during the various phases in the life
of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when used as
intended by the manufacturer.
1.3 This document does not specify the additional requirements for:
a) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields);
b) lightning protection;
c) operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
NOTE Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present
standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of Directive
94/9/EC.
d) electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity);
e) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations;
f) the use of combustion engines;
g) hydraulic drive units;
h) hazards occurring during manufacturing process;
i) hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road;
j) earthquakes;
k) noise (see also Directive on noise emissions from machines used outdoors (2000/14/EC)).
1.4 This standard is not applicable to:
a) builders hoists according to EN 12158-1:2000, EN 12158-2:2000 and EN 12159:2000;
b) elevating control stations according to EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008;
c) lifts according to EN 81-1:1998;
d) work platforms carried on the forks of fork trucks;
e) work platforms;
f) funiculars;
g) lifts specially designed for military purposes;
h) mine lifts;
i) theatre elevators.
1.5 This standard deals with the complete lift design but excludes the design of the crane. It includes the
base frame and base enclosure but excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or other foundation
arrangement. It includes the design of mast ties and the design of anchorage parts between the mast tie and
the crane structure. This standard also includes the design of the landing gates and their fixings.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts
EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 1037:1995+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1088:1995+A2:2008, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection
EN 1808:1999, Safety requirements on suspended access equipment — Design calculations, stability criteria,
construction — Tests
EN 1999-1-1:2007, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 12159:2000, Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes — Access
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 60947-4-1:2001, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters —
Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000)
EN 60947-5-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
EN ISO 14121-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 1: Principles (ISO 14121-1:2007)
ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs in workplaces and public areas
ISO 4309:2004, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard
ISO 6336-1:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength
ISO 6336-5:2003, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
lift
machine with a car which is guided and intended for transport between different levels
3.2
working load/rated load
maximum load which the lift has been designed to carry in service
3.3
rated speed
travelling speed of the car in m/s for which the equipment has been designed
3.4
wire rope lift
lift which uses wire rope as the load suspension system
3.5
supporting structure
crane and its foundations, giving vertical or horizontal support to the mast of the lift
3.6
rack and pinion lift
lift which uses a toothed rack and pinion as the load suspension system
3.7
base frame
lowest framework of the lift, upon which all other components are mounted
3.8
guide rails
rigid elements which determine the travel way of the load carrying unit, that may form part of the mast
3.9
mast
lift mast is the structure that supports the load carrying unit
3.10
mast section
indivisible piece of mast, between two adjacent mast joints
3.11
mast tie
connection system between the mast of the lift and the supporting structure, providing horizontal support for
the mast
3.12
liftway
total space which is travelled by the load carrying unit
3.13
car
load carrying unit including floor, walls, gates and roof
3.14
stopping distances
distance the load carrying unit moves from the moment, when the control or safety circuit is broken until the
load carrying unit has come to a full stop
3.15
overspeed safety device
combination of a) overspeed detecting device and b) safety gear
a) overspeed detecting device: a device which, when the lift attains a predetermined speed causes the
safety gear to be triggered/applied
b) safety gear: a mechanical device for stopping and maintaining stationary the lift car on the guide rail, rack
or rope
3.16
slack rope
rope, normally under tension, from which all external loads have been removed
3.17
wire rope termination
adaptation at the end of a wire rope permitting attachment
3.18
landing
level in the crane structure intended for loading and unloading the load carrying unit
3.19
guard rail
fixed equipment, other than gates, which is used to prevent people from falling or from reaching hazardous
areas
3.20
normal operation
usual operating conditions for the lift when in use for carrying loads but excluding routine maintenance,
erection, dismantling etc. of the lift (maintenance is considered in this standard)
3.21
in service
condition during use of the lift when the load carrying unit is in any position, loaded or unloaded, moving or
stationary
3.22
out of service
installed condition when the load carrying unit is positioned such that it is provided with the most shelter from
the wind. This is normally, but not necessarily, ground level. The load carrying unit is unloaded
3.23
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with the
necessary instructions to enable the required procedures to be carried out
3.24
overrun
travel of the car beyond the normal stopping positions at its uppermost and its lowermost landing (including
jumping)
3.25
authorised person
competent person having permission to use the lift
3.26
safety chain
safety contacts or/and safety circuits in series, stopping the machine
3.27
safety circuit
device(s) instead of a safety contact (e. g. non safety contacts in combination with a safety relay)
3.28
temporary installed lifts for cranes
lifts attached to tower cranes on temporary works e. g. construction sites and intended for access to
workplaces by authorised persons, which shall then be removed when the construction is over
3.29
permanent installed lifts for cranes
lifts attached to cranes and intended for access to workplaces by authorised persons, not covered by 3.28
3.30
safety rope
steel wire rope, only carrying the load when the safety device is activated
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action
to eliminate or reduce the risk. The significant hazards are based upon EN ISO 14121-1:2007. Also shown are
the sub-clause references to the safety requirements and/or protective measures in this standard. Before
using this standard it is important to carry out a risk assessment of lifts to check that it has the hazards
identified in this clause.
Table 1 — Hazards relating to the general design and construction of lifts for persons and materials
Hazards Relevant clauses in this standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Crushing 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.6, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.2 Shearing 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.3 Cutting or severing 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.4 Entanglement 5.7.2
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7
1.6 Impact 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
1.8 Friction or abrasion 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 7.1.2
1.10 Ejection of parts 5.6.1.2
1.11 Loss of stability 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.6.3, 7.1.2.7.3
1.12 Slip, trip and fall 5.5, 5.6.1, 7.1.2.7.3
2 Electrical hazards
2.1 Electrical contact 5.8, 7.1.2.7.3
2.4 External influences 5.7.4.10, 5.8.3
3 Thermal hazards Not applicable
8 Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles in machine design
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.1, 5.6.1.3.2, 7.1.2.7.3
8.2 Inadequate consideration of human 5.5, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.7
hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy
8.4 Inadequate area lighting 5.8.8, 7.1.2.7.3
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress 5.9
8.6 Human error 5.6.3, 5.9, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8, 7.3
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy
supply, breaking down of machinery
parts and other functional disorders
10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.7.4.1, 5.8.2, 7.1.2.5
10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or 5.7.2.3
fluids
10.3 Failure or malfunction of control system 5.9.2.2, 5.9.3, 5.9.6
10.4 Errors of fitting 5.4.1, 7.1.2.7
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine 5.2, 5.3, 7.1.2.7
stability
11 Hazards caused by missing and/or
incorrectly positioned safety related
measures/means
11.1 Guards 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 7.1.2.7
11.2 Safety related (protection) devices 5.5, 5.6.1.2, 7.1.2.7
Table 1 (continued)
Hazards Relevant clauses in this standard
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.9.5, 5.9.7, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.8
11.4 Safety signs and signals 7.2
11.5 Information or warning devices 5.6.3, 7.2
11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.9.6
11.7 Emergency devices 5.6.2, 5.10, 7.1.2.5, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.10
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for 7.1.2.5, 7.1.2.7, 7.1.2.10
safe adjusting and/or maintaining
Hazards due to mobility
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working
5.8.8, 7.1.2.7.3
area
16 Hazards due to lifting operations
16.1 Lack of stability 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 7.1.2.7
16.2 Derailment of the car 5.4.1, 5.6.1
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery 5.2, 5.3, 5.6.3, 5.7, 7.1.2.10
and lifting accessories
16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled 5.5.3, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.8
movement
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the
5.5, 5.6.1, 7.1.2.8
moving parts
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.2, 7.1.2.8
20 Overloading or overcrowding of the car
5.7.3, 7.1.2.8
21 Unexpected movement of the car in 5.7, 5.9.7.1.2, 5.9.7.2.3, 5.10.4
response to external controls or other
movements of the machine
22 Excess speed 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7
23 Persons falling from the car 5.6.1
24 The car falling or overturning
5.4.1, 5.6.2, 5.7, 5.9.7.2.2
25 Excess acceleration or braking of the 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7.4.5, 7.1.2.10
car
26 Due to imprecise markings
7.2, 7.3
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
The design of the lift shall consider intended use, erection, dismantling, inspection and maintenance.
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and
EN ISO 12100-2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g.
sharp edges)
The design of all components that have to be handled during erection e.g. mast sections, shall have their
weight assessed against manual handling. Where the permissible weight for manual handling is exceeded,
the manufacturer shall give recommendations in the instruction handbook concerning suitable lifting
equipment.
All removable and detachable covers shall be retained by captive fastenings.
5.2 Load combinations and calculations
5.2.1 The structure of the lift shall be designed and constructed in such a way that its strength is satisfactory
under all intended conditions, including erection and dismantling.
The design of the structure of the lift as a whole and each part of it shall be based on the effects of any
possible combination of loads as specified in this Sub-clause 5.2. The load combinations shall consider the
least favourable locations of the car and load relative to the mast and its ties, both during the vertical passage
of the car and any horizontal movement of the car. Ties between the mast and the supporting structure are
considered to be part of the lift structure.
These load combinations are summarised in Table 2 — Load cases and safety factors.
Use of forces, load combinations and formulas in accordance with EN 81-1:1998 is accepted for permanent
installed lifts. Forces and load combinations not covered by EN 81-1:1998 such as mobility, wind forces and
rated load shall be calculated according to this standard.
5.2.2 When calculating the lift structure and every related component, the following forces and loads shall be
taken into account:
5.2.2.1 All dead weights with the exception of the car and equipment which moves together with the car.
5.2.2.2 Dead weights of the unloaded car and all equipment which moves together with the car.
5.2.2.3 Dead weight of landing platforms and gates, if supported by the lift.
5.2.2.4 Rated load.
5.2.2.4.1 Rated load evenly distributed over the floor area of the car. Where the uniform distribution of the
rated load over the full area of the car floor is less than 4,0 kN/m then, for calculation purposes a minimum of
4,0 kN/m shall be placed over the whole area of the car floor.
5.2.2.4.2 For rated loads greater than 5,0 kN the forces during loading and unloading (see Figure 1) shall
be considered as the concurrent effect of a vertical force and a horizontal force, each calculated as follows:
 a vertical force F of 2,0 kN per 1,0 m width of the car entrance, but not less than 1,5 kN;
V
 a horizontal force F of 10 % of the rated load, but not less than 0,3 kN;
H
both forces acting at the middle of the width of the car entrance, at floor level. The stresses in the mast and
also in the car shall be calculated for at least the following application points of the loading and unloading
forces:
a) the car threshold;
b) the leading edge of any ramp or other extension, which is not supported by the landing.
At the same time any remaining part of the rated load shall be applied in the centre of the car floor (F ).
V1
Equivalent forces shall be used to design the landing threshold and all relevant supporting structures.
Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces.

Figure 1 — One example of forces during loading and unloading
5.2.2.5 The effect of moving loads shall be determined by taking the weight of all actual loads (car, rated
= (1,1 + 0,264v) where v is the rated speed
load, wire ropes etc.) and multiplying them by an impact factor µ
in m/s.
5.2.2.6 To determine the forces produced by an operation of the overspeed safety device, the sum total of
the travelling load shall be multiplied by the factor according to EN 81-1:1998, Annex G, Clause 4.4.
A lower factor, but not less than 1,2 can be used if it can be verified by test under all conditions of loading up
to 1,3 times rated load including any inertia effects of the drive unit.
5.2.2.7 The car roof, if intended to be accessible for erection, dismantling, maintenance or emergency
escape, shall be designed to withstand a load of at least 2,0 kN placed on the least favourable square area of
1,0 m . The roof shall also withstand a load of 1,2 kN applied on any area of 0,1 × 0,1 m without permanent
deformation.
5.2.2.8 The car roof intended not to be used as support for persons shall withstand load of 1,2 kN applied
on any point of 0,1 × 0,1 m without breakage.
5.2.2.9 The car floor surface shall be designed to withstand without permanent deformation a static force of
1,5 kN or 25 % of the rated load, whichever is the greater, the force applied on the least favourable square
area of 0,1 m × 0,1 m.
5.2.2.10 Design wind conditions
5.2.2.10.1 General
The aerodynamic pressure q is given by the general equation:
v
w
q=
1,6
where q is the pressure in N/m and v the wind velocity in m/s.
W
In all cases it shall be assumed that the wind can blow horizontally in any direction and the least favourable
direction shall be taken into account.
5.2.2.10.2 In service and out of service wind conditions
The calculation shall be done according to EN 13001-2:2004 with the exception of the following:
When calculating wind pressure on the car it shall be assumed that the car walls are solid and an
aerodynamic coefficient of c = 1,2 shall be applied. The factor 1,2 covers both the shape factor and the
shielding factor.
5.2.2.10.3 Erection and dismantling wind
Irrespective of height, the minimum value for wind pressure shall be q = 100 N/m , which corresponds to a
wind velocity of v = 12,5 m/s.
W
5.2.2.11 Forces created by the buffers shall be calculated allowing for a retardation of 1 g.
5.2.2.12 Forces due to mobility and deflection of the crane:
a) vertical force:
 a vertical force F depending on the speed of the crane caused by travelling on uneven surface
v
(EN 13001-2:2004, Chapter 4.1.2.3);
b) horizontal moving parts:
1) horizontal forces due to the movements of the crane structure to which the lift is fitted (e. g. travelling,
slewing etc. as well as emergency stops);
2) a horizontal force F according to the acceleration and deceleration of the crane shall be taken into
H
account:
 F = m × a;
H
 a = acceleration and deceleration [m/s ];
 m = mass [kg] (all loads, moving with the crane);
c) buffer forces due to the crane motion;
d) horizontal forces due to deflection of the crane structure to which the lift is fitted, see 5.4.2.
Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces.
5.2.2.13 For overload testing a load of 1,25 rated load shall be used evenly distributed on the lift car floor.
5.2.3 Load cases, the different combinations of loads and forces which are to be calculated.
Table 2 — Load cases and safety factors
Load case A Load case B Load case C
Clause of EN
Loads No.
81-43:2009
γ γ γ
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
p p p
All dead
weights with
5.2.2.1 1 1,22 1 1 1,16 1 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
the exception
of the car
Dead weights
µ µ µ µ µ
5.2.2.2 of the 2 1,22 1 1,16 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1
unloaded car
Rated load
Nor-
µ µ µ µ
5.2.2.4 evenly 3 1,34 1,22 1,1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
mal
distributed
use
Loading and
5.2.2.4.2 4 1,34 1 1,22 1 1,1
unloading
Vertical forces
φ φ φ φ φ
5.2.2.12 5 1,34 1,22 1,1
4 4 4 4 4
due to mobility
Horizontal
φ φ φ φ φ
5.2.2.12 forces due to 6 1,34 1,22 1,1
5 5 5 5 5
mobility
Wind in
services
5.2.2.10 according to 7  1,16 1 1 1,1
EN 13001-
Excep
2:2004
tional
force EN 13001-
Snow and ice 8  1,22 1 1 1,1 1
2:2004
EN 13001-
Temperature 9  1,16 1 1 1,05 1
2:2004
Wind out of
service
5.2.2.10 according to 10    1,1 1
EN 13001-
2:2004
Erection and
5.2.2.10.3 dismantling 11    1,1    1
wind
Evenly
µ
5.2.2.13 distributed test 12    1,1
load
Forces created
Occas
5.2.2.11 by the buffers 13    1,1 1
-ional
of the lift
forces
Forces created
φ
5.2.2.12 by the buffers 14    1,1
of the crane
Forces created
5.9.5 by emergency 15    1,1  1 1
stop of the lift
Forces created
by emergency
stop of the
φ φ
5.2.2.12 16    1,1
5 5
crane
EN 13001-
2:2004
Erecting/
17    1,1    1
dismantling
Resis-
Steel 18 1,1  1,1  1,1
tance
Coeffi
cient
Aluminium 19 1,27  1,27 1,27
γ
M
Table 2 (continued)
γ Partial safety factor EN 13001-2:2004
p
Resistance Coefficient
γ
M
φ
Dynamic factor for loads caused by travelling on uneven surface (EN 13001-2:2004)
φ Dynamic factor for loads caused by acceleration of all crane drives (EN 13001-2:2004)
φ Dynamic factor for loads due to buffer forces (EN 13001-2:2004)
A1 Normal use of the lift and normal use of the crane (lifting and lowering crane load)
A2 Loading and unloading of the lift and normal use crane
B1 A1+ wind in service, snow and temperature
B2 A2+ wind in Service, snow and temperature
C1 Lift and crane out of service
C2 Lift contacts the buffer
C3 Crane contacts the buffer
C4 Emergency stop of the lift
C5 Emergency stop of the crane
C6 Loss of electric power
C7 Erection and dismantling of the lift
C8 Triggering of overspeed safety device (lift)
C9 Overload test with 1,25 rated load
A – Load combination A contains loads for normal use of crane and lift
B – Load combination B contains loads for normal use combined with exceptional loads
C – Load combination C contains loads for normal use combined with occasional loads

5.2.4 Proof of static strength
5.2.4.1 Generally
For the proof of static strength, consider generally CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004 for steel. This includes guidance
for the analysis of structural members and their connections (e.g. fatigue, welding, bolts). For aluminium
consider EN 1999-1-1:2007.
5.2.4.2 Limit design stresses for steel and aluminium
The limit design stresses are given as:
The limit design stress f , used for the design of structural members, is calculated as follows:
Rd
f
yK
f = for normal stresses (1)
R,d
γ
m
f
yk
f = for shear stresses (2)
R,d
3×γ
m
f is the nominal value of the yield strength of the material.
y,k
5.2.5 Fatigue stress analysis of drive and braking system components
5.2.5.1 A fatigue stress analysis shall be made for all load bearing components and joints which are critical
to fatigue, such as shafts and gearing. This analysis shall take into account the degree of stress fluctuation
and the number of stress cycles, which can be a multiple of the number of load cycles.
To determine the number of stress cycles, the manufacturer shall take the following into account:
a) 50 % of the movements with 50 % of the rated load in the car;
b) 50 % of the movements with empty car;
c) for the calculation of the drives each movement consists of acceleration from rest to rated speed travel at
rated speed for nominal travel distance – deceleration to full stop. (see also 7.1.2.10).
For each component the least favourable combination of upwards and downwards movements shall be taken
into account.
The number of movements is based on 1,6 × 10 – intermittent duty (e.g. 20 years, 50 weeks per year,
80 hours per week, 1 movement per hour). Nominal travel distance shall be 35 m.
The number of movements for lifts installed on tower cranes under construction site conditions is based on
1,6 × 10 – intermittent duty (e.g. 10 years, 40 weeks per year, 40 movements per week). Nominal travel
distance shall be 50 m.
5.2.5.2 Each shaft shall possess a minimum safety factor of 2,0 against the appropriate endurance limit,
taking into account all notch effects.
5.3 Base frame
The base frame shall be designed to accommodate all forces acting on it generated by the lift and be able to
transfer them onto the supporting surface. Special consideration shall be given to the forces described
in 5.2.2.12.
5.4 Mast, ties and buffers
5.4.1 Guide rails and masts
5.4.1.1 The car shall be guided by rigid guide rails and elements allowing only travel of the car in the
intended direction. The car shall be guided over its full length of travel including the overrun at top and bottom.
The deflection for temporary lifts of any part of the car, guide rails and elements shall be limited such that no
collision (e.g. with the landings) can occur (under all circumstances). The operational clearances specified in
the standard shall always be maintained. For permanent lifts the requirements in EN 81-1:1998,
Clause 10.1.2.2 applies.
5.4.1.2 Guide rails and elements shall be so designed that they can withstand all load cases as stipulated
in 5.2.
5.4.1.3 Connections between individual lengths of guide rails shall maintain alignment. Loosening shall
only be possible by an intentional manual action.
5.4.1.4 Connections between mast sections shall provide effective load transfer. Loosening shall only be
possible by an intentional manual action.

5.4.1.5 Attachments of drive elements (e.g. rack) to the mast shall ensure that the drive element is kept in
correct position so that the stipulated loads can be transferred to the mast and that the fixings are ensured
from coming loose.
5.4.2 Ties for mast and guide rails
The ties shall be so designed that they take care of the movements of the supporting structures (e.g. tower
crane mast) and withstand the load cases according to 5.2. Special attention shall be paid to forces generated
during erection and dismantling.
5.4.3 Buffers
5.4.3.1 The travel of the car shall be limited at the bottom of its travel by buffers.
5.4.3.2 With rated load in the car and at a speed equal to triggering speed of the overspeed safety device,
the average retardation of the car during action of the buffers shall not exceed 1 g, with no peak exceeding
2,5 g for more than 0,04 seconds (consider rated load in the car plus inertia effects of the motors).
(see 5.2.2.11)
5.4.3.3 If fitted, oil buffers shall be provided with a means for checking the oil level. An electrical safety
switch shall monitor the stroke of the oil buffer so that the car cannot be driven by the normal operating means
unless the buffer is in its normal extended position.
5.5 Liftway protection and landing access
5.5.1 General
A lift, when installed for use, shall have a protected liftway and protected landings.
These shall prevent persons from being struck by moving parts, and from falling from a height.
5.5.2 Liftway protection
5.5.2.1 Where the vertical distance between any part of the car, when resting on fully compressed buffers,
and an accessible base level is less than 2,5 m, a lift base enclosure shall protect all sides to a height of at
least 2,0 m and shall conform to 5.5.4 and EN ISO 13857:2008, Table 1.
5.5.2.2 When, e.g. for maintenance purposes, the base enclosure is accessed by the landing gate at base
level, this shall be openable from the inside without a key or any tool.
5.5.2.3 In order to prevent falling from a height down the liftway guards shall be provided in accordance
with EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Table 7.
5.5.2.4 Where it is possible to reach into the liftway, the protection shall be in accordance with
EN ISO 13857:2008 except for temporary lifts with a clearance greater than 0,5 m if the rated speed is not
more than 0,4 m/s
5.5.3 Landing access
5.5.3.1 When the lift is erected, it shall be provided with landing gates in the liftway protection at every
point of entry including the base enclosure.
5.5.3.2 Landing gates shall not open towards the liftway.

5.5.3.3 The landing gates shall comply with the requirements in 5.5.4. Where the gate is made from
imperforate material, the user shall be able to see that the car is at the landing. Requirements for indicators
are given in EN 81-1:1998, Clause 7.6.2.
5.5.3.4 Horizontal and vertical sliding gates shall be guided, and t
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