EN ISO 13857:2008

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 294:1997
SIST EN 294:1997/AC:2003
SIST EN 811:1998
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Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von
Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2008)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empechant les membres supérieurs et
inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13857:2008
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13857
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2008
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996
English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones
being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das
les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und
dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008) unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13857:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3
Annex ZA (informative)  Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .4
Annex ZB (informative)  Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .5

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13857:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 "Safety of machinery", the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directives.
For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13857:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13857:2008 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the corresponding Essential Requirements 1.1.2, 1.3.7, 1.4.1 of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the
scope of this standard.
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the corresponding Essential Requirements 1.1.2, 1.3.7, 1.4.1 of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13857
First edition
2008-03-01
Safety of machinery — Safety distances
to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les
membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses

Reference number
ISO 13857:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 13857:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 13857:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs . 2
4.1 General. 2
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs . 3
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs. 11
Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values . 13
Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs . 16
Bibliography . 17

Figure 1 — Reaching upwards . 3
Figure 2 — Reaching over protective structure . 4
Figure 3 — Openings of irregular shape . 10
Figure A.1 — Example 1 — Table 2. 13
Figure A.2 — Example 2 — Table 2. 14
Figure A.3 — Example 3 — Table 2. 15
Figure B.1 — Impeding free movement under protective structures. 16

Table 1 — Reaching over protective structures — Low risk. 5
Table 2 — Reaching over protective structures — High risk. 6
Table 3 — Reaching around with limitation of movement. 7
Table 4 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 14 years of age and above . 8
Table 5 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 3 years of age and above . 9
Table 6 — Reaching around with additional protective structures . 11
Table 7 — Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs. 12
Table B.1 — Distances where access of the lower limbs is restricted . 16

ISO 13857:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13857 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This first edition of ISO 13857 cancels and replaces ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998, of which it
constitutes a technical revision. Annex A, giving guidance on how to use Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate
values, has been added, and the former Annex A of ISO 13853 has become Annex B.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 13857:2008(E)
Introduction
This document is a type B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the
provisions of this type B standard.
One method of eliminating or reducing risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances
preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as
⎯ reach situations occurring when machinery is being used,
⎯ reliable surveys of anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in the
countries concerned,
⎯ biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint rotation,
⎯ technical and practical aspects, and
⎯ additional measures for particular groups of persons (e.g. persons with special needs), which could be
required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13857:2008(E)

Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for
protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs
(see 4.3).
th
This International Standard covers people of 14 years and older (the 5 percentile stature of 14 year olds is
approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than
th
3 years (5 percentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings
needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances
depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard zones
even when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with.
NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example, radiation
and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken.
The clauses of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not
foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions
specified (see 4.1.1).
NOTE 3 This International Standard is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing
over.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 13857:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply.
3.1
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which
restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
3.2
safety distance
safe separation distance
s
r
minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone
4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this International Standard have been derived by making the following assumptions:
⎯ the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
⎯ safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body;
⎯ persons may force parts of the body over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reach
the hazard zone;
⎯ the reference plane is a level at which persons would normally stand, but is not necessarily the floor
(e.g. a working platform could be the reference plane);
⎯ there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, climbing
and jumping are not included);
⎯ no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
⎯ no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
Before determining the safety distance that prevents people from reaching hazard zones it is necessary to
decide whether to use values for high or low risk. Thus a risk assessment (see ISO 12100-1 and
ISO 14121-1) shall be conducted. The risk assessment shall be based on the probability of occurrence of an
injury and the foreseeable severity of that injury. An analysis of the technical and human elements on which
the risk assessment is dependent is essential to achieving the appropriate selection of data from this
International Standard. The risk assessment shall take into account all accesses. Where several tables are
used, the most restricting values shall be taken (see examples in Annex A).
NOTE 1 Aspects of frequency, duration, energy, speed and shape of contact surface need to be taken into account
when establishing the risk of injury (see ISO 14121-1).
Where there is a low risk, at least the values in Table 1 shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.1).
Where the risk is not low, Table 2, the high risk table, shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.2).
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 13857:2008(E)
NOTE 2 Only risks arising from hazards such as friction or abrasion, where long-term or irreversible damage to the
body
...