EN ISO 18243:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
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Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles - Test specifications and safety
requirements for lithium-ion battery systems (ISO 18243:2017)
Elektrisch angetriebene Kleinkrafträder und Motorräder - Spezifikationen und
Sicherheitsanforderungen für Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesysteme (ISO 18243:2017)
Cyclomoteurs et motocycles à propulsion électrique - Spécifications d'essai et exigences
de sécurité pour les systèmes de batterie au lithium-ion (ISO 18243:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18243:2019
ICS:
43.140 Motorna kolesa in mopedi Motorcycles and mopeds
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 18243
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 43.140
English Version
Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles - Test
specifications and safety requirements for lithium-ion
battery systems (ISO 18243:2017)
Cyclomoteurs et motocycles à propulsion électrique - Elektrisch angetriebene Kleinkrafträder und
Spécifications d'essai et exigences de sécurité pour les Motorräder - Spezifikationen und
systèmes de batterie au lithium-ion (ISO 18243:2017) Sicherheitsanforderungen für Lithium-Ionen-
Batteriesysteme (ISO 18243:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 January 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18243:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO 18243:2017 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22 "Road vehicles” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 18243:2019
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 301 “Road vehicles” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2019, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18243:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18243:2019 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18243
First edition
2017-04
Electrically propelled mopeds and
motorcycles — Test specifications and
safety requirements for lithium-ion
battery systems
Cyclomoteurs et motocycles à propulsion électrique — Spécifications
d’essai et exigences de sécurité pour les systèmes de batterie au
lithium-ion
Reference number
ISO 18243:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 18243:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 18243:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 General requirements . 5
5.1 General conditions . 5
5.2 Tests . 5
5.3 Test procedure . 6
5.4 Preparation of the DUT for testing. 7
5.4.1 Preparation of battery pack . 7
5.4.2 Preparation of battery system . 7
6 General test methods . 8
6.1 Pre-conditioning cycles . 8
6.1.1 Purpose . 8
6.1.2 Test procedure . 8
6.2 Standard cycle (SC) . 8
6.2.1 Purpose . 8
6.2.2 Test procedure . 8
7 Performance test . 9
7.1 Energy and capacity at RT . 9
7.1.1 Purpose . 9
7.1.2 Test procedure . 9
7.1.3 Requirement .10
7.2 Energy and capacity at different temperature and discharge rates .10
7.2.1 Purpose .10
7.2.2 Test procedure .10
7.2.3 Requirements .12
7.3 Power and internal resistance .13
7.3.1 Purpose .13
7.3.2 Pulse power characterization profile .13
7.3.3 Test procedure .17
7.3.4 Requirements .18
7.4 No load SOC loss .19
7.4.1 Purpose .19
7.4.2 Test procedure .19
7.4.3 Test sequence . . .20
7.4.4 Requirement .20
7.5 SOC loss at storage .21
7.5.1 Purpose .21
7.5.2 Test procedure .21
7.5.3 Test sequence . . .21
7.5.4 Requirement .22
7.6 Cycle life .22
7.6.1 Purpose .22
7.6.2 Test procedure .22
7.6.3 Requirements .22
8 Safety and reliability test .23
8.1 Vibration .23
8.1.1 Purpose .23
ISO 18243:2017(E)
8.1.2 Test procedure .23
8.1.3 Requirements .23
8.2 Mechanical shock .23
8.2.1 Purpose .23
8.2.2 Test procedure .23
8.2.3 Requirements .24
8.3 Drop .24
8.3.1 Purpose .24
8.3.2 Test procedure .24
8.3.3 Requirements .24
8.4 Thermal shock .24
8.4.1 Purpose .24
8.4.2 Test procedure .24
8.4.3 Requirements .24
8.5 Water immersion .25
8.5.1 Purpose .25
8.5.2 Test procedure .25
8.5.3 Requirements .25
8.6 Fire . .25
8.6.1 Purpose .25
8.6.2 Test procedure .25
8.6.3 Requirements .26
8.7 Overtemperature condition .26
8.7.1 Purpose .26
8.7.2 Test procedure .26
8.7.3 Requirements .26
8.8 Short circuit protection .27
8.8.1 Purpose .27
8.8.2 Test procedure .27
8.8.3 Requirements .27
8.9 Overcharge protection .27
8.9.1 Purpose .27
8.9.2 Test procedure .27
8.9.3 Requirements .28
8.10 Over discharge protection .28
8.10.1 Purpose .28
8.10.2 Test procedure .28
8.10.3 Requirements .28
8.11 Dewing .29
8.11.1 Purpose .29
8.11.2 Test procedure .29
8.11.3 Requirements .29
8.12 Salt spray .30
8.12.1 Purpose .30
8.12.2 Test procedure .31
8.12.3 Requirements .31
Annex A (informative) Battery pack and system.32
Annex B (informative) Description of the screen referenced in 8.6 .36
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 18243:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 38,
Motorcycles and mopeds.
ISO 18243:2017(E)
Introduction
Lithium-ion based battery systems are an efficient alternative energy storage system for electrically
propelled mopeds and motorcycles. The requirements for lithium-ion based battery systems to be used
as power source for the propulsion of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles are significantly
different to those batteries used for consumer electronics or stationary usage.
This document provides specific test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems specifically
developed for propulsion of mopeds and motorcycles. This document specifies such tests and related
requirements to ensure that a battery pack or system is able to meet the specific needs of the mopeds
and motorcycles industry.
It enables mopeds and motorcycles manufacturers to choose test procedures to evaluate the
characteristics of a battery pack or system for their specific requirements.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18243:2017(E)
Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles — Test
specifications and safety requirements for lithium-ion
battery systems
1 Scope
This document specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in
electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.
The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics
on performance, safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. The user is also
supported to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems.
This document enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject
to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test
conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in
this document to configure a dedicated test plan.
NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of
electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in
the EU Directive 2002/24/EC.
NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660 (all parts).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13063, Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles — Safety specifications
ISO 16750-1, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 1: General
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-47, Environmental testing — Part 2-47: Tests – Mounting of specimens for vibration, impact
and similar dynamic tests
IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing — Part 2-52: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium, chloride
solution).
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
ISO 18243:2017(E)
3.1
battery control unit
BCU
electronic device that controls, manages, detects, or calculates electric and thermal functions of the
battery system and that provides communication between the battery system and other mopeds and
motorcycles controllers
3.2
battery pack
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies normally connected with cell electronics,
high voltage circuit and over current shut-off device including electrical interconnections, interfaces for
external systems (e.g. cooling, high voltage, auxiliary low voltage and communication)
Note 1 to entry: See A.2 for further explanation.
3.3
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical
circuits and electronics (e.g. BCU, contactors)
Note 1 to entry: See A.3.1 and A.3.2 for further explanation. Battery system components can also be distributed
in different devices within the vehicle.
3.4
capacity
total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified
conditions
3.5
cell electronics
electronic device that collects and possibly monitors thermal and electrical data of cells or cell
assemblies and contains electronic for cell balancing, if necessary
Note 1 to entry: The cell electronics can include a cell controller. The functionality of cell balancing can be
controlled by the cell electronics or it can be controlled by the BCU.
3.6
energy round trip efficiency
ratio of the net DC energy (W·h discharge) delivered by a DUT during a discharge test to the total DC
energy (W·h charge) required to restore the initial SOC by a standard charge
3.7
rated capacity
suppliers specification of the total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged
battery pack or system for a specified set of test conditions such as discharge rate, temperature,
discharge cut-off voltage, etc.
3.8
room temperature
RT
temperature of (25 ± 2) °C
3.9
device under test
DUT
battery pack or battery system
3.10
sign of battery current
discharge current is specified as positive and the charge current as negative
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 18243:2017(E)
3.11
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery pack or system expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
3.12
standard charge for top off
SCH
additional charge which eliminates possible SOC reduction after SCH at RT followed by thermal
equilibration at a different temperature
3.13
voltage class A
classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum working voltage of ≤30 V a.c. or ≤60 V
d.c., respectively
Note 1 to entry: For more details, see ISO 6469-3.
3.14
voltage class B
classification of an electric component or circuit with a maximum voltage of (>30 and ≤1 000) V a.c. or
(>60 and ≤1 500) V d.c., respectively
3.15
maximum working voltage
highest value of a.c. voltage (r.m.s.) or of d.c. voltage which may occur in an electrical system under any
normal operating conditions according to the manufacturer’s specifications, disregarding transients
3.16
isolation resistance
resistance between live parts of voltage class B electric circuit and the electric chassis as well as the
voltage class A system
3.17
rupture
loss of mechanical integrity of the enclosure of the DUT resulting in openings that do not fulfil protection
degree IPXXB according to ISO 20653
3.18
explosion
sudden release of energy sufficient to cause pressure waves and/or projectiles that may cause structural
and/or physical damage to the surrounding of the DUT
Note 1 to entry: The kinetic energy of flying debris from the battery back or system may be sufficient to cause
damage as well.
3.19
fire
continuous emission of flames from a DUT (approximately more than 1 s)
Note 1 to entry: Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
3.20
venting
release of excessive pressure from a DUT intended by design
3.21
leakage
escape of liquid or gas from a DUT regardless of venting (pressure release device for cell) or not
ISO 18243:2017(E)
3.22
customer
party interested in using the battery pack or system and, therefore, orders or performs the test
EXAMPLE A moped/motorcycle manufacturer.
3.23
supplier
party that provides battery systems and packs
EXAMPLE A battery manufacturer.
3.24
thermal equilibration
DUT achieving the thermal target
3.25
thermal equilibrium
thermal balance of the cell among the DUT
3.26
battery pack subsystem
representative portion of the battery pack
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
BCU battery control unit
C capacity, expressed in ampere-hours (A·h)
nC current rate equal to n times the 1 h discharge capacity expressed in ampere (e.g. 5C is equal
to five times the 1 h current discharge rate, expressed in A)
DUT device under test
EODV end of discharge voltage
I maximum continuous discharge current specified by the manufacturer for energy and ca-
d max
pacity testing
I maximum discharge pulse current specified by the manufacturer for power, internal resist-
dp max
ance and energy efficiency testing
r.m.s. root mean square
RT room temperature (25 ± 2) °C
SC standard cycle
SCH standard charge
SDCH standard discharge
SOC state of charge
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 18243:2017(E)
5 General requirements
5.1 General conditions
A battery pack or system to be tested according to this document shall fulfil the following requirements:
— electrical safety design shall be approved according to the requirements given in ISO 13063; and
— necessary documentation for operation and needed interface parts for connection to the test
equipment (i.e. connectors, plugs including cooling) shall be delivered together with the DUT.
A battery system shall enable the specified tests, i.e. via specified test modes implemented in the BCU
and shall be able to communicate with the test bench via common communication buses.
If not otherwise specified, the tests described apply to battery packs/systems. The status of the DUT,
e.g. new product, tested or used, shall be agreed upon between customer and supplier before testing.
The history of the DUT shall be documented.
If not otherwise specified, before each test the DUT shall be stabilized at the test temperature for a
minimum of 12 h and the BCU, if any, shall be switched off. This period may be reduced if the thermal
equilibration of the DUT is reached. Thermal equilibration is fulfilled when, after a period of 1 h, the
change among all available cell temperature measuring points is lower than 4 °C .
If not otherwise specified, each charge and each SOC change shall be followed by a rest period of 30 min.
The accuracy of external measurement equipment shall be at least within the following tolerances:
— voltage: ±0,5 %;
— current: ±0,5 %; and
— temperature: ±1 K.
The overall accuracy of externally controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
values, shall be at least within the following tolerances:
— voltage: ±1 %;
— current: ±1 %;
— temperature: ±2 K;
— time: ±0,1 %;
— mass: ±0,1 %; and
— dimensions: ±0,1 %.
All values (time, temperature, current and voltage) shall be recorded at least every 1 % of the estimated
discharge and charge time, except if it is noted otherwise in the individual test procedure.
5.2 Tests
An overview about the tests is given in Figure 1, where the references to the specific clauses are also given.
ISO 18243:2017(E)
Figure 1 — Overview of the tests
5.3 Test procedure
The test sequence and sample numbers for an individual battery pack or system, or a battery pack
subsystem, shall be based on agreement between customer and supplier. The basic suggestion of test
procedure is listed in Table 1.
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 18243:2017(E)
Table 1 — Test procedure
Seq Test type Test procedure Sample SN
# #
1 Pre-conditioning cycles (6.1) 1 –20
# #
2 Standard cycle (6.2) 1 –20
General tests
# #
3 Standard discharge (6.2.2.2) 1 –20
# #
4 Standard charge (6.2.2.3) 1 –20
# #
5 Energy and capacity at RT (7.1) 1 –20
Energy and capacity at different temperature and discharge
#
6 1
rates (7.2)
#
7 Power and internal resistance (7.3) 2
Performance tests
#
8 No load SOC loss (7.4) 3
#
9 SOC loss at storage (7.5) 4
#
10 Cycle life (7.6) 5
#
11 Vibration (8.1) 6
#
12 Mechanical shock (8.2) 7
#
13 Drop (8.3) 8
#
14 Thermal shock (cycle) (8.4) 9
#
15 Water immersion (8.5) 10
#
16 Fire (8.6) 11
Safety and
reliability tests #
17 Overtemperature condition (8.7) 12
#
18 Short circuit protection (8.8) 13
#
19 Overcharge protection (8.9) 14
#
20 Over discharge Protection (8.10) 15
#
21 Dewing (8.11) 16
#
22 Salt spray (8.12) 17
5.4 Preparation of the DUT for testing
5.4.1 Preparation of battery pack
If not otherwise specified, the battery pack shall be connected with voltage class B and voltage class A
connections to the test bench equipment. Contactors, available voltage, current and temperature data
shall be controlled according to the supplier’s requirements and according to the given test specification
by the test bench equipment. The passive overcurrent protection shall be maintained by the test bench
equipment, if necessary via disconnection of the battery pack main contactors. The cooling device can
be connected to the test bench equipment and operated according to the supplier’s requirements.
5.4.2 Preparation of battery system
If not otherwise specified, the battery system shall be connected with voltage class B, voltage class
A and cooling system and BCU to the test bench equipment. The battery system shall be controlled
by the BCU. The test bench equipment shall follow the operational limits provided by the BCU via
bus communication. The test bench equipment shall maintain the on/off requirements for the main
contactors and the voltage, current and temperature profiles according to the requested requirements
of the given test procedure. The battery system cooling device and the corresponding cooling loop at
the test bench equipment shall be operational according to the given test specifications and the controls
by the BCU. The BCU shall enable the test bench equipment to perform the requested test procedure
within the battery system operational limits. If necessary, the BCU program shall be adapted by the
supplier for the requested test procedure. The active and passive overcurrent protection device shall
ISO 18243:2017(E)
be operational by the battery system. Active overcurrent protection shall be maintained by the test
bench equipment, too, if necessary, via request of disconnection of the battery system main contactors.
6 General test methods
6.1 Pre-conditioning cycles
6.1.1 Purpose
The DUT shall be conditioned by performing some electrical cycles, before starting the tests of Clauses 7
and 8, in order to ensure an adequate stabilization of the battery pack or system performance.
This test applies to battery packs and systems.
6.1.2 Test procedure
The procedure shall be the following.
— The test shall be performed at RT.
— The discharges shall be performed at C/3 or at a different current if suggested and/or used
by the supplier in testing before delivery. The charging shall be performed according to the
recommendations of the supplier.
— Three consecutive preconditioning cycles shall be performed. If agreed between customer and
supplier, only two cycles shall be performed.
— At end of discharge, the battery pack or system voltage shall not go below the minimum voltage
recommended by the supplier (the minimum voltage is the lowest voltage under discharge without
irreversible damage).
6.2 Standard cycle (SC)
6.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of the SC is to ensure the same initial condition for each test of a battery pack or system.
An SC, as described below, shall be performed prior to each test.
6.2.2 Test procedure
6.2.2.1 General
The SC shall be performed at RT. The SC shall comprise a standard discharge (SDCH; see 6.2.2.2),
followed by a standard charge (SCH; see 6.2.2.3).
If, for any reason, the time interval between the end of the SC and the start of a new test is longer than
3 h, the SC shall be repeated.
6.2.2.2 Standard discharge (SDCH)
Discharge rate: C/3 or other specific discharge regime according to the specifications given by the
supplier.
Discharge voltage limit: According to the specifications given by the supplier.
Rest period after discharge to reach a stable condition: 60 min.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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