ASTM D907-15(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D907 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Terminology of
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Materials (Withdrawn 1987)
D2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of defini-
Rocket Propellants (Withdrawn 2003)
tions used in the science and technology of the adhesives
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
defined in other readily available sources are not included.
D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented
Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend
as follows:
Tensile-Lap Specimen
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since
D4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties of
1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms
Structural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail Test
Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
D4317 Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume
Adhesives
15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.
D4499 Test Method for Heat Stability of Hot-Melt Adhe-
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is
sives (Withdrawn 2021)
shown following each definition. Also, the following codes are
D4680 Test Method for Creep and Time to Failure of
included after the year of publication to describe the type
Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading
change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E)
(Wood-to-Wood)
Edited.
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably foot-
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
noted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
standard.
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 3. Terminology
1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.
acceptance test, n—a test, or series of tests conducted by the
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
procuring agency, or an agent thereof, upon receipt to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determine whether an individual lot of materials conforms to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the purchase order or contract or to determine the degree of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
uniformity of the material supplied by the vendor, or both.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(Compare preproduction test and qualification test.)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
acid number, n—the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams
of potassium hydroxide, that is required to titrate acidic
2. Referenced Documents
constituents present in 1 g of sample. (1992) (A) D2849,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D20
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
adhere, v—to cause two surfaces to be held together by
D2849 Methods of Testing Urethane Foam Polyol Raw
adhesion.
adherend, n—a body held to another body by an adhesive.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
adherend preparation, n—see surface preparation.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.04 on Terminology.
adhesion, n—the state in which two surfaces are held together
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D907 – 15. DOI:
by interphase forces.
10.1520/D0907-15R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D907 − 15 (2023)
mechanical adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces in adhesive dispersion, n—see dispersion. (Compare to emul-
which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking sion.)
action.
adhesive joint, n—location at which two adherends are held
together with adhesive.
specific adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces which are
held together by intermolecular forces of a chemical or
adhesive-joint failure, n—the locus of fracture occurring in an
physical nature. (2000) (R)
adhesively-bonded joint resulting in a loss of load-carrying
capability. (See also adhesion failure and cohesion failure.)
adhesion failure, n—rupture of an adhesive bond in which the
separation appears visually to be at the adhesive/adherend (1995) (A)
interface.
substrate failure, n—in characterizing the locus of an
adhesion promoter, n—a substance used to improve bonding
adhesive-joint failure, the fracture occurring within the
of the adhesive to the substrate. (Compare coupling agent
substrate. (See cohesion failure.)
and primer.)
aggressive tack, n—see aggressive tack under tack.
DISCUSSION—The adhesion promoter may be added to an adhesive
formulation or applied to the substrate. aging time, n—see joint conditioning time.
amylaceous, adj—pertaining to, or of the nature of, starch;
adhesive, n—a substance capable of holding materials together
starchy.
by surface attachment. (See also glue, gum, mucilage,
paste, resin, and sizing.)
anaerobic adhesive, n—an adhesive that is kept in the uncured
DISCUSSION—Adhesive is the general term and includes among others
state by oxygen, as in air, and that cures in the absence of
cement, glue, mucilage, and paste. These terms are loosely used
oxygen when exposed to metal ions, especially copper or
interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the term
iron. (1990) (A)
adhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:
(1) Physical form, that is, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive
apparent viscosity, n—in non-Newtonian behavior, the ratio of
(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive
the shearing stress to the rate of shear of a fluid, given at the
(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plastic
corresponding shearing stress.
adhesive
(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesive
assembly, n—see adhesive assembly.
adhesive, assembly, n—see assembly adhesive. assembly adhesive, n—an adhesive that can be used for
adhesive, bulk, n—see bulk adhesive. bonding parts together, such as in the manufacture of a boat,
adhesive, casein, n—see casein adhesive. airplane, furniture, and the like.
adhesive, cellular, n—see cellular adhesive. DISCUSSION—The term assembly adhesive is commonly used in the
wood industry to distinguish such adhesives (formerly called “joint
adhesive, cold-setting, n—see cold-setting adhesive.
glues”) from those used in making plywood (sometimes called “veneer
adhesive, contact, n—see contact adhesive.
glues”). It is applied to adhesives used in fabricating finished structures
adhesive, foamed, n—see foamed adhesive.
or goods, or subassemblies thereof, as differentiated from adhesives
adhesive, gap-filling, n—see gap-filling adhesive.
used in the production of sheet materials for sale as such, for example,
adhesive, heat activated, n—see heat activated adhesive.
plywood or laminates.
adhesive, hot-melt, n—see hot-melt adhesive.
assembly (for adhesives), n—a group of materials or parts,
adhesive, hot-setting, n—see hot-setting adhesive.
including adhesive, placed together for bonding or which has
adhesive, intermediate-temperature-setting, n—see
been bonded together.
intermediate-temperature-setting adhesive.
adhesive, mastic, n—see mastic adhesive.
assembly time, n—the time interval between applying the
adhesive, multiple-layer, n—see multiple-layer adhesive.
adhesive on the substrate and the application of pressure, or
adhesive, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, n—see polyvinyl ac-
heat, or both, to the assembly. (See also closed assembly
etate emulsion adhesive.
time and open assembly time.) (1990) (R)
adhesive, pressure-sensitive, n—see pressure-sensitive ad-
DISCUSSION—For assemblies involving multiple layers or parts, the
hesive.
assembly begins with applying the adhesive on the first substrate.
adhesive, room-temperature-setting, n—see room-
A-stage, n—an early stage in the preparation of certain
temperature-setting adhesive.
thermosetting resins, in which the material is still soluble in
adhesive, separate application, n—see separate-
certain liquids, and fusible.
application adhesive.
adhesive, solvent, n—see solvent adhesive.
autohesion, n—adhesion developed by interdiffusion of the
adhesive, solvent-activated, n—see solvent-activated adhe-
molecules of two surfaces of the same material and conse-
sive.
quent obliteration of the interface between them. (Some-
adhesive, structural, n—see structural adhesive.
times called “autoadhesion.”) (Compare blocking.) (1990)
adhesive, warm-setting, n—see warm-setting adhesive.
(A)
adhesive, urea-formaldehyde, n—see urea-formaldehyde
adhesive.
bag molding, n—a method of molding or bonding involving
adhesive, anaerobic, n—see anaerobic adhesive. the application of fluid pressure, usually by means of air,
D907 − 15 (2023)
steam, water, or vacuum, to a flexible cover which, some- built-up laminated wood, n—see built-up laminated wood
times in conjunction with the rigid die, completely encloses under wood laminate.
the material to be bonded.
bulk adherend, n—as related to interphase, the adherend,
unaltered by the adhesive. (Compare to bulk adhesive.)
batch, n—the manufactured unit or a blend of two or more
(1988) (A)
units of the same formulation and processing. (Compare
manufactured unit.) bulk adhesive, n—as related to interphase, the adhesive,
unaltered by the adherend. (Compare to bulk adherend.)
binder, n—in adhesive compounds, a component of an adhe-
(1988) (A)
sive composition that is primarily responsible for its me-
chanical strength and adhesion. (2005) (R)
casein adhesive, n—an aqueous colloidal dispersion of casein
that may be prepared with or without heat, may contain
blister, n—an elevation of the surface of varied contour and
modifiers, inhibitors, and secondary binders to provide
dimensions, with a void beneath it. (2005) (R)
specific adhesive properties, and includes a subclass, usually
blocked curing-agent, n—a curing or hardening agent tempo- identified as casein glue, that is based on a dry blend of
rarily rendered unreactive, which can be reactivated as
casein, lime, and sodium salts, mixed with water and
desired by physical or chemical means.
prepared without heat. (1989) (A)
blocking, n—an undesired adhesion between touching layers
catalyst, n—a substance that initiates or changes the rate of
of a material, such as occurs under moderate pressure during
chemical reaction, but is not consumed or changed by the
storage or use.
reaction. (See also hardener.) (Compare inhibitor.)
(1990) (R)
bond, n—the attachment between an adhesive and an adher-
end.
caul, n—a sheet of material employed singly or in pairs in hot
or cold pressing of assemblies being bonded.
edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint
DISCUSSION—A caul is used to protect either the faces of the assembly
made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain directions
or the press platens, or both, against marring and staining to prevent
parallel to form wider stock.
sticking; to facilitate press loading; to impart a desired surface texture
face joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint made
or finish; and to provide uniform pressure distribution.
by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain directions paral-
DISCUSSION—A caul may be made of any suitable material such as
lel to form thicker stock.
aluminum, stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic; the length
laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding and width dimensions being generally the same as those of the plates of
the press where it is used.
layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge to form
thicker or wider stock.
cellular adhesive, n—see foamed adhesive.
cement, n—see Discussion under adhesive.
bond, v—to join adherends by means of an adhesive.
cement, v—see bond.
bondline, n—the layer of adhesive which attaches two adher-
cleavage, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, a separation in the
ends. (See interphase.) (2005) (R)
joint caused by wedge or other crack-opening type action.
(1994) (A)
bond strength, n—the unit load applied to tension,
compression, flexure, peel, impact, cleavage, or shear, re-
cleavage-peel strength, n—the force per unit width of bond-
quired to break an adhesive assembly with failure occurring
line required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
in or near the plane of the bond. (See also adhesion and
other crack-opening type action of two adherends where one
bond.)
or both undergo significant bending. (1994) (A)
DISCUSSION—The term adherence is frequently used in place of bond
strength.
cleavage strength, n—the force per unit width of bond line
dry strength, n—the strength of an adhesive joint determined required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
immediately after drying under specified conditions or after a other crack-opening type action of two adherends.
period of conditioning in a standard laboratory atmosphere.
closed assembly time, n—the time between the assembling of
wet strength, n—the strength of an adhesive joint determined
adhesive-coated surfaces and the application of heat and/or
immediately after removal from a liquid in which it has been
pressure to set the adhesive.
immersed under specified conditions of time, temperature, and
cohesion, n—the state in which the constituents of a mass of
pressure.
material are held together by chemical and physical forces.
DISCUSSION—The term is commonly used alone to designate strength
after immersion in water. In latex adhesives the term is also used to (1992) (R)
describe the joint strength when the adherends are brought together
cohesion failure; cohesive failure, n—rupture of a bonded
with the adhesive still in the wet state.
assembly in which the separation appears visually to be in
B-stage, n—an intermediate stage in the reaction of certain
the adhesive or the adherend.
thermosetting resins in which the material swells when in
cohesive blocking, n—see blocking.
contact with certain liquids and softens when heated, but
may not entirely dissolve or fuse. cold flow—see creep.
D907 − 15 (2023)
cold pressing, n—a bonding operation in which an assembly is delamination, n—the separation of layers in a laminate be-
subjected to pressure without the application of heat. cause of failure of the adhesive, either in the adhesive itself
or at the interface between the adhesive and the adherend.
cold-setting adhesive, n—an adhesive that sets without the
application of heat.
delamination, v—the separation of layers in a laminate of
failure in or near the adhesive joint. (2008) (A)
colophony, n—see rosin.
condensation, n—a chemical reaction in which two or more diluent, n—a liquid additive, whose function is to reduce the
molecules combine with the separation of water or some
concentration of solids or viscosity, or both, of an adhesive.
other simple substance. (See also polymerization.) (2006) (R)
DISCUSSION—The process is called polycondensation if a polymer is
dispersion, n—a two-phase system in which one phase is
formed.
suspended in a liquid.
conditioning time, n—see joint conditioning time. (See also
doctor blade, n—A scraper mechanism that regulates the
curing time and setting time.)
dimensional thickness of adhesive on the spreader rolls or on
consistency, n—that property of a liquid adhesive by virtue of
the surface being coated. (Synonyms: doctor knife; doctor
which it tends to resist deformation. (See also viscosity and
bar.)
viscosity coefficient.)
DISCUSSION—Consistency is not a fundamental property but is
doctor roll, n—a revolving roller mechanism resulting in a
comprised of viscosity, plasticity, and other phenomena.
wiping action for regulating the adhesive supplied to the
contact adhesive, n—adhesive that is applied to both adher-
spreader roll.
ends and after a specified open assembly time will instantly
doctor roller, n—see doctor roll.
develop a bond when a firm but not sustained pressure is
double spread, n—see double spread under spread.
applied. (2005) (R)
double spread adhesive, n—an application of adhesive to both
contact bond adhesive, n—Synonym for contact adhesive.
adherends or as two layers on one adherend.
copolymer, n—see polymer.
dry, v—to change the physical state of an adhesive on an
copolymerization, n—see polymerization.
adherend or between adherends by the loss of solvent
coupling agent, n—a substance having functional groups that
constituents by evaporation or absorption, or both.
are capable of reacting with the surfaces of two different
dry bond adhesive, n—Synonym for contact adhesive.
substances, thereby chemically bridging them.
drying temperature, n—the temperature to which an adhesive
crazing, n—a fracture at or under the surface. (2005) (R)
or an assembly is subjected to dry the adhesive.
creep, n—in an adhesive, the time-dependent deformation
usually resulting from sustained stress (sometimes called drying time, n—the period of time during which an adhesive
or an assembly is allowed to dry, with or without the
cold flow). (2005) (R)
application of heat or pressure, or both.
creep strain, n—the total strain, at any given time, produced
by the applied stress during a creep test. (1992) (A) dry strength, n—see bond strength.
D2990, D20; D4680, D14
dry tack, n—see dry tack under tack.
durability, n—as related to adhesive joints, the endurance of
cross laminate, n—see cross laminate under laminate, n.
joint strength relative to the required service conditions.
crosslink, v—to form chemical bonds between molecules to
(1990) (A)
produce a three-dimensional network. (1991) (A)
DISCUSSION—Service conditions may include water and other
chemicals, temperature, stress, radiation, microorganisms, and other
C-stage, n—the final stage in the reaction of thermosetting
environmental factors.
resins, in which the material is practically insoluble and
infusible.
edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding
adherends edge to edge (with grain directions parallel) to
cure, v—to develop the strength properties of an adhesive by
form wider stock. (1992) (A)
chemical reaction.
elastomer, n—a macromolecular material that can withstand
curing agent, n—a substance or mixture of substances that
large strains on short time scales without permanent plastic
controls a curing reaction. (2005) (R)
deformation. (2006) (R)
curing temperature, n—the temperature to which an adhesive
emulsion, n—a heterogeneous system in which an immiscible
or an assembly is subjected to cure the adhesive.
liquid is distributed in fine drops in another liquid.
curing time, n—the period of time during which an assembly
DISCUSSION—The internal phase is sometimes described as the
is subjected to heat or pressure, or both, to cure the adhesive.
disperse phase. D2507, F07; D4317, D14
(See also joint-conditioning time, setting time.)
extender, n—substance added to an adhesive to reduce the
DISCUSSION—Further cure may take place after removal of the
assembly from the conditions of heat or pressure, or both. amount of the primary binder required per unit area.
D907 − 15 (2023)
failure, n—see adhesive-joint failure, adhesion failure, co- glue, v—see bond, v.
hesion failure and substrate failure. glue-laminated wood, n—see glue-laminated wood under
fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), n—a plastic that contains
wood laminate.
fibers in various forms such as cloth, mat, strands, or
glue line, n—Synonym for bondline.
chopped to enhance properties.
GLULAM, n—Synonym for structural-glued-laminated
fiber tear, n—in an FRP adhesively bonded joint, failure
timber. (1993) (A)
occurring exclusively within the fiber reinforced plastic
gum, n—any of a class of colloidal substances, exuded by or
matrix, characterized by the appearance of reinforcing fibers
prepared from plants, sticky when moist, composed of
on both ruptured surfaces. (Also called fiber tear failure.)
complex carbohydrates and organic acids, which are soluble
(1994) (A)
or swell in water. (See also adhesive, glue, n, and resin.)
fiber-tear failure, n—in an FRP adhesively bonded joint—see
DISCUSSION—The term gum is sometimes used loosely to denote
fiber tear. (1994) (A) various materials that exhibit gummy characteristics under certain
conditions, for example, gum balata, gum benzoin, and gum asphaltum.
filler, n—a solid material added to an adhesive to modify its
Gums are included by some in the category of natural resins.
strength, permanence, working properties, or other qualities,
hardener, n—Synonym for curing agent. (1991) (R)
or to lower cost. (2006) (R)
heat activated adhesive, n—a type of adhesive preapplied to
filler sheet, n—sheet of deformable or resilient material which,
one or both adherends, that is rendered tacky by application
when placed between the assembly to be bonded and the
of heat and forms a bond on cooling. (2006) (R)
pressure applicator, or when distributed within a stack of
assemblies, aids in providing uniform application of pressure
hot-melt adhesive, n—a thermoplastic adhesive that is applied
over the area to be bonded.
in a molten state and forms a bond upon cooling to a solid
state.
fillet, n—that portion of an adhesive which fills the corner or
angle formed where two adherends are joined.
honeymoon system, n—Synonym for separate-application
finger joint, n—a joint formed by bonding two precut mem- adhesive. (2011) (A)
bers shaped like fingers. (See Fig. 1.) (1990) (A)
hot-setting adhesive, n—an adhesive that sets only with the
flow, n—movement of an adhesive during the bonding process application of heat.
before the adhesive is set.
impact strength, n—the kinetic energy per area absorbed by
foamed adhesive, n—an adhesive whose apparent density has
an adhesively-bonded joint when fractured by shock loading.
been decreased by the presence of numerous gas-filled cells
inhibitor, n—a substance used to suppress a chemical reaction.
throughout its mass.
initial tangent modulus, n—the slope of the stress-strain curve
gap-filling adhesive, n—an adhesive capable of forming and
at the origin. (1992) (A) D3983, D14; E6, E28
maintaining a bond between surfaces that are not close-
fitting.
intermediate-temperature-setting adhesive, n—an adhesive
DISCUSSION—Close-fitting is relative to a given material and industry;
that sets in the temperature range from 31 °C to 99 °C (87 °F
for example, standards in construction differ from standards in elec-
to 211 °F). (Synonym warm-setting adhesive.) (Compare
tronics. Some adhesives will bond by bridging without completely
cold-setting adhesive, hot-setting adhesive, and room-
filling the gap, others by filling the gap completely. (1990) (A); (1994)
(R) temperature-setting adhesive.)
gel, n—a semisolid system consisting of a network of solid
interphase, n—in an adhesive joint, a region of finite dimen-
aggregates in which liquid is held. sion extending from a point in the adherend where the local
properties (chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphologi-
gelation, n—formation of a gel.
cal) begin to change from the bulk properties of the adherend
glue—see adhesive. to a point in the adhesive where the local properties equal the
glue (archaic), n—a hard gelatin obtained from hides, tendons, bulk properties of the adhesive. (1990) (A); (1999) (R)
cartilage, bones, etc., of animals, and also an adhesive
joint, n—(See also adhesive joint, edge joint, finger joint,
prepared from this substance by heating with water.
laminate joint, lap joint, scarf joint, starved joint, and
bond, n.)
joint aging time, n—Synonym for joint conditioning time.
joint-conditioning time, n—the time interval between the
removal of the joint from the conditions of heat or pressure,
or both, used to accomplish bonding and the attainment of
approximately maximum bond strength. (Synonym joint-
aging time.) (See also curing time, drying time, and setting
FIG. 1 Finger Joint time.)
D907 − 15 (2023)
laminate, n—product made by bonding together two or more maturing temperature, n—the temperature, as a function of
layers of material or materials. time and bonding condition, that produces desired charac-
teristics in bonded components.
cross laminate, n—a laminate in which some of the layers of
DISCUSSION—The term is specific for ceramic adhesives.
material are oriented at right angles to the remaining layers
with respect to the grain or strongest direction in tension.
mechanical adhesion, n—see mechanical adhesion under
(Compare parallel laminate.)
adhesion.
DISCUSSION—Balanced construction of the laminations above the
melt viscosity, n—measure of the ratio of shear stress to shear
center line of the thickness of the laminate is normally assumed.
rate when the hot-melt is in its molten state. (2011) (A)
parallel laminate, n—a laminate in which all the layers of
D4499; D14
material are oriented approximately parallel with respect to the
membrane pressing, n—a process in which an adherend is
grain or strongest direction in tension. (Compare cross lami-
brought in intimate contact with a substrate to form an
nate.)
assembly by application of overpressure to a flexible film.
laminate, v—to bond layers of material(s).
modifier, n—ingredient which, when added to an adhesive,
laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding
changes its properties.
layers of adherends face to face to form thicker stock. (1992)
monomer, n—a relatively simple compound which can react to
(A)
form a polymer. (Compare polymer.)
laminated veneer lumber (LVL), n—lumber made by lami-
mucilage, n—an adhesive prepared from a gum and water, and
nating veneers in which the grain of all the veneers is
also in a more general sense, a liquid adhesive which has a
essentially parallel to the lengthwise dimension.
low order of bonding strength. (See also adhesive, glue,
laminated wood product, n—see under wood laminates.
paste, and sizing.)
lamination, n—1) the process of preparing a laminate. 2) any
multiple-layer adhesive, n—film adhesive, usually supported,
layer in a laminate. (Compare laminate, n and wood
with a different adhesive composition on each side.
laminate.)
Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which its
lap joint, n—a joint made by placing one adherend partly over
viscosity is constant over a stated range of strain rates.
another and bonding together the overlapped portions.
(Compare non-Newtonian behavior.) (1994) (A)
latex, n—a stable dispersion of polymeric substance in an
nominal stress, n—the stress at a point calculated on the net
essentially aqueous medium. (1998) (A) D4317, D14
cross section by simple elastic theory without taking into
layer, n—as related to veneer and plywood, a single veneer ply
account the effect on the stress produced by discontinuities
or two or more plies laminated with grain direction parallel.
such as holes, grooves, fillets, or any combination of them.
(1990) (A)
(1992) (A) Taken in part from E6, E28; D3983, D14
DISCUSSION—A parallel laminated layer is two or more plies lami-
nated with grain direction parallel. non-Newtonian behavior, n—the property of a liquid in which
its viscosity is not constant over a stated range of strain rates.
legging, n—See stringiness. (2008) (R)
(1994) (A)
life-cycle assessment, LCA, n—a method of evaluating a
nonvolatile content, n—the portion of a material that remains
product by reviewing the ecological impact over the life of
after volatile matter has been evaporated under specified
the product. (2012) (A)
ambient or accelerated conditions. (See solids content.)
DISCUSSION—At each stage, the product and its components are
DISCUSSION—The measured percentage of nonvolatile matter in an
evaluated based upon materials and energy consumed, and the pollution
adhesive will vary according to the analytical procedure. A standard test
and waste produced. Life stages include extraction of raw materials,
method must be used to obtain consistent results. (1994) (A)
processing and fabrication, transportation, installation, use and
maintenance, and reuse/recycling/disposal. ISO 14040 defines LCA as
novolak, n—a phenolic resin containing less than a 1 : 1 ratio
the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential
of formaldehyde to phenol so that normally it remains
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