85 - PAPER TECHNOLOGY
ICS 85 Details
PAPER TECHNOLOGY
PAPIERINDUSTRIE
TECHNOLOGIE DU PAPIER
TEHNOLOGIJA PAPIRJA
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 85 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "PAPER TECHNOLOGY". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1345 standards classified under ICS 85 (PAPER TECHNOLOGY). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a method to measure the energy required to rapidly delaminate a test piece of paper or board. Rupture of the test piece in the “Z” or thickness direction is initiated by a pendulum having a defined mass, moving at a defined velocity. The procedure is suitable for both single- and multi-ply papers and boards, including coated sheets and those that are laminated with synthetic polymer films. It is particularly suitable for papers and boards that can be subjected to z-direction rapid impacts, impulses or shock loads during printing or conversion. The test procedure entails the adherence of double-sided adhesive tape to both sides of the test piece under pressure. For this reason, the method is unsuitable for materials that can be structurally damaged by compression or are porous enough to permit migration of the tape adhesive into or through the test piece.
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This document specifies the conditioning atmospheres to be used for conditioning and testing cores based on ISO 187.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determination of the drainability of water from a pulp suspension in terms of the “Canadian Standard” freeness method in millilitres. In principle, this method is applicable to all kinds of pulp in aqueous suspension. NOTE Treatments of pulp suspensions which produce a large proportion of fines can induce an anomalous rise in freeness (false freeness), as a rule at values below 100 ml.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers.
This document is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.
This document is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers.
This document is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.
This document is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers. This document is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard. This document is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.
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- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents. It is applicable to unprinted papers. It is not applicable to boards.
NOTE 1 The terms paper and board are defined in ISO 4046-3.
This document is not intended for judging the permanence of papers stored under hostile conditions, such as high humidity that can promote microbiological attack, excessive heat, radiation (light or other), high levels of atmospheric pollutants, or the influence of water.
NOTE 2 For information on International Standards on paper permanence (ISO 9706), on archival paper permanence and durability (ISO 11108), and on paper stability for general graphic applications (ISO 20494), refer to Annex D.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents. It is applicable to unprinted papers. It is not applicable to boards.
NOTE 1 The terms paper and board are defined in ISO 4046-3.
This document is not intended for judging the permanence of papers stored under hostile conditions, such as high humidity that can promote microbiological attack, excessive heat, radiation (light or other), high levels of atmospheric pollutants, or the influence of water.
NOTE 2 For information on International Standards on paper permanence (ISO 9706), on archival paper permanence and durability (ISO 11108), and on paper stability for general graphic applications (ISO 20494), refer to Annex D.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for archival paper. It is applicable to unprinted papers intended for documents and publications required for permanent retention and frequent use. For these documents and publications, paper of high permanence and high durability is required. NOTE 1 Archival paper is primarily required for documents and publications intended to be kept permanently because of their high historical, legal or other significant value. Archival paper is for special purposes, not for common use. The use of the term “archival paper” does not imply that all papers kept in archives are “archival papers”. NOTE 2 For relationships between International Standards on paper permanence (ISO 9706), on archival paper permanence and durability (ISO 11108), and on paper stability for general graphic applications (ISO 20494), refer to Annex B.
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- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Draft12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents. It is applicable to unprinted papers. It is not applicable to boards. NOTE 1 The terms paper and board are defined in ISO 4046-3. This document is not intended for judging the permanence of papers stored under hostile conditions, such as high humidity that can promote microbiological attack, excessive heat, radiation (light or other), high levels of atmospheric pollutants, or the influence of water. NOTE 2 For information on International Standards on paper permanence (ISO 9706), on archival paper permanence and durability (ISO 11108), and on paper stability for general graphic applications (ISO 20494), refer to Annex D.
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- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the puncture resistance of board using a pendulum device. This document is applicable to all types of board, including corrugated fibreboard and solid board, especially those used in the manufacture of packaging cases.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a basic laboratory test method for deinkability of woodfree printed paper products as a mixture under alkaline conditions by means of single stage flotation deinking and fatty acid-based collector chemistry. The woodfree printed paper product of interest is tested as a mixture containing 10 % by weight of the woodfree printed paper with the balance comprising a mixture of printed wood-containing paper.
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This document covers physical properties and manufacturing requirements for envelopes having an address window and the flap on the front side once the flap has been sealed, hereafter the flap side. It covers the main design features of the reverse envelope, notably of the flap and address window, and the materials used for the manufacturing thereof. It applies to reverse envelopes with advertising or communication printed on the plain side, eventually on its entire surface.
This document covers empty envelopes, but also finished mailpieces that have been properly inserted, addressed and franked (reverse mailpieces) and are submitted to Postal Operators. In particular, reverse mailpieces will be compliant with relevant Postal standards applicable in the member states.
By extension, these requirements also apply to non-window envelopes used for reverse mailpieces and having the address printed on the flap side.
This document does not apply to:
- envelopes with a large window on the plain side (opposite to the flap) as these are already common and widely accepted,
- paper requirements to ensure print quality (except for the postage mark and address) and notably colour rendering.
- Technical specification15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document covers physical properties and manufacturing requirements for envelopes having an address window and the flap on the front side once the flap has been sealed, hereafter the flap side. It covers the main design features of the reverse envelope, notably of the flap and address window, and the materials used for the manufacturing thereof. It applies to reverse envelopes with advertising or communication printed on the plain side, eventually on its entire surface.
This document covers empty envelopes, but also finished mailpieces that have been properly inserted, addressed and franked (reverse mailpieces) and are submitted to Postal Operators. In particular, reverse mailpieces will be compliant with relevant Postal standards applicable in the member states.
By extension, these requirements also apply to non-window envelopes used for reverse mailpieces and having the address printed on the flap side.
This document does not apply to:
- envelopes with a large window on the plain side (opposite to the flap) as these are already common and widely accepted,
- paper requirements to ensure print quality (except for the postage mark and address) and notably colour rendering.
- Technical specification15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the water absorption of paper and board after total immersion in water for a specified time. The method is applicable to all types of paper and board which have a degree of water resistance. It is not applicable to very absorbent papers such as tissue papers and tissue products.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the wet strength of paper and board by measuring its bursting strength after it has been immersed in water for a specified period. The method is applicable to most kinds of paper and board, provided that an appropriate immersion time is agreed between the interested parties. Different results can be found if the sample is re-tested after a period of time.
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This document describes a method for the determination of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of kraft lignin. The procedure utilizes differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This procedure is applicable to solid lignins (e.g., powdered form) isolated using different isolation techniques (e.g., acidification with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., and carbonation using gaseous carbon dioxide) from the spent liquor (black liquor) generated from the kraft pulping process. It does not apply to raw black liquor and lignin in the alkali form, (lignin that is separated from wood chips and dissolved in sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide liquor such as that originating from black liquor).
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This document describes the thermal analysis of kraft lignin using thermogravimetric methods. Thermogravimetry can be used to determine the initial decomposition temperature(s), rate(s) of decomposition, and the temperature at maximum decomposition of various materials, including lignins at atmospheric pressure. All these temperatures are solely based on the mass loss and are not necessarily the real decomposition temperatures, because not all decompositions can generate evaporation at atmospheric pressure. Thus, these values are only for comparison purposes. This procedure is applicable to solid lignins (e.g., powdered form) isolated using different isolation techniques (e.g., acidification with hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, etc., and carbonation using gaseous carbon dioxide) from the spent liquor (black liquor) generated in the kraft pulping process. It does not apply to raw black liquor. Thermogravimetric measurement may be performed under different types of atmosphere, e.g., an inert atmosphere or an oxidative atmosphere.
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This document specifies a test method for determining the compressive strength of a sample fixed into an S-shape in the machine direction. This document is applicable to papers with a grammage of 80 g/m2 to 220 g/m2; different grammages can lead to unreliable results.
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of the wet tensile strength of tissue paper and tissue products after soaking with water, using a tensile-strength-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
Currently, two types of tensile-strength-testing apparatus are commercially available, one where the test piece is positioned vertically and, for the other, horizontally. This document applies for both. For vertical tensile-strength-testing apparatus, a device that is held in the lower grip of the tensile-strength-testing apparatus, called a Finch Cup, is used to achieve the wetting. For horizontal tensile-strength-testing apparatus, the soaking device is placed between the two clamps.
This document is not applicable to cases where impurities and contraries are determined.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the wet tensile strength of tissue paper and tissue products after soaking with water, using a tensile-strength-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
Currently, two types of tensile-strength-testing apparatus are commercially available, one where the test piece is positioned vertically and, for the other, horizontally. This document applies for both. For vertical tensile-strength-testing apparatus, a device that is held in the lower grip of the tensile-strength-testing apparatus, called a Finch Cup, is used to achieve the wetting. For horizontal tensile-strength-testing apparatus, the soaking device is placed between the two clamps.
This document is not applicable to cases where impurities and contraries are determined.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the wet tensile strength of tissue paper and tissue products after soaking with water, using a tensile-strength-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation. Currently, two types of tensile-strength-testing apparatus are commercially available, one where the test piece is positioned vertically and, for the other, horizontally. This document applies for both. For vertical tensile-strength-testing apparatus, a device that is held in the lower grip of the tensile-strength-testing apparatus, called a Finch Cup, is used to achieve the wetting. For horizontal tensile-strength-testing apparatus, the soaking device is placed between the two clamps. This document is not applicable to cases where impurities and contraries are determined.
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This document specifies the testing procedures for the instrumental determination of the opacity of tissue paper or tissue products by diffuse reflectance using a paper backing.
This document contains specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces of single-ply and multi-ply products, where special preparation/procedures might be necessary.
It can be used to determine the opacity of tissue paper and tissue products containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the radiation incident on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard provided by an authorized laboratory as described in ISO 2470-1.
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- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of stickies and non-tacky polymeric contaminants present in pulp or paper sheets near-infrared measurement. This document is applicable to recycled pulps and papers. Sampling of pulp and paper as well as the preparation of handsheets are outside the scope of this document.
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This document specifies the testing procedures for the instrumental determination of the opacity of tissue paper or tissue products by diffuse reflectance using a paper backing.
This document contains specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces of single-ply and multi-ply products, where special preparation/procedures might be necessary.
It can be used to determine the opacity of tissue paper and tissue products containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the radiation incident on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard provided by an authorized laboratory as described in ISO 2470-1.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the testing procedures for the instrumental determination of the opacity of tissue paper or tissue products by diffuse reflectance using a paper backing. This document contains specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces of single-ply and multi-ply products, where special preparation/procedures might be necessary. It can be used to determine the opacity of tissue paper and tissue products containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the radiation incident on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard provided by an authorized laboratory as described in ISO 2470-1.
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- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document describes the general procedure for measuring the diffuse radiance factor of all types of pulp, paper and board. More particularly, it specifies in detail the procedures to be used for calibrating the equipment, and in Annex A, the characteristics of the equipment to be used for such measurements. This document can be used to measure the diffuse radiance factors and related properties of materials containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided that the UV-content of the instrument illumination has been adjusted to give the same level of fluorescence as a fluorescent reference standard for a selected CIE illuminant, according to the International Standard describing the measurement of the property in question. Annex C describes the preparation of fluorescent reference standards.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers pads of repositionable, colored, note paper. Each sheet has a strip of pressure-sensitive adhesive on the back side. A hand-operated steel roller shall be used in the manufacture of the pads and a cylindrical mandrel shall be used for flagging test of the pads. A minimum average of determined sheets of paper shall be assembled in the form of a pad. No individual pad shall contain less than a certain number of sheets. The pad of paper and a backing sheet shall be securely fastened together by means of the repositionable, pressure-sensitive adhesive coating. The paper to be used in the manufacture of the pad shall be determined by its basis weight and thickness. In order to determine the sheets' overall performance, the following properties shall be tested: writing quality, sheet removal, multiple sheet lift, fiber pull, initial flagging, and repositionable flagging. The sheets of pad paper shall be clean and free from dirt, foreign matter, holes, tears, wrinkles, and other defects which might affect appearance or serviceability. The sheets shall be uniform with respect to color and formation. Pads shall be square cut with smooth, clean edges.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pads of repositionable, colored, note paper. Each sheet has a strip of pressure-sensitive adhesive on the back side.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is widely used within the paper industry, in conjunction with other tests of strength, as a predictor of end-use performance of a wide range of grades of papers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the force perpendicular to the plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper through a specified distance after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. The measured results can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of a single sheet. In the case of tearing a single sheet of paper, the tearing resistance is measured directly.
Note 1: Similar procedures for making Elmendorf-type tear measurements are found in ISO 1974 and TAPPI T414.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for determining the cross-directional tearing resistance of highly directional boards and papers.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document describes methods for the determination of the dry matter content of lignins by oven-drying and freeze-drying. The methods are applicable to all types of lignins isolated from kraft, organosolv, soda, and sulfite pulping processes, and to lignin obtained by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of biomass. However, the oven-drying method is not applicable to kraft lignins in the base form, also referred to as sodium form. Both methods are applicable only to lignins in the solid form.
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of aluminium in aqueous extracts.
It is applicable to paper and board with extractable aluminium content of at least 0,2 mg/l.
Aluminium extract levels below those given can be measured using this document if sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of vacuum cleaner bag filter media, because it is a direct indicator of the resistance to air flow. It may also indicate the size of vacuum cleaner bag needed to achieve the desired air flow volume.
4.2 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been set up on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of materials where permeability is of interest.
4.3 Since air permeability is not a linear function of pressure differential between paper surfaces, all tests should be made at a prescribed pressure differential, 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers procedures to be followed for qualifying papers to be used in the manufacture of vacuum cleaner bags and filters. The filtration efficiency of the paper is not evaluated with the use of these test methods.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Sections
Air Permeability (Test Method D737)
3 – 5
Basis Weight (TAPPI Test Method T 410)
6 – 8
Bursting Strength (Mullen Test) (TAPPI Test Method T 403)
9 – 11
Internal Tearing Resistance (TAPPI Test Method T 414)
12 – 14
Tensile Breaking Strength (TAPPI Test Method T 494)
15 – 17
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This method describes procedures for the determination of inorganics content in kraft, soda, and hydrolysis lignin. The method is applicable to lignin isolated from a kraft pulping process, a soda pulping process, or lignin obtained by hydrolysis of biomass. For kraft lignin in the acid form, soda lignin, and hydrolysis lignin, the inorganics content is determined from the ash content of the sample. For kraft lignin in the base form, the inorganics content is determined from the sum of the contents of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and potassium.
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This document provides safety requirements specific to binding and finishing equipment and systems. It provides additional safety requirements for the design and construction of new equipment used to convert printed or blank substrates into cut, folded, collated, assembled, bound, or otherwise finished product.
This document is applicable to processes for preparing substrate for the printing process. It is also applicable to a wide range of equipment used in the binding and finishing process.
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of aluminium in aqueous extracts.
It is applicable to paper and board with extractable aluminium content of at least 0,2 mg/l.
Aluminium extract levels below those given can be measured using this document if sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the surface roughness of paper and board using a stylus contact method. It is applicable to all papers and boards except tissue paper.
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength of perforated lines of tissue paper. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
This method is only used for measuring machine-direction tensile strength, that is for cross-direction perforations on tissue paper.
The calculation of perforation efficiency is also specified in this document.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the water absorptiveness of paper and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under standard conditions.
This document is not applicable for paper of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper. It is not applicable for porous papers such as newsprint or papers such as blotting paper or other papers having a relatively high-water absorptiveness for which ISO 8787 is more suitable.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The plastic Petri plate (carrier) provides a closed system for enumeration and easy application of a pre-saturated or impregnated antimicrobial towelette by an analyst.
5.2 Aliquoting of sterile 5 % non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (five 10 µL spots) onto soiled carriers and inoculation of final test suspension onto treated carriers (five 10 µL spots) is conducted using a template and a positive displacement pipette, thereby ensuring a precise inoculum level and uniform distribution of soil and final test suspension.
5.3 A single towelette is tested per 2-carrier set, eliminating the likelihood of cross contamination between carriers.
5.4 The corkscrew-patterned circular motion of the product application (wipe outside to inside, wipe inside to outside using the wiping template; see Annex A3 – Annex A6) ensures uniform coverage and contact of disinfectant with the inoculated surface.
5.5 The addition of neutralizer to the treated carriers at the end of the contact time results in neutralization of the test substance. This standard test method provides a procedure for performing neutralization verification to confirm that the microbicidal, microbistatic, or both types of activity of a test substance has been reduced by 50 % at the end of the contact time (see Annex A1 for neutralization verification procedure).
5.6 The design of this standard test method minimizes any loss of viable organisms through carrier wash-off.
5.7 It is optional to adjust (dilution in PBS) the inoculum to achieve desired control counts of 5.0 log10 CFU/carrier to 6.5 log10 CFU/carrier.
5.8 Include, where applicable, comparisons of the test to other similar procedures such as Practices E1054 and E2362.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method quantitatively determines the effectiveness of various sizes of antimicrobial towelettes in treating hard, non-porous surfaces against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate towelettes for antimicrobial efficacy against additional microorganisms (with necessary modifications).
1.2.1 This test method does not differentiate between chemical inactivation of the test microbe and mechanical removal of inoculum from a surface; rather, product efficacy is considered a combination of both attributes of a towelette-based formulation.
1.3 This test method involves the use of hazardous materials, chemicals, and infectious microorganisms and therefore should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level, a BSL-2 or higher laboratory; specifications provided in the “Biosafety for Biomedical and Microbiological Laboratories” (BMBL), 6th edition (BMBL).
1.4 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP Standards—For example, 40 CFR, Part 160 of FIFRA) are required and to follow them when appropriate.
1.5 Strict adherence to the protocol is necessary for the validity of the test results.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including: - Harmonization of terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes by laboratory refiners; - Treatment of pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to the batch operation of laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill; - Evaluation of fibres for papermaking, in particular chemical market pulps, under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption. This document only considers refiners operating at low stock concentration, i.e. 3 % to 5 %.
- Technical specification15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by hot water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document. For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554-2[5].
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the conductivity of aqueous extracts of paper, board or pulp, these extracts having been prepared by a hot or cold method.
The method is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulps, except for papers used for electrical purposes. For high purity papers used for electrical purposes, see method given in EN 60554‑2.
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This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by cold water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. for fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions, in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document.
For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554‑2[5].
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This document specifies a method for measuring the colour of paper and board by the diffuse reflectance method with the elimination of specular gloss.
This document is not applicable to coloured papers or boards which incorporate fluorescent dyes or pigments. It may be used to determine the colour of papers or boards which contain fluorescent whitening agents provided the UV content of the illumination on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C, using a fluorescent reference standard that fulfils the requirements for international fluorescent reference standards of level 3 (IR3) as prescribed by ISO 2469 with an assigned ISO brightness value provided by an authorized laboratory, as described in ISO 2470‑1.
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- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the bacteria, yeast and mould population on the surface of paper and paperboard. The enumeration relates to specific media. This document is applicable to all kinds of paper and paperboard, to dry market pulp in sheet form and to packaging material.
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This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength of perforated lines of tissue paper. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
This method is only used for measuring machine-direction tensile strength, that is for cross-direction perforations on tissue paper.
The calculation of perforation efficiency is also specified in this document.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps.
This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength of perforated lines of tissue paper. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation. This method is only used for measuring machine-direction tensile strength, that is for cross-direction perforations on tissue paper. The calculation of perforation efficiency is also specified in this document.
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- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a non-waxed edge method for the determination of the edgewise crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard. The force is applied in the direction of the flute axis.
This method is applicable to single-wall (double-faced), double-wall, and triple-wall corrugated fibreboard.
It is applicable to all corrugated fibreboard flute types if no buckling and/or tipping occurs during measurement. This method is also applicable to test samples taken from corrugated cases and other converted products.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day