ISO 3036:2025

International
Standard
ISO 3036
Second edition
Board — Determination of puncture
2025-03
resistance using a pendulum device
Carton — Détermination de la résistance à la perforation à l’aide
d’un pendule
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Description of apparatus .2
5.1.1 General .2
5.1.2 Pendulum and puncture head .2
5.1.3 Interchangeable weights .3
5.1.4 Release mechanism .3
5.1.5 Collar .3
5.1.6 Clamping device .3
5.1.7 Measurement indicator .4
5.2 Adjustment of the instrument .4
5.3 Instrument checks .4
5.4 Calibration .5
6 Sampling . 5
7 Preparation of test pieces . 5
8 Conditioning . 5
9 Procedure . 5
10 Calculation . 6
11 Precision . 6
12 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Calibration . 7
Annex B (informative) Precision . 8
Bibliography .10

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3036:1975), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— clarification of the scope;
— update of the normative references;
— addition of 3.1 and 3.2;
— revision of Clause 5;
— change of Annex A from normative to informative, and update of the content;
— addition of precision data in Annex B;
— addition of a Bibliography.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
There are two main methods to characterize puncture resistance:
a) with a pendulum device, which is the method specified in this document;
b) with a measuring device that measures at constant speed.
The two methods lead to different results that are not comparable, especially on heavy grades.

v
International Standard ISO 3036:2025(en)
Board — Determination of puncture resistance using a
pendulum device
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the puncture resistance of board using a pendulum device.
This document is applicable to all types of board, including corrugated fibreboard and solid board, especially
those used in the manufacture of packaging cases.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
puncture
perforation by a triangular pyramid head until complete tear and opening
3.2
puncture resistance
energy required to reach puncture (3.1) of a board material
Note 1 to entry: The puncture resistance is expressed in joules.
4 Principle
A test piece from a representative sample of board is subjected to puncture by a triangular pyramid puncture
head attached to a pendulum.
The energy required to force the puncture head completely through the test piece, i.e. to make the initial
puncture and to tear and bend open the board, is measured.

5 Apparatus
5.1 Description of apparatus
5.1.1 General
The apparatus used is a puncture tester, which produces an impact by means of a pendulum.
The bed plate of the frame of the instrument shall be firmly attached to a strong base to prevent energy
losses. The instrument shall be accurately levelled and shall not vibrate during the test.
The instrument consists of the elements described in 5.1.2 to 5.1.7.
5.1.2 Pendulum and puncture head
The pendulum is fitted with an arm, having the shape of a 90° circular arc, to which the puncture head is
attached. Both pendulum and arm shall be strong enough to minimize deformation and vibration when the
test is carried out.
The puncture head shall be a right-angled triangular pyramid, 25,0 mm ± 0,7 mm high, as shown in Figure 1,
with edges between sides honed to a radius between 1,0 mm and 1,6 mm.
One of the edges of the base of the pyramid shall be parallel to the axis of rotation of the pendulum and the
opposite corner of the base shall point towards the axis of rotation.
The axis of symmetry through the effective point of the puncture head shall be vertical when it is half- way
through the horizontal plane through the axis of the pendulum.
The distance of the puncture head from the axis of rotation of the pendulum shall be (267 ± 1) mm. The
reduced length of the pendulum shall not deviate from 267 mm by more than ±7 mm.
NOTE To allow the use of existing instruments, a tolerance of ±12,5 mm is acceptable on the distance between the
mid-point and the horizontal plane.
At the release point, the pendulum shall be in the horizontal position, which is determined by measuring
through an angle of 90° from the pendulum with its centre of gravity at rest.

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
R1 radius
Figure 1 — Drawing of the puncture head - front view and top view
5.1.3 Interchangeable weights
Using interchangeable weights that can be attached to the pendulum, several ranges of energy are provided.
The range selected shall be such that the test result will be between 20 % and 80 % of the maximum value of
the corresponding scale.
5.1.4 Rel
...