VPK - Pulp, paper, board and products

This document specifies a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers.
This document is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.
This document is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.

This document specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents. It is applicable to unprinted papers. It is not applicable to boards.
NOTE 1        The terms paper and board are defined in ISO 4046-3.
This document is not intended for judging the permanence of papers stored under hostile conditions, such as high humidity that can promote microbiological attack, excessive heat, radiation (light or other), high levels of atmospheric pollutants, or the influence of water.
NOTE 2        For information on International Standards on paper permanence (ISO 9706), on archival paper permanence and durability (ISO 11108), and on paper stability for general graphic applications (ISO 20494), refer to Annex D.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the wet tensile strength of tissue paper and tissue products after soaking with water, using a tensile-strength-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
Currently, two types of tensile-strength-testing apparatus are commercially available, one where the test piece is positioned vertically and, for the other, horizontally. This document applies for both. For vertical tensile-strength-testing apparatus, a device that is held in the lower grip of the tensile-strength-testing apparatus, called a Finch Cup, is used to achieve the wetting. For horizontal tensile-strength-testing apparatus, the soaking device is placed between the two clamps.
This document is not applicable to cases where impurities and contraries are determined.

This document specifies the testing procedures for the instrumental determination of the opacity of tissue paper or tissue products by diffuse reflectance using a paper backing.
This document contains specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces of single-ply and multi-ply products, where special preparation/procedures might be necessary.
It can be used to determine the opacity of tissue paper and tissue products containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the radiation incident on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard provided by an authorized laboratory as described in ISO 2470-1.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of aluminium in aqueous extracts.
It is applicable to paper and board with extractable aluminium content of at least 0,2 mg/l.
Aluminium extract levels below those given can be measured using this document if sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength of perforated lines of tissue paper. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
This method is only used for measuring machine-direction tensile strength, that is for cross-direction perforations on tissue paper.
The calculation of perforation efficiency is also specified in this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the water absorptiveness of paper and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under standard conditions.
This document is not applicable for paper of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper. It is not applicable for porous papers such as newsprint or papers such as blotting paper or other papers having a relatively high-water absorptiveness for which ISO 8787 is more suitable.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by hot water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document. For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554-2[5].

This document specifies a method for the determination of the conductivity of aqueous extracts of paper, board or pulp, these extracts having been prepared by a hot or cold method.
The method is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulps, except for papers used for electrical purposes. For high purity papers used for electrical purposes, see method given in EN 60554‑2.

This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by cold water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
This document is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp.
As the quantity of extractable ionic material approaches zero, as in the case of highly purified pulps, the precision of the method becomes poor because of the difficulties encountered in making pH measurements on water containing little electrolytic material.
Since the extraction in this document is performed with distilled or deionised water, the pH-value measured can sometimes be different (e.g. for fully bleached pulp) from the pH-value measured under mill process conditions, in which various types of process waters, such as chemically treated river water containing electrolytes, are used. In such cases, ISO 29681 can be used instead, as it is specifically applicable to bleached pulps from virgin fibres and to pulp samples having a low ionic strength for which the pH value gives more realistic results related to mill conditions than those obtained with this document.
For cellulosic papers used for electrical purposes, the method used can be that given in IEC 60554‑2[5].

This document specifies a method for measuring the colour of paper and board by the diffuse reflectance method with the elimination of specular gloss.
This document is not applicable to coloured papers or boards which incorporate fluorescent dyes or pigments. It may be used to determine the colour of papers or boards which contain fluorescent whitening agents provided the UV content of the illumination on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C, using a fluorescent reference standard that fulfils the requirements for international fluorescent reference standards of level 3 (IR3) as prescribed by ISO 2469 with an assigned ISO brightness value provided by an authorized laboratory, as described in ISO 2470‑1.

This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps.
This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.

This document specifies a non-waxed edge method for the determination of the edgewise crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard. The force is applied in the direction of the flute axis.
This method is applicable to single-wall (double-faced), double-wall, and triple-wall corrugated fibreboard.
It is applicable to all corrugated fibreboard flute types if no buckling and/or tipping occurs during measurement. This method is also applicable to test samples taken from corrugated cases and other converted products.

This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.

This document describes the determination of the residue (ash content) on ignition of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials at 525 °C. It is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulp and cellulose nanomaterial samples.
This document provides measurement procedures to obtain a measurement precision of 0,01 % or better for residue (ash content) on ignition at 525 °C.
Determination of residue (ash content) on ignition at 900 °C of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials is described in ISO 2144.
In the context of this document, the term "cellulose nanomaterial" refers specifically to cellulose nano-object (see 3.2 to 3.4). Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, these cellulose nano-objects can have intrinsic properties, behaviours or functionalities that are distinct from those associated with paper, board and pulps.

This document specifies testing procedures for the instrumental determination of brightness and colour of tissue paper and tissue products viewed in indoor daylight conditions. It also gives specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces (single-ply, multi-ply products) and for the optical measurements of products, where special precautions can be necessary.
NOTE      The properties called D65 brightness and colour are measured with an instrument adjusted to a much higher UV content than that specified in this document.

This document specifies the relevant International Standards used for the determination of physical properties of laboratory sheets made of all types of pulps.
It is applicable to laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269‑1, ISO 5269‑2 or ISO 5269‑3.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength, stretch at maximum force and tensile energy absorption of tissue paper and tissue products. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
It also specifies the method of calculating the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index.

This document provides guidance on the interpretation of Clause 2.2 “prohibited materials” of EN 643:2014 and provides definitions and examples to help the users to meet EN 643 requirements. It does not add to, subtract from, or in any way modify the requirements of the EN 643 standard. This document does not prescribe mandatory approaches to implementation.
This document does not modify Clause 5.2 of EN 643.

This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials. The procedure is applicable to cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
NOTE      This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material.

This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in paper, board, pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials in solid form, which all can be produced from virgin and /or recycled materials.
It is also applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of paper and board for recycling.
The procedure is applicable to paper, board, and pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of pulp, paper, and board and cellulosic nanomaterial samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
This method is not applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of slush pulp or to the determination of the saleable mass of pulp lots.
NOTE 1    ISO 638-2[1] specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content of suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials, ISO 287[2] specifies the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board; ISO 4119[3] specifies the determination of stock concentration of pulps; the ISO 801 series[4] specifies the determination of the saleable mass in lots.
NOTE 2    This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material; in cases where the sample is filterable without loss of cellulosic solids, ISO 4119[3] can be used to determine the stock consistency (content of cellulosic material in solid form).

This document specifies a method of obtaining, for test purposes, a gross sample representative of a certain lot of pulp. This document applies to all kinds of pulp delivered in bales or rolls. It is intended for use when sampling for all kinds of testing purposes except for the determination of saleable mass, in which case other International Standards apply such as ISO 801-1 and ISO 801-2.
If, however, the pulp is to be tested for saleable mass in addition to other properties, the gross sample obtained according to the appropriate International Standard for sampling saleable mass can also be used for the other pulp property tests.

This document describes a procedure to gravimetrically determine the physical composition of paper and board for recycling by manually separating/sorting the individual components (including any unwanted materials) and determining the relative masses.

This document specifies testing procedures for the instrumental determination of brightness and colour of tissue paper and tissue products viewed under outdoor daylight conditions. It also gives specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces (single-ply, multi-ply products) and for the optical measurements of products, where special precautions can be necessary.
NOTE       The properties called ISO brightness and colour with C/2° (indoor daylight) are measured with an instrument adjusted to a much lower UV content than that specified in this document. The measurements of ISO brightness and colour with C/2° (indoor daylight) are described in ISO 12625-15.

This document specifies an analytical test method for the determination of anthraquinone (see Table 1) in water and 95 % ethanol extracts of pulp, paper and board materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Moreover, acetone extracts of modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) that, according to EN 14338, can be used as a simulant to assess the possible transfer/migration of substances from paper and board into dry, non-fatty foodstuffs can be analysed with the method presented here.
This method can be applied to determine anthraquinone in concentrations ranging from 2 μg/l to 40 μg/l in the water and solvent extracts, corresponding to 0,05 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg pulp, paper and board or, respectively, 0,1 μg/dm2 to 2 μg/dm2 in the case of migration tests with MPPO. The measurement range can be lowered by enriching anthraquinone from the water and solvent extracts.

This document specifies a method to assess the disintegration of tissue paper and tissue products when subjected to mechanical agitation in water.

This document specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and potassium by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP/ES). The acid-soluble element comprises the acid-soluble part of the incineration residue, i.e. that part of the ignition residue obtained after incineration which is soluble in hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. In cases where the residue is completely soluble, the result obtained by the procedure specified in this document is a measure of the total amount of each element in the sample.
This document is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials.
The limit of determination depends on the element and on the instrument used.

This document describes the determination of the residue (ash content) on ignition of paper, board, pulps and cellulose nanomaterials. This document is applicable to all types of paper, board, pulp and cellulose nanomaterial. This document provides measurement procedures to obtain a measurement precision of 0,01 % or better for residue (ash content) on ignition at 900 °C.
In the context of this document, the term "cellulose nanomaterial" refers specifically to cellulose nano-object (see 3.2 to 3.4). Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, these cellulose nano-objects can have intrinsic properties, behaviours or functionalities that are distinct from those associated with paper, board and pulps.

This document specifies a method for determining titanium dioxide content in all kinds of paper and board, in particular coated or filled products. It comprises two procedures for the final determination of titanium, one of them relying on spectrophotometry and the other on flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The limits of the determination depend on the amount of sample taken (8.1).
NOTE The method is designed for the determination of titanium dioxide. Titanium present in other forms, for example as a constituent of clay, will not interfere in the determination.

This document specifies three test methods for determining the bending stiffness of paper and paperboard. The test methods differ in the type of loading mode, thus giving rise to the two-point, three-point and four-point bending test methods.
For paper and paperboard in a low thickness range, the two-point bending method and the three-point bending method are suitable.
For corrugated fibreboard and board with a higher thickness, the four-point bending method is recommended.
The measurement conditions are defined in such a way that the test piece is not subjected to any significant permanent deformation during the test, nor is the range of validity of the formulae for calculating the bending stiffness exceeded.
In these bending tests, the test pieces of paper and board are regarded as "beams" as defined by the science of the strength of materials, see Reference [2].

This document specifies an analytical test method for the determination of bisphenol A in solvent extracts of paper and board materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using a high performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD).
This method can be applied to determine bisphenol A (see Table 1) in concentrations ranging from 0,025 mg/l to 2 mg/l in the solvent extracts, corresponding to 0,05 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg paper and board. The measurement range can easily be extended up to 40 mg/kg by adjusting the concentration factor of the solvent extract.

This document specifies procedures to measure the bending resistance of paper and paperboard using a Taber-type tester.
This document is used to determine the bending moment required to deflect the free end of a 38 mm wide vertically clamped specimen by 15° when the load is applied at a bending length of 50 mm. For boards that tend to be permanently deformed if bent through 15°, the half bending angle, i.e. 7,5°, can be used. The bending resistance is expressed in terms of the bending moment and parameters set by the manufacturer of the Taber-type tester.
The method is primarily used for papers with a high grammage.
NOTE This document does not cover the low-range version of the Taber-type instrument that uses a bending length of 10 mm (see Reference [5]).

This document specifies a method for determining the grammage of paper and board.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance to mechanical penetration (ball burst strength procedure) of tissue paper and tissue products after wetting.

This document establishes general principles for the use of terms in the entire working field of tissue paper and tissue products.
It permits the use of a common terminology in industry and commerce.
It is expressly stated that ISO 15755 applies for the detection of impurities and contraries in tissue paper and tissue products.
For the determination of moisture content in tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 287 applies.

This document specifies a method of obtaining representative samples from a lot of paper and board for recycling for testing to determine whether or not its composition and quality complies with the requirements of EN 643 and/or other specifications.
This document also specifies the positioning of probes, when in situ measurements are performed.
It defines the sampling procedures which apply when sampling is carried out to resolve compliance issues and commercial disputes between buyer and seller relating to a lot of paper and board for recycling, at any point in the value chain, where those procedures are not defined in the contract between buyer and seller.
This document is not specifically intended for routine monitoring of processes or quality, but the procedures described may be used to form the basis of an agreement between supplier and buyer.
This document is not applicable if the material is not intended for recycling.
The method is not intended for determining the variability within a lot, however the general sampling principles can be applied.

This document describes a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of a corrugating medium after laboratory fluting using a B-flute geometry.
The procedure is applicable to any corrugating medium intended to be used, after fluting, in the manufacture of corrugated board.
NOTE       ISO 7263-1 describes a method to determine the flat crush resistance using an A-flute geometry.

This document describes two representative methods for the determination of the extractable amount of specific primary aromatic amines (PAA) in a water extract of paper, board and pulp samples by means of HPLC with MS/MS detection which basically differ concerning the choice of the mobile and stationary phases. Deviating from this standard further methods may be applicable if it can be shown that comparable results can be achieved. A validation should be carried out by each laboratory.
It is applicable for the determination of the 22 primary aromatic amines (PAA) mentioned in the annex of Directive 2002/61/EC of 19th July 2002 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the market and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (azocolourants) which are classified as carcinogenic categories 1A and 1B according to the CLP regulation and aniline.
The method described by this standard should be also applicable for the determination of further primary aromatic amines (PAA). A validation for every further analyte has to be done by the laboratory using this method.
The extractable amount of a primary aromatic amine (PAA) is expressed in mg PAA per litre water extract. This method is suitable for the determination of PAA with a working range of about 0,001 mg/l - 0,020 mg/l water extract.
Deviating from this standard further methods may be applicable if it can be shown that comparable results can be achieved. A validation should be carried out by each laboratory.

This document describes a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of a corrugating medium after laboratory fluting using an A-flute geometry.
The procedure is applicable to any corrugating medium intended to be used, after fluting, in the manufacture of corrugated board.
NOTE       ISO 7263-2 describes a method to determine the flat crush resistance using a B-flute geometry.

This document describes procedures for the testing of the fastness of fluorescent whitened paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Some procedures depending on the foreseeable use of the material are given.
Visual absence of the glass fibre paper’s fluorescence under UV light is evaluated.
For samples having significant different sides, a migration can occur from one glass fibre to the other and could lead to wrong interpretation of the fastness of one side. It is advisable to check these samples using large sampling procedure to prevent cross contamination of the glass fibre during the migration procedure. The procedure is described in Annex A. If lower limit of detection is required, this procedure can also be used.

This document describes procedures for the testing of dyed paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Some procedures depending on the foreseeable use of the material are given.
Visual evaluation against a grey scale provides grading of the bleeding.
For samples having significant different sides, a migration can occur from one glass fibre to the other and could lead to wrong interpretation of the fastness of one side. It is advisable to check these samples using large sampling procedure to prevent cross contamination of the glass fibre during the migration procedure. The procedure is described in Annex A. If lower limit of detection is required, this procedure could also be used.

ISO 4094:2017 provides both general requirements and specific requirements (Annex A) for laboratories seeking to become "Authorized Laboratories (ALs)" and to maintain their Authorized Laboratory status for the issue of optical reference transfer standards of level 3. This document follows the requirements and adopts the format of ISO/IEC 17025, with the aims of:
a) establishing and maintaining international optical reference transfer standards of level 2 (IR2) traceable to an international optical reference primary standard of level 1 (IR1) maintained by a standardizing laboratory;
b) distributing traceability required to achieve inter-laboratory agreement in the results of test methods specified in International Standards for optical properties of paper, board or pulp;
c) participating in the design and development of new methods and international harmonization of procedures.
When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this document, such as sampling and the design/development of new methods, the requirements of those clauses do not apply.
ISO 4094:2017 is for use by specified laboratories authorized to issue optical reference transfer standards in developing their management system for quality, administrative and technical operations. Laboratory customers, regulatory authorities and accreditation bodies can also use it in confirming or recognizing the competence of laboratories.
NOTE It might be necessary to explain or interpret certain requirements in this document to ensure that the requirements are applied in a consistent manner. Guidance for consistent application can be obtained from Technical Committee ISO/TC 6.

This document specifies a method for the determination of transfer of antimicrobial constituents from paper and board materials and articles intended for food contact.
NOTE   The need of using this Standard may be specified by the legislation regarding paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.

This document is one in a series of Standards for the determination of heavy metals in an aqueous extract of paper or board intended for contact with food. This document specifies the test method for the determination of cadmium, lead and chromium in an aqueous extract.
It is applicable to paper and paperboard with extractable metal contents exceeding
-   0,1 mg per kg for cadmium,
-   0,6 mg per kg for lead,
-   0,25 mg per kg for chromium.
Metal content levels below those given can be measured by this document if very sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.

ISO 11475:2017 specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers and boards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards with or without fluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIE D65 daylight standard illuminant. It is based on reflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO brightness which is limited to the blue region of VIS.
In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV content to correspond to the CIE D65 daylight illuminant[10][11], insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon the UV content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is specific for white fluorescent paper samples where the emission due to the fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) occurs in the blue region of the visible spectrum.
This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes.
ISO 11475:2017 should be read in conjunction with ISO 2469.
NOTE 1 This document is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE 15.3-2004[9].
NOTE 2 A related International Standard, ISO 11476, specifying the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance of these products under indoor illumination, has also been published.

ISO 2528:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the water vapour transmission rate (often erroneously called "permeability") of sheet materials.
This method is not generally recommended for use if the transmission rate is expected to be less than 1 g/m2 per day or for materials thicker than 3 mm. In such cases the method specified in ISO 9932 is preferred.
The method cannot be applied to film materials that are damaged by hot wax or that shrink to an appreciable extent under the test conditions used.
For some purposes it may be necessary to determine the transmission rate of creased material; a procedure for this is given in Annex A.

ISO 9416:2017 specifies a method for the calculation of light-scattering and light-absorption coefficients based upon diffuse reflectance measurements made under the conditions specified in ISO 2469 using the colour matching function ȳ(λ) and CIE illuminant C.
It is emphasized that the strict evaluation of the light-scattering and light-absorption coefficients requires conditions which cannot be achieved with the instrumentation specified here. The values obtained by application of this document are dependent on the application of the Kubelka-Munk equations, not to full reflectance data but to reflectance factor data obtained using the specified d/0° geometry and a gloss trap.
The use of the method is restricted to white and near-white uncoated papers with an opacity less than about 95 %. Paper that has been treated with a fluorescent dyestuff or that exhibits significant fluorescence can only be dealt with if a filter with a cut-off wavelength of 420 nm is used to eliminate all the fluorescence effect in the UVex(420) mode.

ISO 287:2017 specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board. The procedure in Clause 8, describing how the test pieces are drawn from the lot, is performed at the time of sampling.
ISO 287:2017 is applicable to every type of lot of paper and board, including corrugated board and solid board, provided that the paper or board does not contain any substances, other than water, that are volatile at the temperature specified in this document.
NOTE       For determination of the dry matter content of a sample of paper or board, e.g. for calculation of the dry mass of the sample, ISO 638[1] can be used.

ISO 11476:2016 specifies the procedure to be used for determining the CIE whiteness of papers and boards, in order to obtain values which correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards, with or without fluorescent whitening agents, when they are viewed indoors. It is based on radiance factor data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO brightness, which is limited to the blue region of VIS. It also specifies the procedures for the determination of CIE tint values and the fluorescent component of CIE whiteness.
In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to that of CIE illuminant C,[10][12] since the results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon the UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. The CIE illuminant C is taken to be representative of indoor illumination conditions because it contains a suitable proportion of UV radiation.[7] This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes. It is specific to the situation where the fluorescence occurs in the blue region of the visible spectral range.
ISO 11476:2016 is read in conjunction with ISO 2469.