79.060 - Wood-based panels
ICS 79.060 Details
Wood-based panels
Platten auf Holzbasis
Panneaux a base de bois
Lesne plošče
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 79.060 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Wood-based panels". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 752 standards classified under ICS 79.060 (Wood-based panels). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a method for measuring the thickness, length and width of test pieces of wood-based panels.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for measuring the thickness, length and width of test pieces of wood-based panels.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
When utilizing the classification system for derivation of plywood characteristic values, this document can only be applied with reference to EN 636.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties for plywood complying with EN 636 in bending, tension, compression, panel shear and planar shear. EN 636 classifies bending properties into two sets of classes, one for stiffness and another for strength. Stiffness and strength in tension and compression are related to the same properties in bending.
For shear properties, fixed values determined by correlation to density are provided.
Where optimized values are needed, the characteristic values are determined directly by testing in accordance with EN 789 and EN 1058 or by combination of testing according to the latter two standards and calculation according to EN 14272.
This document applies to panels complying with the three following conditions:
— 5 layers or more and 6 mm overall thickness and more;
— the ratio of the cumulative thickness of veneers in alternate directions does not exceed 2.5;
— wood species with a mean density greater than 350 kg/m3 and not exceeding 750 kg/m3.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
This document includes the characteristic values of both the mechanical properties and density for the panels set out below:
— OSB/2, OSB/3 and OSB/4, complying with EN 300;
— Particleboard, P4, P5 P6, P7 complying with EN 312;
— Hardboard, HB.HLA2 complying with EN 622 2;
— Medium board, MBH.LA2 complying with EN 622 3;
— MDF.LA and MDF.HLS complying with EN 622 5;
— MDF.RWH complying with EN 622 5.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
This document includes the characteristic values of both the mechanical properties and density for the panels set out below:
— OSB/2, OSB/3 and OSB/4, complying with EN 300;
— Particleboard, P4, P5 P6, P7 complying with EN 312;
— Hardboard, HB.HLA2 complying with EN 622 2;
— Medium board, MBH.LA2 complying with EN 622 3;
— MDF.LA and MDF.HLS complying with EN 622 5;
— MDF.RWH complying with EN 622 5.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
When utilizing the classification system for derivation of plywood characteristic values, this document can only be applied with reference to EN 636.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties for plywood complying with EN 636 in bending, tension, compression, panel shear and planar shear. EN 636 classifies bending properties into two sets of classes, one for stiffness and another for strength. Stiffness and strength in tension and compression are related to the same properties in bending.
For shear properties, fixed values determined by correlation to density are provided.
Where optimized values are needed, the characteristic values are determined directly by testing in accordance with EN 789 and EN 1058 or by combination of testing according to the latter two standards and calculation according to EN 14272.
This document applies to panels complying with the three following conditions:
— 5 layers or more and 6 mm overall thickness and more;
— the ratio of the cumulative thickness of veneers in alternate directions does not exceed 2.5;
— wood species with a mean density greater than 350 kg/m3 and not exceeding 750 kg/m3.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of free melamine in coated and uncoated wood-based-panels.
NOTE 1 It is also applicable to other wood-based products, to other solid products e.g. impregnates or decorative paper and to liquid materials.
The determination of melamine is performed by extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and ultraviolet (UV) detection.
NOTE 2 For determination of melamine in foodstuff, EN 16858 is applicable. For determination of melamine in animal feeding stuffs, EN 17212 is applicable. For determination of melamine in textiles, EN ISO 1833-26 is applicable.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of free melamine in coated and uncoated wood-based-panels.
NOTE 1 It is also applicable to other wood-based products, to other solid products e.g. impregnates or decorative paper and to liquid materials.
The determination of melamine is performed by extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and ultraviolet (UV) detection.
NOTE 2 For determination of melamine in foodstuff, EN 16858 is applicable. For determination of melamine in animal feeding stuffs, EN 17212 is applicable. For determination of melamine in textiles, EN ISO 1833-26 is applicable.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.
- Technical report31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate.
Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate.
Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies the requirements for softboards as defined in EN 316, with a density from 230 kg/ m3 to 400 kg/ m3.
The values listed in this document relate to product properties but they are not characteristic values to be used in design calculations.
NOTE Panels which are intended for use exclusively as thermal insulating products are covered by EN 13171.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for softboards as defined in EN 316, with a density from 230 kg/ m3 to 400 kg/ m3.
The values listed in this document relate to product properties but they are not characteristic values to be used in design calculations.
NOTE Panels which are intended for use exclusively as thermal insulating products are covered by EN 13171.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).
3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.3 Two test methods are included:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this stan...
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard80 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard80 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a measure of the dimensional stability and integrity of the coated edge of various composite wood products under accelerated moisture stress. It is widely used as an indicator or predictor of the anticipated performance of composite wood products during exterior exposure. It may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. It may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated or uncoated composite wood products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of swelling and cracking of the coated or uncoated edge of a composite wood substrate that has been subjected to wetting by a test solution containing surface active agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification also establishes several procedures used to test rim board products and assemblies, to judge their acceptability, and to establish allowable design capacities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification does not apply to commodity rim board products.
1.2 This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies fall outside the scope of this specification.
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %.
1.5 This specification provides methods to establish “allowable stress” design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with “load and resistance factor design” or “limit states design” are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.6 Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification.
1.7 The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers.
1.8 Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple quantitative measure of water absorption by coated wood or wood based products.
5.2 This test method has demonstrated utility for wood or wood based products ranging in thickness from approximately 6 mm to 25 mm (1/4 in. to 1 in.).
5.3 Conditioning of substrate, coated sample preparation, application method, dry film thickness, cure conditions, and number of replicate specimens should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier of the coating material.
5.4 Such measurements are used as indicators or predictors of the anticipated performance of coated wood or wood based products during exterior exposure. They may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. They may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated wood and wood based products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of liquid water that passes through a wetted paint film, and which is subsequently absorbed and retained by the underlying wood or wood-based substrate. Alternative techniques for the use of the “Cobb Ring” apparatus are described.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This practice details the standard procedures for establishing the allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber (glulam). Allowable properties include: stress indexes; stress modification factors associated with slop of grain; stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain; horizontal shear; compression perpendicular to the grain; radial tension and compression stresses in curved members; grade adjustment factors; modulus of elasticity; and modulus of rigidity. This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered. It does not cover the requirements for production, inspection and certification, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for establishing allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber. Included are the allowable stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain, horizontal shear, compression perpendicular to the grain, and radial tension and compression in curved members. Also included are modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity.
1.2 This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered.
1.3 Requirements for production, inspection and certification are not included, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards. Refer to ANSI A190.1 and CSA O122.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in SI units are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the corner impact damage that could be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method shall be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance and other damage that may occur during the rough handling of wood-base panels or composite materials. This test method is suitable for all wood-base panels such as plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard, particleboard and medium density fiberboard as well as other composite panel products.
1.2 This test method covers determination and evaluation of the effects of panels being dropped from various heights with a predetermined amount of dead load and angle of impact to simulate an equivalent field application.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms and classifications essential for the business of Subcommittee D07.03.
1.2 Terms and classifications for inclusion in this terminology standard when needed for general use in the conduct of the standards over which Subcommittee D07.03 has jurisdiction.
1.3 The terms in this standard pertain to cellulosic boards or panel products derived from wood and the woody tissue of such plants as bagasse, flax, and straw. They fall into two general groups: (1) those manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers and fiber bundles where in manufacture the interfelting of the fibers and a natural bond are characteristics, and (2) those boards manufactured from a wide range in size and shape of particles ranging from fine elements approaching fibers in size to large flakes which are blended with synthetic resin adhesive and consolidated into boards characterized by the resin bond and usually known as resin-bonded particleboards or more commonly as particleboards.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
- made from naturally durable materials;
- made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
- treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to the adhesive;
- specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures quantitatively the effects of water soaking and drying, and their associated swelling and shrinking stresses on adhesive bonds in overlay-laminated assemblies.
4.2 Adhesive bond performance is based on the ability of the adhesive and adhesive bonds to resist delamination during accelerated exposure to water and heat.
4.3 Resistance to delamination when subjected to environmental factors is critical to the performance of the laminated assembly in service.
4.4 This test method is to be used to determine the quality of adhesive bonds in overlay-wood core laminates after the adhesive has been certified by a specification appropriate for the product, class, and end use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the quality of bond between an overlay and a wood core in an adhesively bonded laminate. The quality of bond is determined by measuring the resistance to delamination of the adhesively bonded laminate when tested under specific conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. Such products include, but are not limited to, window and door components, such as stiles and rails, and other overlaid panels. Typical wood-based cores are finger-jointed lumber, particleboard, oriented strand board, and hardboard. Typical overlays would be veneer, high-pressure laminate, high-density polyethylene, and fiberglass-reinforced plastic.
1.2 Adhesive bond performance as measured by resistance to delamination in this test method is suitable for use in adhesive product development, manufacturing quality control, and monitoring bonding processes.
1.3 This test method does not provide guidance for determining bond line performance for plywood products.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
- made from naturally durable materials;
- made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
- treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to the adhesive;
- specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
Note 2: Test Methods D2718 describes a plate method for determination of modulus of rigidity of structural panels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
Note 1: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2022 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
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This document specifies requirements for solid wood panels as specified in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as specified in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is given in Annex A.
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This document sets out provisions regarding the performance of characteristics of the following Types of cross laminated timber for use in buildings and bridges:
- Type 1: Straight or curved cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers but no large finger joints;
- Type 2: Straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and large finger joints;
- Type 3: Straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints.
This document covers cross laminated timber of all three Types of cross laminated timber:
- manufactured according to this document, which sets up provisions for:
- boundary conditions during manufacture of cross laminated timber;
- moisture content and temperature of timber to be bonded;
- production of finger joints and bonds between layers;
- to be used in service class 1 or 2 according to EN 1995-1-1;
- made of coniferous species and poplar listed in this document;
- which may be made of layers made of different species;
- bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane or emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard;
- made of timber laminations having a nominal width between 40 mm (including) and 300 mm (including);
- built up of at least three orthogonally bonded layers (at least two of them timber layers);
- which may have, depending on the number of layers, adjacent layers bonded parallel to the grain;
- made of timber layers which are made of strength graded timber according to EN 14081-1;
-made of timber layers having nominal thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 47 mm (including);
- made of timber layers which may comprise edge bonds;
- having nominal overall thicknesses up to 500 mm.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and comprising large finger joints (Type 2):
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having the same cross-section and layup;
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having nominal cross-sectional thicknesses from 51 mm (including) up to 345 mm (including) and nominal minimum thicknesses of the outer layers not less than 17 mm (including);
- made from cross laminated timber pieces solely comprising timber layers;
- made from plane cross laminated timber pieces;
- with parallel x-axes of the jointed components;
- with large finger joints having a finger length of at least 45 mm and fingers which are visible at the two narrow sides of the components;
- having large finger joints bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints (Type 3):
- made of structural wood-based panels specified in this document;
- made of one panel per layer and;
- having thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 45 mm (including).
This document applies to cross laminated timber untreated or treated against biological attack.
This document does not cover:
- cross laminated timber treated with fire retardants;
- cross laminated timber which is produced from re-used timber or wood-based panels comprising re-used timber.
It also lays down procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVPC) of cross laminated timber.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.
5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.
1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.
Note 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2022 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for solid wood panels as specified in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as specified in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is given in Annex A.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and specific gravity are cornerstone terms that help define many useful properties of wood and wood-based materials. These terms designate concepts that have distinct definitions though they relate to the same characteristic (mass in a unit volume). Generally, in the US and Canada, density of wood is measured in terms of specific gravity, or relative density. In the wood-based composites industry and internationally the term density is often preferred.
5.2 The basic density and basic specific gravity of wood are used in the forestry industry for calculating the oven-dry weight of wood fiber contained in a known wood volume of various wood species. Thus, it serves as an indicator of the amount of wood pulp that could be produced, the workability of the material or its shipping weight. This information is referenced in various resources, including Wood Handbook.5 Note that specific gravity varies within a tree, between trees, and between species. Since the specific gravity of wood cell wall substance is practically constant for all species (approximately 1.53), it is apparent that individual specific gravity value is indicative of the amount of wood cell wall substance present. It affords a rapid and valuable test method for selection of wood for specific uses. In US and Canadian building codes, the oven-dry specific gravity is correlated to various strength characteristics of wood products (for example, compression perpendicular to grain, shear strength and fastener holding capacity).
5.3 It is often desirable to know the density or specific gravity of a living tree, a structural member already in place, a log cross section, a segment of a research element, or the earlywood or latewood layer. Therefore, it is possible that specimens will be large or small, regular or irregular in shape, and at a variety of moisture contents. These test methods give procedures that include all of these variables and provides for calculation of density and specific gr...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.
Section
Test Method A—Volume by Measurement
8
Test Method B—Volume by Water Immersion
9
Test Method C—Flotation Tube
10
Test Method D—Forstner Bit
11
Test Method E—Increment Core
12
Test Method F—Chips
13
Test Method G—Full-Size Members
14
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde by the use of a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity, or conditions designed to simulate product use. This method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. The conditions controlled in the procedure are the conditioning of specimens prior to testing, exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber, test chamber temperature and relative humidity, number of air changes per hour, and air circulation within the chamber. At the end of a specified time period in the test chamber, the air is sampled, and the concentration of formaldehyde in the air and emission rate are determined.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Significance and Use:
4.1.1 Limitations on formaldehyde concentrations in air have been established for some building products permanently installed in manufactured and conventional homes. This test method provides a standard means of testing typical product sizes, such as 1.2 m by 2.4 m (4 ft by 8 ft) sheets, at product loadings consistent with product end use.
4.2 Summary of Test Method:
4.2.1 This test method incorporates a chamber of 22 m3 (800 ft3) minimum size to evaluate formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from building products over a specified duration of time. This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. Conditions controlled in the procedure are as follows:
4.2.1.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,
4.2.1.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,
4.2.1.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,
4.2.1.4 Number of air changes per hour, and
4.2.1.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
4.2.1.6 At the end of a 16 to 20-h period in the test chamber, the air is sampled and the concentration of formaldehyde in air and emission rate are determined.
Note 3: Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from products under different conditions of air change rate or loading ratio, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde under conditions designed to simulate product use (see 11.5 and Note 9). The concentration in air and emission rate is determined in a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The general procedures are also intended for testing product combinations at product-loading ratios and at air-exchange rates typical of the indoor environment (1).2 The products tested, the loading ratios and the air exchange rates employed are described in the test report.
1.2 This test method determines the average formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from a number of large size samples. The average concentration and emission rate reported, thus, will not provide information on higher or lower emitting panels in the test lot.
1.3 This method is primarily used for testing newly manufactured panel products that are shipped for testing either seal-wrapped in polyethylene or with waster sheets, or with both. When this test method is used for evaluating other than newly manufactured panel products (after original application, installation or use), the method of packaging and shipping the product for testing shall be described in the test report.
1.4 The quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample taken from the chamber is determined by an adaptation of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chromotropic acid test procedure. If ...
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This document specifies the surface requirements and dimensional tolerances for decorative melamine faced boards for interior use which are common for particleboards, extruded particleboards fibreboards and sandwich boards for furniture.
This document is not applicable to boards laminated with so called priming foils or finish foils and laminates according to EN 438-1 and EN 438-2.
This document is not applicable to laminate floor coverings.
Melamine faced wood-based boards in accordance with this document can be referred to as MFB.
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This document specifies test methods for the determination of characteristics of melamine faced boards (MFB) in accordance with EN 14322.
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This document is intended to facilitate the interpretation and use of the European Standards where the testing and specification of wood preservative products are described. It aims to assist users (manufacturers, specifiers, authorities, etc.) to correlate the choice of selected test methods, wood substrates and biological agents with the efficacy requirements of wood preservatives based on their claimed target organisms and end use. This document is a source of supplementary information to the relevant standards and cannot be used as a standalone document.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended to be used to establish design capacity (both strength and stiffness) values based on testing of OSB that, at a minimum, satisfies the relevant performance requirements of PS 2.
4.2 Review and reassessment of values derived from this practice shall be conducted on a periodic basis. If a change is found to be significant, retesting or reevaluation, or both, in accordance with the procedures of this practice shall be considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basis for code recognition of design capacities for OSB structural-use panels. Procedures are provided to establish or re-evaluate design capacities for OSB structural-use panels in flatwise and axial applications. Design capacities for OSB structural-use panels in edgewise applications, such as rim board, are outside the scope of this standard. Procedures for sampling and testing are also provided. Design values stated as capacity per unit dimension are to be regarded as standard. Design capacities developed in accordance with this practice are applicable to panels intended for use in dry in-service conditions.
Note 1: This practice is based on ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria AC-182. Relative to the scope of AC-182, this practice is limited to OSB panels.
Note 2: While this practice makes reference to PS 2, this practice applies similarly to products certified to other standards such as CAN/CSA O325.
Note 3: OSB produced under PS 2 is rated with the “Exposure 1” bond classification. Exposure 1 panels covered by PS 2 are intended for dry use applications where the in-service equilibrium moisture content conditions are expected to be less than 16 %. Exposure 1 panels are intended to resist the effects of moisture due to construction delays, or other conditions of similar severity. Guidelines on use of OSB are available from manufacturers and qualified agencies.
Note 4: PS 2-10 replaced the use of nominal thicknesses with a classification term known as Performance Category, which is defined in PS 2 as “A panel designation related to the panel thickness range that is linked to the nominal panel thickness designations used in the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC).” Therefore, the PS 2 Performance Category should be considered equivalent to the term “nominal thickness” used within this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for the determination of characteristics of melamine faced boards (MFB) in accordance with EN 14322.
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