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71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general

ICS 71.080.01 Details

Organic chemicals in general

Organische Verbindungen im allgemeinen

Chimie organique en general

Organske kemikalije na splošno

General Information

Parent
71.080 - Organic chemicals

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 71.080.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Organic chemicals in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 145 standards classified under ICS 71.080.01 (Organic chemicals in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

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Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ISO
ISO 16294:2025(Main)
Basic chemical products - Basic chemicals resulting from chemical recycling - General principles

This document specifies general requirements for basic chemicals and raw materials of basic chemicals resulting from chemical recycling of organic materials. This document does not provide specific requirements for materials covered by other ISO technical committees.

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ASTM
ASTM E3274-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Management of Investigation-Derived Waste Associated with PFAS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of more than 4700 synthetic organic chemicals. PFAS can withstand high temperatures and survive highly corrosive environments. They are used in the manufacture of coatings, surface treatments, and specialty chemicals in cookware, carpets, food packaging, clothing, cosmetics, and other common consumer products. PFAS also have many industrial applications and are an active ingredient in certain types of fire-fighting foams (aqueous film-forming foams, or AFFF). PFAS coatings resist oil, grease, and water. PFAS are persistent compounds. Therefore, PFAS should be considered for purposes of managing investigation-derived waste where PFAS is known or suspected to be present in environmental media.  
4.1.1 PFAS are emerging contaminants for which environmental regulations and guidance are dynamic and are being developed simultaneously at federal, state, local, and international levels as more is learned about their characteristics, environmental fate, and management/treatment. Therefore, site-specific rules, regulations, and guidance should be evaluated for options and restrictions on management of PFAS  investigation-derived waste. For example, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection has determined that PFAS wastes are “hazardous materials” subject to the Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material Release Prevention and Response Act (M.G.L. Chapter 21E) and the Massachusetts Contingency Plan. Other states and jurisdictions may have or will develop and implement similar determinations that affect the on-site management, storage, and labeling and off-site transportation requirements for PFAS  investigation-derived waste.  
4.1.2 Given the characteristics and persistence of PFAS compounds, PFAS  investigation-derived waste presents special handling and treatment/disposal considerations. EPA recently issued Interim Guidance on the Destruction and Disposal of Perfluoralkyl and Polyfluoralky...
SCOPE
1.1 Existing guidance on the management of investigation-derived waste is focused upon cuttings, purge water, personal protective equipment, and other miscellaneous solid waste generated at property that may be impacted by the release of hazardous materials and hazardous substances. These hazardous substances include, but are not limited to, heavy metals, petroleum, petroleum byproducts, solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic corrosives, radioactive material, and explosives. Guidance on the management of investigation derived waste generated at sites that may be impacted by releases of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is limited. This standard guide addresses this deficiency  
1.2 This guide describes best practices for managing investigation-derived waste associated with PFAS that are consistent with federal and state policies and regulations at the date of issuance. The user is advised to determine if new regulations or rules have been promulgated by the state, federal, or tribal regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the property.  
1.3 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of liquid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into wastewater treatment plants or systems that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.  
1.4 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of solid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into landfills or other solid waste disposal facilities that are not permitted to receive these waste streams.  
1.5 This guide describes several stormwater pollution prevention best management practices applicable to investigation-derived waste.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,...

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ASTM
ASTM E1064-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The coulometric technique is especially suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids that would yield small titers by the Karl Fischer volumetric procedure. The precision and accuracy of the coulometric technique decreases for concentrations of water much greater than 2.0 % because of the difficulty in measuring the small size of sample required. The test method assumes 100 % efficiency of coulombs in iodine production. Provision is made for verifying this efficiency. (See Table 1 and Note 5.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 % to 2.0 % mass in most liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure. Use of this test method is not applicable for liquefied gas products such as Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Butane, Propane, Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), etc.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5236-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
5.2 The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations.  
5.3 Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties.
Note 1: While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties.  
5.4 Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins.  
5.5 This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.  
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.  
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.  
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.  
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:  
1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of Temperature Response Time,  
1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,  
1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,  
1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and  
1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wettage.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and A2.3.1.3.  
1.8 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing...

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ASTM
ASTM D1722-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble Solvents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water-insoluble materials present in a solvent expected to be completely water miscible may interfere with many uses of the solvent. This test method provides a measure of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with a polar medium-water. It also provides a qualitative indication of the presence or absence of water-immiscible contaminants.  
4.2 The results of this test method may be used in assessing compliance with a specification. Prior to agreeing to this test method as the basis of a specification requirement, it may be desirable that the interpretation of what constitutes cloudiness or turbidity be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with water. While written specifically for testing acetone, isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), and methyl alcohol (methanol), the method is suitable for testing most water-soluble solvents.  
1.2 This test method serves to detect water-immiscible contaminants qualitatively; the level of detection of these impurities varies widely with both the type of solvent and the type of impurity.  
1.3 The level of detection of water-insoluble materials depends upon the solvent tested and the type of impurity or impurities present, that is paraffin, olefin, aromatic, high molecular weight alcohol, or ketone, etc. There is, therefore, no specific level of impurity detected by this procedure.  
Note 1: This test method is normally performed at ambient, but other temperatures may be used as specified by the consumer and supplier.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this test method.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E659-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor.  
5.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration.  
5.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system.  
5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs.  
5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite.  
5.6 This test method can be used, with appropriate modifications, for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure.  
5.7 This test method was developed primarily for liquid chemicals but has been employed to test readily vaporized solids. Responsibility for extension of this test method to solids of unknown thermal stability, boiling point, or degradation characteristics rests with the operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.  
Note 1: Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Note 2: After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2.  
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D611-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aniline point (or mixed aniline point) is useful as an aid in the characterization of pure hydrocarbons and in the analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures. Aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit the lowest, and paraffins the highest values. Cycloparaffins and olefins exhibit values that lie between those for paraffins and aromatics. In homologous series the aniline points increase with increasing molecular weight. Although it occasionally is used in combination with other physical properties in correlative methods for hydrocarbon analysis, the aniline point is most often used to provide an estimate of the aromatic hydrocarbon content of mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. Test Method A is suitable for transparent samples with an initial boiling point above room temperature and where the aniline point is below the bubble point and above the solidification point of the aniline-sample mixture. Test Method B, a thin-film method, is suitable for samples too dark for testing by Test Method A. Test Methods C and D are for samples that may vaporize appreciably at the aniline point. Test Method D is particularly suitable where only small quantities of sample are available. Test Method E describes a procedure using an automatic apparatus suitable for the range covered by Test Methods A and B.  
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the mixed aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents having aniline points below the temperature at which aniline will crystallize from the aniline-sample mixture.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6875-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for process control during the manufacture of organic chemicals described in Section 1, for setting specifications, for development and research work, and to determine if contamination was introduced during shipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a general procedure for determining the solidification point of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and solidification points between 4 °C and 41 °C.
Note 1: Other test methods for determining freeze point and solidification point of aromatic hydrocarbons include Test Methods D852, D1015, D1016, D3799, D4493, and D6269.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to relatively pure compounds only. Solidification point depression is dependent on impurity concentrations.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with applicable specifications using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the “rounding-off method” of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8, Hazards.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1547-09(2023)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers terminology relating to industrial and specialty chemicals. It is intended to provide an understanding of terms commonly used in test methods, practices, and specifications throughout the industry.  
Note 1: The boldface numbers following each definition refer to E15 standards in which the definition appears. Lightface numbers refer to the E15 subcommittee having jurisdiction.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E324-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Initial and Final Melting Points and the Melting Range of Organic Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).
Note 1: Other ASTM test methods using melting (or freezing point) data to indicate sample purity are Test Methods D852 and D6875.  
5.2 The relatively simple and rapid test prescribed in this test method shows the sample under test to be either more or less pure than the standard sample. For specification purposes, a minimum allowable purity can be assured by setting limits on the differences in final melting points and the melting ranges between the standard sample and the sample under test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to crystalline materials that are sufficiently stable in storage to met the requirements of a satisfactory standard sample as defined in Section 7.  
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to opaque materials or to noncrystalline materials such as waxes, fats, and fatty acids.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1858-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidative induction time is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at the isothermal temperature of the test. The presence, quantity or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by this method. The OIT values thus obtained may be compared from one hydrocarbon to another or to a reference material to obtain relative oxidative stability information.  
5.2 Typical uses include the oxidative stability of edible oils and fats (oxidative rancidity), lubricants, greases, and polyolefins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry and is applicable to hydrocarbons that oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form.  
1.2 Test Method A—A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure, for example, about 100 kPa of oxygen.  
1.3 Test Method B—A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Imperial units are provided for user convenience and are not the standard.  
1.5 These test methods are related to ISO 11357–6 but is different in technical content. These test methods are related to CEC L-85–T but includes additional experimental conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.4 and 12.10.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1157-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7423-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities. The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E300-03(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Representative samples of industrial chemicals are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.  
5.2 The objective of sampling is to obtain a small portion (spot sample) of material from a selected area within a container which is representative of the material in the area or, in the case of running or all-level samples, a sample whose composition is representative of the total material in the container. A series of spot samples may be combined to create a representative sample.  
5.3 Manual and Automatic Sampling Considerations—The selection of manual or automatic sampling devices is part of establishing a sampling plan applied under all conditions within the scope of this practice provided that the proper sampling procedures are followed. Both types of sampling are commonly used for liquid, solid, and slurry sampling and require adherence to the following:  
5.3.1 An adequate frequency of sampling must be selected.  
5.3.2 The equipment to support manual or automatic sampling systems may be obtained commercially, fabricated from the designs presented in this practice, or constructed as needed to satisfy process design or other specific requirements.  
5.3.3 The sampling equipment must be maintained on a regular basis, and the sampling plan adopted must be strictly followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling several classes of industrial chemicals. It also includes recommendations for determining the number and location of such samples, to ensure their being representative of the lot in accordance with accepted probability sampling principles.  
1.2 Although this practice describes specific procedures for sampling various liquids, solids, and slurries, in bulk or in packages, these recommendations only outline the principles to be observed. They should not take precedence over specific sampling instructions contained in other ASTM product or method standards.  
1.3 These procedures are covered as follows:    
Sections  
Statistical Considerations  
7 – 11    
Simple Liquids  
12 – 27    
Solids  
28 – 35    
Slurries  
36 – 41  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 6, 19, 20, 30, 34 and 37.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5351-93(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Extraction Titration, Test Method B

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for the determination of organically combined sulfuric anhydride in sulfated oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the organically combined sulfuric anhydride existing in a sample of sulfated oil by extracting the undecomposed sulfated fat and other fatty matter over an acidulated, concentrated salt solution, boiling the residue with sulfuric acid after evaporating the solvent, and titrating the products of reaction. This test method is applicable only to sulfated oils that split off their combined SO3 upon boiling with mineral acids, including samples containing sodium acetate or other compounds that cannot be accurately titrated in water solution with methyl orange as the indicator. This test method was derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 20 through 24, and ALCA Method H-43.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E502-21a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2).  
5.3 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D56, D93, and D3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials.  
5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E1232) instead of flash point.  
5.5 For single component samples, small-scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred.  
5.6 For mixtures containing small concentrations of volatile components, special procedures are needed to minimize the loss of volatiles, with consequent elevation of the flash point, while the sample is being heated. (See X2.5.)  
5.7 In cases where errors caused by loss of volatiles, downwards flame direction and quenching are unacceptable, the “lower temperature limit of flammability” can be determined instead using Test Method E1232. The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below −10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, D3828, and D3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.  
1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).  
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website — http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm — for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to ad...

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ASTM
ASTM D4308-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in fuel due to handling depend largely on the ionic species present which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electrical conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is inversely related to conductivity. This test method can supplement Test Method D2624 which is limited to fuels containing static dissipator additive.
Note 1: For low-conductivity fluids below 1 pS/m in conductivity, an ac measurement technique is preferable to a dc test method for sensing the electrical conductivity of bulk fluid.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and applies to the determination of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other similar low-conductivity hydrocarbon liquids in the range from 1 pS/m to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.3 and Annex A1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7911-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Using Reference Material to Characterize Measurement Bias Associated with Volatile Organic Compound Emission Chamber Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chamber testing is a globally-accepted method for measuring the emissions of VOCs from building materials and products. Chamber emission test data have a variety of uses including identification and labeling of products as low-VOC emitting for improved indoor air quality, manufacturing quality control, and development of new and improved products for reduced VOC emissions.  
5.2 Currently, an inter-laboratory study (ILS) is the most frequently used method for assessing the bias of a laboratory’s VOC emission test results. An ILS typically relies on a VOC source with an uncharacterized emission rate. Consequently, a large number of participants (Practice E691 recommends 30, with a minimum requirement of six) are needed to produce the data required to calculate a laboratory’s performance relative to the central tendency and distribution of the results for all participants. Due to the participant size requirement and other logistical issues, an ILS involves significant planning and coordination to achieve useful results.  
5.3 Inter-laboratory studies have often shown significant variations in measured VOC emission rates among participating laboratories for a given source. Variability in the emission rate from the source often is suspected to be a contributing factor, but it is difficult to be certain of the cause. Thus, better characterized sources are needed for evaluating the ability of laboratories to generate VOC emission test results with acceptable bias as discussed in 8.6.  
5.4 Proficiency tests (PT) for VOC emission testing typically focus on a laboratory’s analytical capabilities. For example, an analytical PT relies on a certified standard prepared by an accredited vendor as a reference. A laboratory analyzes the PT sample without knowledge of its concentration value. Acceptance of the results is judged by the deviation from the known value. Use of reference materials can expand analytical PT schemes to also include the impacts of test sample handlin...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures for using a reference material with a known emission rate of a volatile organic compound (VOC) to estimate the bias associated with a VOC emission chamber test.  
1.2 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions conducted in a variety of environmental chambers, such as small-scale chambers, full-scale chambers, emission cells, and micro-scale chambers.  
1.3 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions from a variety of sources including “dry” materials (for example, carpet, floor tile and particleboard) and “wet” materials (for example, paint and cleaning products).  
1.4 This guide can be used to support quality control efforts by emissions testing laboratories, third party accreditation of testing laboratories participating in emissions testing programs, and quality control efforts by manufacturers of building and other materials.  
1.5 This guide may be used to support the determination of precision and bias of other commonly used VOC emission standards including Guide D5116, Test Method D6007, ISO 16000-9, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1, and CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.2.  
1.6 This guide also describes the attributes of a suitable emission reference material and the different methods available to independently determine the reference material’s VOC emission rate.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles ...

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ASTM
ASTM D5871-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Benzene for Cyclohexane Feedstock

ABSTRACT
This specification covers benzene for cyclohexane feedstock. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of cyclohexane feedstock: benzene content, sulfur content, thiophene content, toluene plus methylcyclohexane content, methylcyclopentane content, N-hexane content, acid wash color, appearance, color, water content, and solidification point with anhydrous basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers benzene for cyclohexane feedstock.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations supplier’s Safety Data Sheets for all materials used in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5350-95(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for the determination of organically combined sulfuric anhydride in sulfated oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the organically combined sulfuric anhydride existing in a sample of sulfated oil by boiling the sample with sulfuric acid and determining the acidity of the reaction mixture. This test method is applicable only to oils that split off their combined SO3 upon boiling with mineral acids and that do not contain compounds that cannot be accurately titrated in water solution with methyl orange as the indicator. This test method was derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 15 through 19.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1078-11(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a method of measurement of distillation range of volatile organic liquids. The relative volatility of organic liquids can be used with other tests for identification and measurement of quality. Therefore, this test method provides a test procedure for assessing compliance with a specification.  
5.2 This test method also provides an empirical value of residue, solvent recovery capacity, and loss (or non-recovery) on heating. Organic liquids are used as solvents in many chemical processes. As the relative volatility, residual matter and recovery capability affect the efficiency of these processes, this test method is useful in manufacturing control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distillation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350 °C, that are chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or automatic distillation procedures.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermediates, and blends thereof.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.6 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5352-95(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride Ash-Gravimetric, Test Method C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for the determination of organically combined sulfuric anhydride in sulfonated and sulfated fats and oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the organically combined sulfuric anhydride existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by extracting the undecomposed sulfonated or sulfated fat and other fatty matter over an acidulated, concentrated salt solution, and ashing the purified extract. This test method is applicable to all types of sulfonated and sulfated oils, including true sulfonic acid oils and those containing sodium acetate or similar partially titratable compounds. This test method was derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 25 through 28.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5790-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Purgeable organic compounds have been identified as contaminants in treated drinking water, wastewater, ground water, and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leachate. These contaminants may be harmful to the environment and to people. Purge and trap sampling is a generally applicable procedure for concentrating these components prior to gas chromatographic analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the identification and simultaneous measurement of purgeable volatile organic compounds. It has been validated for treated drinking water, wastewater, and ground water. This test method is not limited to these particular aqueous matrices; however, the applicability of this test method to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of organic compounds that have sufficiently high volatility and low water solubility to be efficiently removed from water samples using purge and trap procedures. Table 1 lists the compounds that have been validated for this test method. This test method is not limited to the compounds listed in Table 1; however, the applicability of the test method to other compounds must be demonstrated.  
1.3 Analyte concentrations up to approximately 200 μg/L may be determined without dilution of the sample. Analytes that are inefficiently purged from water will not be detected when present at low concentrations, but they can be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision when present in sufficient amounts.  
1.4 Analytes that are not separated chromatographically, but that have different mass spectra and non-interfering quantitation ions, can be identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample. Analytes that have very similar mass spectra cannot be individually identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample unless they have different retention times. Coeluting compounds with very similar mass spectra, such as structural isomers, must be reported as an isomeric group or pair. Two of the three isomeric xylenes are examples of structural isomers that may not be resolved on the capillary column, and if not, must be reported as an isomeric pair.  
1.5 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for untested matrices.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5386-16(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary objective of the visual method of Pt-Co color measurement, as defined in Test Method D8005, is to rate specific materials for yellowness. This yellowness is frequently the result of the undesirable tendency of liquid hydrocarbons to absorb blue light due to contamination in processing, storage or shipping.  
4.2 Clear liquids can be rated for light absorbing yellowish or brownish contaminants using scales that simulate the long-established visual-comparison method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an instrumental method for the CIE (Commission International de l’Eclairage) tristimulus measurement of the color of near-clear liquid samples. The transmission measurement values are converted to the color scale in the platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) system.  
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the color measurement of clear, liquid samples, free of haze, with nominal Pt-Co color values in the 0 to 100 range. It is applicable to non-fluorescent liquids with light absorption characteristics similar to those of the Pt-Co color standard solutions.  
1.3 The tristimulus colorimetry may be calculated from spectral measurements or be obtained directly from a colorimeter. Practice E1455 provides some guidance on colorimeters, while Test Methods D1686 and D2108 deal with the visual and instrumental measurement of near-clear liquids.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded in accordance with the rounding off methods of Practice E29.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

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ASTM D3505-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specification, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for which expansion functions are known, it may also be used for liquids for which temperature expansion data are not available, or for impure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are observed. Information derived from this test can be used to describe the relationship between weight and volume.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 79 993 Pascal (0.800 bar, 600 mm Hg (0.789 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20°C.  
1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:
Density g/cm3 at 20°C
Density g/mL at 20°C
Relative density 20°C/4°C
Relative density 15.56°C/15.56°C
Note 1: This test method is based on the old definition of 1 L = 1.000028 dm3 (1 mL = 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word “litre” was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL = 1 cm3 exactly.
Note 2: An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.  
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8, Hazards.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method described a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 79 993 Pascal (0.800 bar, 600 mm Hg (0.789 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20 °C.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in August 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

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ASTM D1015-05(2015)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity Hydrocarbons (Withdrawn 2019)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The freezing point measured by this test method, when used in conjunction with the physical constants for the hydrocarbons listed in Test Method D1016, allows the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the precise measurement of the freezing points of high-purity hydrocarbons.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 5.1, 6.1 and 6.2.  
Note 1: For the calculation of the molal purity of essentially pure compounds from measured freezing points and for procedures to be used for the sampling and determination of purity of certain specific compounds, see Test Method D1016.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a procedure for the precise measurement of the freezing points of high-purity hydrocarbons.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in December 2019 for the following reasons: (1) D1015 was developed, along with D1016, in the 1940s for the purpose of determination of purity of hydrocarbons using freezing point measurements. This method of testing hydrocarbon purity has been replaced by more precise instrument techniques such as gas chromatography in the industry. (2) The precision statements (repeatability and reproducibility) do not conform to current ASTM requirements and the precision of the method was not obtained in accordance with RR: D02-1007 or ASTM D6300. This standard, together with its companion method D1015, are being withdrawn with no replacement because it is no longer relevant as it is not used by the industry.

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ASTM D1016-05(2015)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points (Withdrawn 2019)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The experimental procedures and physical constants provided by this test method, when used in conjunction with Test Method D1015, allow the determination of the purity of the material under test. A knowledge of the purity of these hydrocarbons is often needed to help control their manufacture and to determine their suitability for use as reagent chemicals or for conversion to other chemical intermediates or finished products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given.2 The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: (Warning—Extremely flammable liquids and liquefied gases.)    
n-butane  
1,3-butadiene  
isobutane  
isoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)  
n-pentane  
benzene  
isopentane  
toluene (methylbenzene)  
n-hexane  
ethylbenzene  
n-heptane  
o-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene)  
n-octane  
m-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene)  
2,2,4-trimethylpentane  
p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)  
methylcyclohexane  
styrene (ethenylbenzene)  
isobutene  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 1, 6, 8, and 10 – 26.  
Note 1: This test method covers systems in which the impurities form with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given substance.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the sampling and determination of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in December 2019 for the following reasons: (1) D1015 was developed, along with D1016, in the 1940s for the purpose of determination of purity of hydrocarbons using freezing point measurements. This method of testing hydrocarbon purity has been replaced by more precise instrument techniques such as gas chromatography in the industry. (2) The precision statements (repeatability and reproducibility) do not conform to current ASTM requirements and the precision of the method was not obtained in accordance with RR: D02-1007 or ASTM D6300. This standard, together with its companion method D1015, is being withdrawn with no replacement because it is no longer relevant as it is not used by the industry.

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ASTM F1525/F1525M-09(Guide)
Standard Guide for Use of Membrane Technology in Mitigating Hazardous Chemical Spills (Withdrawn 2015)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General—This guide contains information regarding the use of membrane technology to recover and concentrate hazardous materials that have entered surface and ground water as the result of a spill. Membrane technology may be applied alone or in conjunction with other treatment techniques, as follows:
Different types of membrane are used in series with filters to treat highly contaminated solutions reaching concentration levels of several parts per million of organic and inorganic materials.
Different types of membranes are applied in series to treat very dilute concentrations (parts per billion level) of organic and inorganic compounds. Each membrane type has the ability to remove specific compounds, thus producing a concentrated fraction. This fraction may require final off-site treatment but provides a significant reduction in transportation costs due to the large volume reduction achieved.
Membranes may be used in conjunction with destruction technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This method is recommended for dilute solutions. The membrane technology portion concentrates the compounds to an optimum level for AOP destruction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for the use of membrane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters.
1.2 This guide addresses the application of membrane technology alone or in conjunction with other technologies.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers considerations for the use of membrane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response, this guide was withdrawn in July 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

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SIST
SIST ISO 9556:1997(Main)
Steel and iron -- Determination of total carbon content -- Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace
ISO 9556:1989

The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003% (m/m) and 4,5 % (m/m). Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report. The annexes give additional information on the international co-operative tests, a graphical representation of precision data and features of induction furnaces and carbon analysers.

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