ASTM F1525/F1525M-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Membrane Technology in Mitigating Hazardous Chemical Spills (Withdrawn 2015)
Standard Guide for Use of Membrane Technology in Mitigating Hazardous Chemical Spills (Withdrawn 2015)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
General—This guide contains information regarding the use of membrane technology to recover and concentrate hazardous materials that have entered surface and ground water as the result of a spill. Membrane technology may be applied alone or in conjunction with other treatment techniques, as follows:
Different types of membrane are used in series with filters to treat highly contaminated solutions reaching concentration levels of several parts per million of organic and inorganic materials.
Different types of membranes are applied in series to treat very dilute concentrations (parts per billion level) of organic and inorganic compounds. Each membrane type has the ability to remove specific compounds, thus producing a concentrated fraction. This fraction may require final off-site treatment but provides a significant reduction in transportation costs due to the large volume reduction achieved.
Membranes may be used in conjunction with destruction technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This method is recommended for dilute solutions. The membrane technology portion concentrates the compounds to an optimum level for AOP destruction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers considerations for the use of membrane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters.
1.2 This guide addresses the application of membrane technology alone or in conjunction with other technologies.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers considerations for the use of membrane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response, this guide was withdrawn in July 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1525/F1525M − 09
StandardGuide for
Use of Membrane Technology in Mitigating Hazardous
1
Chemical Spills
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1525/F1525M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.3 flux—a measure of the rate at which the permeate (or
filtrate) passes through the membrane per unit area of mem-
1.1 This guide covers considerations for the use of mem-
2 3 2
brane. It is reported in units of L/m /day, m /m /day, or
brane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of 2
gal/ft /day.
spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters.
2.1.4 fouling—the accumulation of unwanted deposits or
1.2 This guide addresses the application of membrane
scales on a membrane that results in a flux reduction.
technology alone or in conjunction with other technologies.
2.1.5 Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)—a method used to
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
determine the calcium scaling potential, that is, calcium
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
carbonate of a membrane at concentrations below 5000 ppm
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
TDS.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
2.1.6 membrane technology—separation of the components
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
of a fluid by means of a pressure gradient and a semipermeable
with the standard.
membrane. The various classes of membrane technology are
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
differentiated primarily by the size or molecular weight, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
both, of rejected material. The main divisions are (1) micro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
filtration (MF), (2) ultrafiltration (UF), (3) nanofiltration (NF),
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and (4) reverse osmosis (RO).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the
2.1.7 microfiltration (MF)—a pressure-driven process
responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes
whereby a contaminated liquid stream is separated using a
place under the control and direction of a qualified person with
filtration process involving a compatible membrane. Dead-
fullknowledgeofanypotentialorappropriatesafetyandhealth
endedandcrossflowtechniquesareused.Suspendedsolidsand
protocols.
macromolecules are removed on the basis of size. Pore size is
normally 0.1 to 5.0 µm, and operating pressures usually range
2. Terminology
from 20 to 350 kPa [3 to 50 psig]. Membrane materials, such
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and metal
oxides, are frequently less susceptible to chemical degradation
2.1.1 concentrate, retentate—in reverse osmosis and
than those used for other branches of this technology.
nanofiltration, respectively, the portion of the feed solution that
does not pass through the membrane is called concentrate,
2.1.8 nanofiltration (NF)—a pressure-driven process
while the term retentate is more commonly used for ultrafil-
whereby a contaminated liquid stream is separated and purified
tration and microfiltration.
by a process involving filtration, diffusion, and chemical
potential across a compatible membrane. Divalent and multi-
2.1.2 crossflow filtration—a filtration process in which the
valent species with a molecular weight above 80 are removed
feed flows almost parallel to the filter or membrane surface. It
as are uncharged and univalent molecules with a molecular
is also called tangential flow.
weight above 200. Operating pressures normally run between
1380 and 2760 kPa [200 and 400 psig].
1
2.1.9 osmotic pressure—as related to membrane technology,
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the pressure that must be applied to the more concentrated
F20.22 on Mitigation Actions.
solution to halt flow of the solvent from the less concentrated
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
solution through a semipermeable membrane into the more
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1525 – 96(2001).
DOI: 10.1520/F1525_F1525M-09. concentrated side.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F1525/F1525M − 09
2.1.10 permeate, filtrate—the stream that has passe
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