ISO/TC 22/SC 36 - Safety and impact testing

This document defines the contents and the layout of the rescue sheet providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident to support the rescue team extricating the occupants as fast and as safe as possible. This document is applicable to passenger cars and light commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. The identification of the vehicle and of the model through a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call system (e.g. eCall) or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this document. The rescue process or the process of handling the rescue sheets is not covered by this document. This document does not cover information related to education and training for rescue teams.

This document comprises a set of essential input parameters that can be used to develop or evaluate side impact test procedures for child restraint systems. Although children are undoubtedly involved in side impact collisions of differing configurations and severities, these input parameters are, in general, associated with the impact test scenario in UN Regulation No. 95 (lateral collision protection of vehicles). This vehicle type-approval regulation comprises a full-scale crash test in which the stationary test vehicle is struck at right angles by a mobile deformable barrier travelling at 50 km/h. This test scenario is the basis for most of ISO’s previous work on side impact testing for child restraint systems. NOTE Countries and regions that do not recognise UN regulations can evaluate vehicles under different conditions and can apply input parameters that reflect the vehicle crash tests in their own regulatory jurisdictions.

This document defines the measurement coordinate systems and presents the protocol to determine the sensor offsets to the chosen coordinate system. Finally, the method is presented how to process the sensor spherical coordinate system data to calculate the position of a dummy feature in three-dimensional space in the defined local orthogonal coordinate system.

This document establishes a procedure to calibrate 1D displacement transducers with nearly linear transfer functions. This procedure is tailored to the needs of sensors used in crash tests. The calibration is carried out with the sensor disassembled from the dummy or test system. The procedure is valid for sensors with analogue as well as digital output.

This document describes the state-of-the-art of prospective methods for assessing the safety performance of vehicle-integrated active safety technologies by virtual simulation. The document describes how prospective assessment of vehicle-integrated technologies provides a prediction on how advanced vehicle safety technology will perform on the roads in real traffic. The focus is on the assessment of the technology as whole and not of single components of the technology (e.g. sensors). The described assessment approach is limited to “vehicle-integrated” technology and does not consider technologies operating off-board. The virtual simulation method per se is not limited to a certain vehicle type. The assessment approach discussed in this document focuses accident avoidance and the technology’s contribution to the mitigation of the consequences. Safety technologies that act in the in-crash or the post-crash phase are not explicitly addressed by the method, although the output from prospective assessments of crash avoidance technologies can be considered as an important input to determine the overall consequences of a crash. The method is intended as an overall reference for safety performance assessment studies of pre-crash technologies by virtual simulation. The method can be applied at all stages of technology development and in assessment after the market introduction, in which a wide range of stakeholders (manufactures, insurer, governmental organisation, consumer rating organisation) could apply the method.

This document establishes an adequate procedure to determine crosstalk values in order to improve comparability of measurement results between testing laboratories and to enable a load cell performance rating in accordance to the crosstalk specification for transducers in vehicle crash testing given in ISO 6487, SAE-J211-1 and SAE J2570.

This document establishes the positioning zones, dimensions and general and static strength requirements for lower tether anchorages. Lower tether anchorages can be used together with seat bight anchorages according to ISO 13216-1, or with other methods for anchoring child restraint systems (CRS) in road vehicles. This document is applicable to all seating positions, intended by the vehicle manufacturer, for use with rearward-facing CRSs. These seating positions can include outer and mid positions in rear seats (second and third row), as well as the front passenger seat. This document also specifies requirements and strength testing of retrofit lower tether anchorages.

This document defines the number and the arrangement of temperature measuring points for anthropomorphic test devices in order to ensure that the temperature of the ATD is in accordance with the temperature corridor prescribed by the applied test procedure.

This document presents a simple means for the exchange of multimedia data on impact tests between different laboratories. A format has been developed which defines a directory structure and the exchange information as ASCII files. Related electronic documents are available on the ISO website.

This document defines the content and the layout of the rescue sheet providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident/incident to support the rescue team in rescuing the vehicle occupants as quickly and safely as possible. This document is applicable to buses, coaches and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. This document could be applicable also to other types of vehicles using similar technologies. The contents and layout considers that the rescue sheet has to be easy to use by rescue teams over the world and can be communicated in paper or electronic format. Applicable pictograms for use in the rescue sheet are provided in ISO 17840-3. Information related to propulsion energy identification is given in ISO 17840-4. The identification of the vehicle and of the model via a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call system (e.g. e-Call) system or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this document. The rescue process or the process of handling the rescue sheets is not covered by this document. NOTE The template for structuring of more in-depth rescue information is given in ISO 17840-3.

This document defines the template layout of the Emergency Response Guide (ERG) providing necessary and useful information about a vehicle involved in an accident to support the rescue team rescuing the occupants as quickly and as safely as possible, and to promote the correct action with respect to the vehicle technology concerned. The ERG also provides in-depth information related to fire, submersion and leakage of fluids. The ERG contains crucial and in-depth information linked to the rescue sheet (ISO 17840 parts 1 and 2), to inform training and development of rescue procedures. The headings/contents of the rescue sheet and the ERG information are aligned with each other, i.e. the ERG information works as an extension of the related rescue sheet. The template defines the layout and general contents, for ease of use by first and second responders. The guide can be communicated in paper or electronic format. The ERG template follows in principle a flowchart for the main actions of the first and second responders arriving at an accident scene or performing towing and other activities afterwards. The ERG can be related to a specific vehicle model, to a family of similar vehicle models, or to a certain type of vehicle technology in general. The ERG template provides a format for filling in the following necessary and useful emergency information: — relevant information for a vehicle involved in a traffic accident (including immobilisation, disabling of hazards, access to occupants, shut-off procedures, handling of stored propulsion energy); — information in case of fire or submersion; and — information regarding towing, transportation and storage. This document is applicable to passenger cars, buses, coaches, light and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. The proposed template can be beneficial for use also for other types of vehicles (e.g. trains, trams, airplanes), although this is out of the scope of this document. The identification of the vehicle and of the model via a database using the license plate, the VIN number, an automatic emergency call system (e.g. e-Call) system or other identifiers (e.g. bar code or QR code) is not covered by this document. The rescue procedure or the process of handling the ERG is not covered by this document.

This document establishes a procedure to calibrate IR-TRACC displacement transducers. Like all other sensors used on dummies, calibration is required. The calibration is carried out with the sensor disassembled from the dummy. The procedure is valid for sensors with analogue as well as digital output.

This document classifies the spatial requirements in a vehicle to enable a child restraint system (CRS) to be conveniently mounted. It also specifies the dimensions of child restraint systems, to ensure that they will fit in vehicles. A classification scheme is provided to determine dimensional compatibility between child restraint systems and the available space at specified seating positions in vehicles. The dimensional requirements refer to forward-facing child restraint systems of three size categories, rearward-facing child restraint systems of three size categories, and lateral-facing child restraint systems of two categories. This edition of the document also incorporates size classification of booster systems.

This document defines performance criteria for an optical data channel used in impact tests on road vehicles, when numerical time and space data are taken from images to analyse impact test results. The objective of this document is to facilitate comparison between results obtained by different laboratories by specifying minimum quality criteria. Annexes A, B, C and D present a method of measuring several indices like quality parameters of sub processes of the optical data channel, using a calibration target, reference distances and analysis systems.

This document specifies requirements and other design information which became available since 2013 for the WorldSID 50th percentile side-impact dummy, a standardized anthropomorphic dummy for side-impact tests of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving: — passenger vehicles of category M1 and goods vehicles of category N1; — impacts to the side of the vehicle structure; and — impact tests involving use of an anthropomorphic dummy as a human surrogate for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.

This document specifies information for the field collection of traffic accident data that is necessary or may assist in the evaluation of occupant restraint systems in passenger cars and trucks. The specific occupant restraints covered are seat belts, head restraints, knee protection, airbag systems and child restraint systems. This document does not cover an assessment of the structural performance of the vehicle for which items such as crush, intrusion, and structural architecture may be necessary.

This document defines the labels and related colours for indication of the fuel and/or energy used for propulsion of a road vehicle, especially for the case of new vehicle technology and/or power sources, including hybrid drive lines. The communication of propulsion energy and related hazards is made in a logical and modular way to facilitate the understanding. This document is applicable to passenger cars, buses, coaches, light and heavy commercial vehicles according to ISO 3833. This document does not cover fuels being part of truck cargo. The usage of the label includes, but is not limited to, the rescue sheet (ISO 17840-1 and ISO 17840-2[1]) and the emergency response guide (ISO 17840-3[2]). [1]Under preparation. Stage at time of publication: ISO/DIS 17840-2. [2]Under preparation. Stage at time of publication: ISO/DIS 17840-3.

This document specifies the child seat presence and orientation detection (CPOD) resonator as part of the CPOD system. It defines the electrical and environmental requirements to be met by the resonators as a condition for CPOD compatibility.

This document specifies a child seat presence detection system that enables child seats placed on any passenger seats to be automatically detected where a child is at risk from an active airbag. The system provides the option of using additional information about the orientation of the child seat. This document specifies the minimum functional requirements in order to ensure compatibility between child seat presence and orientation detection system (CPOD) child seats and CPOD passenger seats. Compatibility measurements and labelling requirements complement the obligatory specifications of this document. This document also provides design recommendations which are not compulsory when claiming compliance with ISO/TS 22239. However, these recommendations, based on experience of proven designs, provide useful guidance to designers to avoid erroneous designs and thus, enable designers to reduce time and cost of CPOD development. The tell-tale "child seat detected" required for a CPOD vehicle, the specific labelling required for a CPOD vehicle and CPOD child seat and the detailed information about the CPOD system functionality required for owner's manuals of CPOD vehicles and CPOD child seats will mitigate considerably the misuse probability. The document does not provide a failsafe physical mechanism that prevents the installation of non-CPOD child seats in a CPOD vehicle or vice versa. ISO/TS 22239 applies only to child restraint systems in which the child is orientated in the forward or rearward driving direction. NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the term "child seat" is used as an abbreviation of "CPOD child seat". NOTE 2 Throughout this document, the term "passenger seat" is used as an abbreviation of "CPOD-equipped passenger seat".

ISO 29061-3:2017 specifies the criteria for judgement of usability of child restraint systems (CRS) when installing them with the vehicle seat belts. ISO 29061-3:2017 provides criteria for judgement of: - ease of availability of instructions; - clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and - ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to the installation in a vehicle. NOTE Booster system usability evaluation is covered by ISO 29061-5.

ISO 29061-5:2017 provides criteria for judgement of usability of booster seat child restraint systems (CRS) when installing them and securing a child. ISO 29061-5:2017 provides criteria for judgement of: - ease of availability of instructions; - clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and - ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to the installation in a vehicle. The procedure can also be used for evaluation of vehicle integrated booster systems. NOTE Although ISOFIX is defined in the original "ISOFIX" standard (ISO 13216‑1) to be a rigid system, the term "ISOFIX" in this document is extended to include flexible CRS attachments (LATCH, UAS).

ISO 29061-4:2017 provides criteria for judgement of usability of child restraint systems (CRS) with regard to the securing of a child in the child seat and other daily handling aspects. ISO 29061-4:2017 provides criteria for judgement of: - ease of availability of instructions; - clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and - the ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to securing the child or child dummy in a CRS installed in vehicle. ISO 29061-4:2017 can be used in conjunction with either ISO 29061-1 or ISO 29061-3 for making a complete usability evaluation of child restraint systems attached to the vehicle with ISOFIX/LATCH or vehicle seat belts. NOTE Booster system usability evaluation, including securing of a child in the booster system, is covered by ISO 29061-5.

ISO/DIS 22239-3:2017 specifies instructions for use as well as labelling requirements of child restraint systems (CRS) and vehicles equipped with the child seat presence and orientation detection system (CPOD) specified in ISO/TS 22239‑1, which enables the automatic recognition of CRS placed on a passenger seat.

ISO/TR 17950:2016 specifies the conditions for the recommended placement of the Hybrid III 5th percentile female frontal impact dummy (HIII5F) when used in forward-facing outboard 2nd row rear seating positions of passenger cars (M Category) for frontal impact testing . For example: - Frontal Impact 0° and Pole (ISO 3560) - Frontal Impact Offset Deformable Barrier (ISO 15828)

ISO 14513:2016 specifies a test method to simulate the head impact of an adult pedestrian to the bonnet top of passenger vehicles or light truck vehicles of up to 3,5 t (GVM), as defined in ISO 3833. The impact device to be used in this test method will be robust for a vehicle impact velocity of up to 11 m/s. The test method specified addresses the reduction of an adult pedestrian head injury risk; it does not test for injuries to other regions of the pedestrian. The evaluation of injury risk to other pedestrian body regions is to be determined using other test methods. This test method does not consider downward pitching of the vehicle due to pre-impact braking. This test method and the corresponding HIC measurement utilizes a free flight head form impactor and does not consider the kinematics of the pedestrian body as a whole, nor does it consider the subsequent post-impact kinematics and potential injury risk. NOTE The test method covers an adult pedestrian head in a simulated impact with a motorized road vehicle. Research suggests vehicle safety improvements in vehicle derived from such pedestrian impact tests may be beneficial also to bicyclists in vehicle front impact.

ISO 6487:2015 gives requirements and recommendations for measurement techniques involving the instrumentation used in impact tests carried out on road vehicles. Its requirements are aimed at facilitating comparisons between results obtained by different testing laboratories, while its recommendations will assist such laboratories in meeting those requirements. It is applicable to instrumentation including that used in the impact testing of vehicle subassemblies. It does not include optical methods which are the subject of ISO 8721.

ISO/TR 12349-1:2015 specifies the adult crash test dummies that are recommended by ISO for use in evaluating the occupant protection potential of restraint systems in frontal, side, and rear impact test procedures and out-of-position airbag test procedures.

ISO/TR 12349-2:2015 specifies the infant and child crash test dummies that are recommended by ISO for use in evaluating child restraints in frontal impacts and out-of-position interactions with frontal or side airbags.

ISO/TR 14645:2015 describes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used to investigate the interactions that occur between a deploying air bag and a Child Restraint System (CRS) that would have been considered properly installed and used in the outer and centre front passenger positions. Static tests can be used to sort CRS/air bag interaction on a comparative basis in either an actual or a simulated vehicle environment. Systems that appear to warrant further testing can be subjected to an appropriate dynamic test at a speed near that needed to deploy an air bag or at a higher speed commonly used to evaluate CRS performance. No test matrix is specified at this time for evaluating either a CRS or an air bag during interaction with each other. Instead, engineering judgment based on prior experience with CRS and/or air bag testing should be used in selecting the tests to be conducted with each individual system. Such tests can be aimed not only at producing interactions with the most severe results but also at identifying those conditions that produce the least interaction and/or satisfactory CRS performance results. Baseline tests to indicate the performance of a CRS in the absence of air bag deployment are also recommended for comparison purposes.

ISO/TS 18571:2014 provides validation metrics and rating procedures to be used to calculate the level of correlation between two non-ambiguous signals obtained from a physical test and a computational model, and is aimed at vehicle safety applications. The objective comparison of time-history signals of model and test is validated against various loading cases under different types of physical loads such as forces, moments, and accelerations. However, other applications might be possible too, but are not within the scope of ISO/TS 18571:2014.

ISO/TS 17242:2014 provides a procedure to calibrate seat belt force transducers with loading capacities up to 25 kN and consistent test specifications and sequences in order to improve comparability of measurement results between testing laboratories.

ISO/TS 18506:2014 provides a procedure to develop injury risk curves for biomechanical samples. These samples are often heavily censored and limited in size, such that specific steps and checks are required when developing injury risk curves. Moreover, several statistical methods were historically used to build injury risk curves. The curves resulting from the different methods could be rather close or fairly different, depending on the biomechanical samples. It is therefore of major importance to recommend a consensual method to be used. Otherwise, injury thresholds candidates to be included into regulations could be highly influenced by the statistical method used. These different methods were compared in a statistical simulation study. The conclusions of this study were used to recommend the survival analysis. ISO/TS 18506:2014 identifies steps to be followed to develop injury risk curves. It recommends preliminary checks, statistical method, and recommendation process of the injury risk curve. Guidelines on the type of the samples to be used (cadaver, animal, or dummy), as well as the variables to be used, and the injury severity level are beyond the scope of ISO/TS 18506:2014.

ISO/TR 10982:2013 outlines a number of test procedures that can be used for investigating the interactions that could occur between the deploying air bag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate both driver and passenger systems are described. Comparative evaluation of the designs can be conducted using static tests. Favourable systems may be evaluated, if deemed necessary, by appropriate dynamic tests.

ISO/TR 12350:2013 provides injury risk curves to assess occupant protection in side impact tests. The curves are given for the WorldSID 50th, a mid-size adult male side impact dummy. These dummies are used during tests carried out according to ISO 10997 or which are under investigation by regulatory bodies and consumer testing organizations.

ISO/TR 16250:2013 specifies a method to calculate the level of correlation between two non-ambiguous signals. The focus of the methods is on the comparison of time-history signals or functional responses obtained in all kinds of tests of the passive safety of vehicles and the corresponding numerical simulations. It is validated with signals of various kinds of physical loads such as forces, moments, accelerations, velocities, and displacements. Other applications might be possible too, but are not in the scope of ISO/TR 16250:2013.

ISO 15829:2013 specifies dynamic side impact test procedures with poles for evaluating the effects of the interaction between side airbags and occupants of road vehicles.

ISO 3560:2013 specifies a general frontal test procedure for impact on fixed barrier or pole. There are several applicable test configurations, some with specific test procedures. ISO 3560:2013 describes general testing requirements for conducting accurate and uniform frontal testing.

ISO 15830-2:2013 specifies requirements for mechanical components, drawings and specifications, validation tests, and support equipment for the WorldSID 50th percentile side-impact dummy, a standardized anthropomorphic dummy for side-impact testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving -passenger vehicles of category M1 and goods vehicles of category N1, -impacts to the side of the vehicle structure, and -impact tests involving use of an anthropomorphic dummy as a human surrogate for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.

ISO 15830-3:2013 specifies requirements for electronic components of the WorldSID 50th percentile side-impact dummy, a standardized anthropomorphic dummy for side-impact testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving: passenger vehicles of category M1 and goods vehicles of category N1; impacts to the side of the vehicle structure; impact tests involving the use of an anthropometric dummy as a human surrogate for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.

ISO 15830-4:2013 specifies requirements for assembling and disassembling of the WorldSID 50th percentile side impact dummy, a standardized anthropomorphic dummy for side impact testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving -passenger vehicles of categories M1 and goods vehicles of categories N1, -impacts to the side of the vehicle structure, -impact tests involving the use of an anthropometric dummy as a human surrogate for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.

ISO 15830-1:2013 provides the definitions, symbols, and rationale used in all parts of the ISO 15830 series for the WorldSID 50th percentile side-impact dummy, a standardized anthropomorphic dummy for side-impact testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving -passenger vehicles of category M1 and goods vehicles of category N1, -impacts to the side of the vehicle structure, and -impact tests involving use of an anthropomorphic dummy as a human surrogate for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.

ISO 17949:2013 specifies the conditions and requirements for the recommended placement of the WorldSID 50th percentile male side-impact dummy (WS50), as defined in ISO 15830‑1, ISO 15830‑2, ISO 15830‑3, and ISO 15830‑4, when used in front outboard seating positions of motor vehicles for side-impact testing.

ISO 14551-6:2013 specifies the types and order of tests for application to the airbag modules and sets out the acceptance criteria and means of categorization. ISO 14551-6:2013 applies to type tests. ISO 14551-6:2013 is not applicable to articles containing military explosives or commerical blasting agents except for black powder or flash composition.

ISO 14454-3:2013 specifies labelling requirements for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles.

ISO 14451-10:2013 specifies the types and order of tests to be applied to the semi finished products and sets out the acceptance criteria and means of categorization. ISO 14451-10:2013 applies to type tests. ISO 14451-10:2013 is not applicable to articles containing military explosives or commercial blasting agents except for black powder or flash composition.