CEN/TC 444/WG 3 - Inorganic analysis

This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gallium (Ga), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu) magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thulium (Tm), thorium (Th), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The method is also applicable to other extracts or digests originating from, for example, DTPA extraction, fusion methods or total digestion methods, provided the user has verified the applicability.
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1 (sludge), Table A.2 (compost) and Table A.3 (soil). The method is applicable for other solid matrices and other elements as listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.
This method is also applicable for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in aqua regia and nitric acid digests and in eluates of construction products (EN 17200[22]).
NOTE            Construction products include e.g. mineral-based products; bituminous products; metals; wood-based products; plastics and rubbers; sealants and adhesives; paints and coatings.

This document specifies an empirical method for the simultaneous direct determination of the fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and sulfur content in environmental solid matrices by oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion at (1 050 ± 50) °C, followed by ion chromatography. The method is applicable for the determination of concentrations ≥ 10 mg/kg of each element based on dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depends on the blank levels of the instrumentation and the capacity of the chromatographic separation column used for determination.
NOTE 1   Simultaneous determination of iodine content is possible but currently not validated.
NOTE 2   Other detection methods can be applied if validated.

This European standard specifies a method for the differentiated determination of the organic carbon content (TOC400) which is released at temperatures up to 400 °C, the residual oxidizable carbon (ROC) (including e.g. lignite (brown coal), hard coal, charcoal, black carbon, soot) and the inorganic carbon (TIC900) which is released at temperatures up to 900 °C.
The basis is the dry combustion to CO2 in a in the presence of oxygen using using temperatures ranging from 150°C to 900 °C in dry solid samples of soil, soil with anthropogenic admixtures and solid waste (see Table 1) with carbon contents of more than 1 g per kg (0,1 % C) (per carbon type in the test portion).

This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste samples containing more than 0,1 % carbon in relation to the dry mass (dm).
NOTE   This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies an operationally defined method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. AOX being a methodologically defined parameter, it is essential that the procedure is applied without any modification.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg.
NOTE       In case of reducing or oxidising waste matrix no valid Cr(VI) content can be reported.

This document specifies two methods for digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of an aqua regia digestion.
Digestion with aqua regia will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample but represent the aqua regia soluble metals under the condition of this test procedure. It is generally agreed that for environmental analysis purposes, the results are fit for the intended purpose to protect the environment.
This document is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).
This document can also be applied for the digestion of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies three methods for the digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of an acid mixture composed of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4) or hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid as the digestion solution.
Digestion with these acids is effectively considered as a total decomposition of the sample. For a broad range of samples the extracted analyte concentrations will reflect the total content in the sample.
This document is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).
This document can also be applied for the digestion of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This document specifies a method for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg Mn, Na) in soils using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution as extractant. For soils containing calcium carbonate a calcite saturated hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution is specified particularly for determination of exchangeable Ca. This document is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been prepared according to ISO 11464.

In the framework of EU Directive 99/31/EC [1] and EU Directive 2000/76/EC [2] halogens and sulfur need to be determined on waste samples. The implementation of the combustion-IC technique would allow in one single run the combustion of the sample followed by the determination of the halogens and sulfur with ion chromatography. Moreover, this instrument may be provided with a sample carrousel for both solids and liquids, allowing an automation of these type of analyses.
Recent developments of the C-IC technology have made this technique interesting for the determination of halogens and sulfur in waste samples. Therefore, a document on the current progress of the C-IC technology was prepared, including the evaluation of the performance of different commercially available systems and the presentation of analytical results obtained on certified reference materials and waste samples.

ISO 14254:2018 specifies a method for the determination of exchangeable acidity in barium chloride extracts of soil samples obtained according to ISO 11260.
The procedure described herein mainly concerns the determination of total exchangeable acidity by means of a fixed pH end point titration.
Two additional and optional procedures are given, describing respectively, determinations of free H+ acidity and aluminium in the extracts.
ISO 14254:2018 is applicable to all types of air dry soil samples.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium(Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The method detection limit of the method is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements. The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to be interfered (see Clause 4) or in case of memory effects (see e.g. 8.3 of EN ISO 17294-1:2006).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1 (sludge), Table A.2 (compost) and Table A.3 (soil). The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS). The lower working range limit is 0,003 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The lower working range limit is 0,03 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This standard specifies a combustion method for the determination of halogen and sulfur contents in materials by combustion in a closed system containing oxygen (calorimetric bomb), and the subsequent analysis of the combustion product using different analytical techniques.
This method is applicable to solid, pasty and liquid samples containing more than 0,025 g/kg of halogen and/or 0,025 g/kg of sulfur content. The limit of detection depends on the element, the matrix and the determination technique used.
Insoluble halides and sulphate present in the sample or produced during the combustion step are not completely determined by these methods.

ISO 13196:2013 specifies the procedure for screening soils and soil-like materials for selected elements when handheld or portable energy-dispersive XRF spectrometers are used. This quick method is assumed to be applied on-site to obtain qualitative or semiquantitative data that assists decisions on further sampling strategy for assessing soil quality. The higher the efforts for pretreatment used on soil samples, the better the analytical results can be expected.
ISO 13196:2013 does not explicitly specify elements for which it is applicable, since the applicability depends on the performance of the apparatus and the objective of the screening. The elements which can be determined are limited by the performance of the instruments used, the concentration of the element present in the soil, and the requirements of the investigation (e.g. guideline value).
For Hg, Cd, Co, Mo, V and Sb, a majority of instruments are not sensitive enough to reach sufficiently low limits of quantification (LOQ) to meet the requirements (limit or threshold values) set in the ordinances of different countries. In this case, other methods need to be employed to measure these low concentrations. Usually, wet chemical methods are used, based on aqua regia extracts, in combination with optical or mass spectrometric (MS) methods like atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) or ICP/MS.

ISO 17184:2014 specifies a method for the determination of carbon and nitrogen in soils by direct measurement of sample spectra in the near-infrared spectral region. The spectra are evaluated by a suitable calibration model derived from the results obtained by reference methods.

This European Standard is dedicated to field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) equipment (hand-held or portable bench top) and specifies a screening method for the determination of the elemental composition of waste materials for on-site verification. Portable XRF spectrometers are used for a rapid and exploratory analysis of paste-like or solid materials. The absence or presence of specific elements is displayed qualitatively with an indication of the concentration level.

Specifies a method for the determination of carbonate content in soil samples. Applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples.

ISO 17380:2013 specifies a method for the photometric determination of the total cyanide and easily-liberatable cyanide content in soil using automated distillation/continuous-flow analysis.
ISO 17380:2013 applies to all types of soil with cyanide contents above 1 mg/kg on the basis of dry matter, expressed as cyanide ion.

This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).

This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.

In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants.
Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected.
The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn.
The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.

This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.

This Technical Report describes digestion methods for the determination of element contents of waste samples by using different techniques of alkali-fusion.

This European document describes the state-of-the-art extraction and determination methods for the total content of hexavalent chromium in raw waste and other solid materials.

This standard specifies methods of digestion with aqua regia. Solutions produced by the methods are suitable for analysis e.g. by atomic absorption spectrometry (FLAAS, HGAAS, CVAAS, GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is applicable to the digestion of waste for example for the following elements: Al, Sb, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, P, K, Se, Ag, S, Na, Sr, Sn, Te, Ti, Tl, V, Zn.

This document specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil, soil-like material and sludge by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This document is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid or mixture of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4)/hydrofluoric (HF) acid digests of soil, treated biowaste, waste, sludge and sediment using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS):
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The method detection limit of the method is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements. The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to be interfered or in case of memory effects

This document specifies the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg.
NOTE       In case of reducing or oxidising waste matrix no valid Cr(VI) content can be reported.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil: Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indium (In), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
The method has been validated for the elements given in Table A.1. The method is applicable for the other elements listed above, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil, waste and sediment samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %).
When present, elementary carbon, carbides, cyanides, cyanates, isocyanates, isothiocyanates and thio-cyanates are determined as organic carbon using the methods described in this European Standard. An interpretation of the measured value may therefore be problematic in cases where the samples contain relevant levels of the above mentioned components. If necessary, these components should be determined separately by means of a suitable validated procedure and be recorded in the test report.
For sludge, treated biowaste and soil only Method A is validated.

This European Standard describes an empirical method for the direct determination of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (but not fluorine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. Non-volatile organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon present in the aqueous phase of the sample prior to drying or adsorbed to sample surface are included in the determination.
This European Standard is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter to approximately 6 g/kg dry matter. The exact concentration range covered depends on the instrument used for determination.

This Technical Specification specifies the determination of metals in aqua regia and nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil samples, using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is applicable for the determination of the following elements:
Chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn).

This European Standard specifies two methods for digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil by the use of aqua regia as digestion solution.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with aqua regia will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.

This standard describes the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg.

This European Standard specifies methods of microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric (HF), nitric (HNO3)and hydrochloric (HCL) acid mixture. Solutions produced by the methods are suitable for analysis e.g.by atomic absorption spectometry (FLAAS,HGAAS,CVAAS,GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectometry(ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectometry(ICP-MS). The method is applicable to the microwave assisted acid digestion of waste for example for the following elements:Al,Sb,As,B,Ba,Be,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Pb,Mg,Mn,Hg,Mo, Ni,P,K,Se,Ag,S,Na,Sr,Te,Ti,Tl,V,Zn.

ISO 23470:2007 specifies a method for the determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+) in soils using a hexamminecobalt trichloride solution as extractant.
ISO 23470:2007 is applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples which have been prepared in accordance with ISO 11464.

Specifies a method for the determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) at the pH of the soil and for the determination of the content of exchangeable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil. Is applicable to all types of air-dried soil samples; pretreatment according to ISO 11464 is recommended. The determination of CEC as specified here is a modification of the method by Gillman.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of exchangeable acidity in barium chloride extracts of soil samples obtained according to ISO 11260.
The procedure described herein mainly concerns the determination of total exchangeable acidity by means of a fixed-pH end-point titration (see note). Two optional procedures are also given, describing respectively, determinations of free H+ acidity and of aluminium in the extracts.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been pretreated in accordance with ISO 11464.
NOTE Titration of exchangeable acidity by means of a fixed-pH end-point may not be specific to a given acid species. The endpoint pH value retained is 7,8, corresponding to complete precipitation of Al+3 ions in synthetic solutions. Titration of soil extracts to this pH may also include some more weakly ionized species or weak acid organic compounds.

This Technical Specification specifies the determination of trace elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomisation in a graphite furnace. The method is applicable for the determination of the following elements:
Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), vanadium (V).
This method may be applied to other elements. The lower working range is approximately 0,1 mg/kg to 0,01 mg/kg, depending on the element to be determined.

This European Standard specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in undried waste samples containing more than 1 g carbon per kg of dry matter (0,1 %).
This standard can be applied as well to sludges, sediments and comparable materials.
When present, elemental carbon, carbides, cyanides, cyanates, isocyanates, isothiocyanates and thiocyanates are determined as organic carbon using the methods described in this standard. An interpretation of the measured value may therefore be problematical in cases where the waste contains relevant levels of the above mentioned components. If needed, these components shall be determined separately by means of a suitable validated procedure and be recorded in the test report.
NOTE   At the time of publication of this European Standard a standardized procedure for determination of elemental carbon in waste is not available.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The lower working range limit is 0,03 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of mercury in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil, obtained according to EN 16173 or EN 16174 using cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AVS). The lower working range limit is 0,003 mg/kg (dry matter basis).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia or nitric acid digests of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), rubidium (Rb), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium(Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered.
The limit of detection of the method is between 0,1 mg/kg dry matter and 2,0 mg/kg dry matter for most elements.
The limit of detection will be higher in cases where the determination is likely to be interfered (see Clause 4) or in case of memory effects (see e.g. 8.2 of EN ISO 17294-1:2006).

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the following elements in aqua regia, nitric acid digest solutions of sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indium (In), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr).
Table A.1 lists the elements for which this method is applicable along with the recommended wavelength and typical instrumental detection limits for clean matrices.

This standard specifies a combustion method for the determination of halogen and sulphur contents in materials by combustion in a closed system containing oxygen (calorimetric bomb), and the subsequent analysis of the combustion product using different analytical techniques.
This method is applicable to solid, pasty and liquid samples containing more than 0,025 g/kg of halogen and/or 0,025 g/kg of sulphur content. The limit of detection depends on the element, the matrix and the determination technique used.
Insoluble halides and sulphate present in the original sample or produced during the combustion step are not completely determined by these methods.