Abstract

Assessment of loads imposed by snow to be used in the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works on sites at altitudes below 1500 m.

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
91.010.30 - Technical aspects
Technical Committee
KON - Structures
Current Stage
6100 - Translation of adopted SIST standards (Adopted Project)
Start Date
07-May-2007
Due Date
05-May-2008
Completion Date
19-Sep-2007
Directive
2005-01-4408 - Pravilnik o mehanski odpornosti in stabilnosti objektov
 
305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
 
89/106/EEC - Construction products
Mandate
M/265 - Mandate to CEN for the conversion of the Eurocodes from ENV into EN concerning the structural and geotechnical design of buildings and civil engineering works
M/BC/CEN/89/11 - Framework mandate to CEN on Eurocode work : execution of a standardization programme on Eurocodes for the structural design of building and civil engineering works
Ref Project
EN 1991-1-3:2003 - Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads

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Standard – translation

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 - BARVE

Slovenian language (49 pages)
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SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is the Slovenian version of EN 1991-1-3:2003, part of Eurocode 1 on actions on structures, published by SIST. It gives guidance for assessing snow loads used in the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works on sites below 1500 m altitude. The document is meant to be used with EN 1990 and the other Eurocode parts when snow actions are turned into design loads.

What does SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 specify?

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 specifies how to determine snow loads for structural design, and it focuses on ground snow load, roof snow load, and local snow effects. It applies to buildings and civil engineering works, but not to sites above 1500 m unless a National Annex says otherwise.

The document is organised into six clauses and five annexes. Clause 1 gives the general rules, Clause 2 classifies snow actions, Clause 3 covers design situations, Clause 4 deals with snow load on the ground, Clause 5 covers snow load on roofs, and Clause 6 addresses local effects.

AnnexWhat it covers
Annex ADesign situations and load arrangements for different locations
Annex BSnow load shape coefficients for exceptional snow drifts
Annex CEuropean Ground Snow Load Maps
Annex DAdjustment of the ground snow load according to return period
Annex EBulk weight density of snow

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004?

Ground snow load and design situations

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 requires the characteristic snow load on the ground, sk, to be taken from the National Annex, with the option to refine it by statistical analysis in special cases. For locations with exceptional snow fall, the design value of exceptional snow load on the ground is taken as sAd = Cesl sk, so the designer needs a national choice for the coefficient Cesl if that case applies.

Clause 3 links the snow load cases to the design situation. Normal conditions use persistent/transient design situations, while exceptional snow fall or exceptional snow drift can trigger accidental design situations depending on the location. In practice, this decides whether the structure is checked for everyday snow patterns or for rare cases.

Roof snow load

Clause 5 states that roof snow must be considered in two main arrangements - undrifted and drifted snow. The general roof load is determined from the characteristic ground snow load, the snow load shape coefficient i, the exposure coefficient Ce, and the thermal coefficient Ct; for accidental cases, the same approach is used with sAd where relevant. In practice, this means the roof design must reflect the roof shape, the site exposure, and whether heat loss can reduce accumulation.

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 also requires roof snow loads to be taken as acting vertically on the horizontal projection of the roof. Where snow may be artificially removed or redistributed, the roof should be designed for suitable load arrangements. The document also notes that rain-on-snow, freezing and blocked drainage can increase roof snow loads.

Roof shapes and local effects

Clause 5 gives roof shape coefficients for monopitch, pitched, multi-span, cylindrical, and roofs abutting taller construction works. Annex B adds exceptional snow drift cases for multi-span roofs, roofs near taller structures, and roofs with projections, obstructions or parapets. For a buyer, designer, or checker, this is where the document turns the roof geometry into actual load cases.

Clause 6 covers local verifications for drifting at projections and obstructions, snow overhanging the edge of a roof, and snow loads on snowguards and other obstacles. This is important for canopies, parapets, roof edges and similar details, where local accumulation or sliding can govern the design.

What terms does SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 define?

  • Characteristic value of snow load on the ground - the ground snow load based on an annual probability of exceedence of 0,02, excluding exceptional snow loads.
  • Exceptional snow load on the ground - a ground snow load caused by an exceptionally infrequent snow fall.
  • Undrifted snow load on the roof - a uniformly distributed roof load affected only by roof shape before redistribution by wind or similar actions.
  • Drifted snow load on the roof - a roof load pattern created when snow is moved from one place to another, for example by wind.
  • Roof snow load shape coefficient - the ratio between roof snow load and undrifted ground snow load, without exposure or thermal effects.
  • Exposure coefficient (Ce) - a coefficient that reduces or increases roof snow load for unheated buildings depending on topography.
  • Thermal coefficient (Ct) - a coefficient that reduces roof snow load when heat loss through the roof causes melting.

Who uses SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004?

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is intended for clients, designers, contractors, and public authorities. Structural engineers and civil engineering design teams use it to calculate snow actions, choose load arrangements, and define the National Annex values needed for a specific country. Contractors and project owners use it when snow loading assumptions need to be fixed for a project, and authorities use it when checking or specifying design criteria.

What changed in SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 from the previous edition?

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 supersedes ENV 1991-2-3:1995. It is also identified as identical to EN 1991-1-3:2003.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004?

  • EN 1990:2002 - provides the basis of structural design, including the general rules for design situations and action combinations.
  • EN 1991-1-1:2002 - provides densities, self-weight, and imposed loads for buildings, which supports load assessment alongside snow actions.
  • EN 1991-2 - is cited in the normative references as the Eurocode part for traffic loads on bridges.
  • The foreword also states that SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is used with the other Parts of EN 1991 and with EN 1992 to EN 1999 for structural design.

What does the SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 document contain?

The document contains the core design clauses, load classification rules, roof and ground snow load methods, and local effect checks needed for structural design. It includes tables and figures for roof shape coefficients, exceptional snow drift cases, and European ground snow load maps. Annex D provides a return-period adjustment method, and Annex E gives indicative bulk weight density values for snow. Annex C gathers climatic-region maps and altitude-load relationships that support national mapping and national design choices.

Relations

Replaces
SIST ENV 1991-2-3:1998 - Eurocode 1 - Basis of design and actions on structures - Part 2-3: Actions on structures - Snow loads
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Refers
SIST EN 1991-1-1:2004 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Refers
SIST EN 1990:2004 - Eurocode - Basis of structural design
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST-TS CLC/TS 50711:2026 - Railway applications - Fixed installations - High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substations in AC and DC electric traction systems
Effective Date
19-May-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 50583-2:2016 - Photovoltaics in buildings - Part 2: BIPV systems
Effective Date
09-Feb-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 50583-1:2016 - Photovoltaics in buildings - Part 1: BIPV modules
Effective Date
09-Feb-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 81-44:2025 - Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 44: Lifting appliances in wind turbines
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 12976-1:2017 - Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 1: General requirements
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 12976-1:2022 - Thermal solar systems and components - Factory made systems - Part 1: General requirements
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 15700:2023 - Safety for conveyor belts for winter sport or tourist use
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16999:2019 - Solar energy systems for roofs: Requirements for structural connections to solar panels
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 14015:2005 - Specification for the design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed, above ground, welded, steel tanks for the storage of liquids at ambient temperature and above
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 14620-1:2024 - Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C - Part 1: General
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 1069-1:2017+A1:2019 - Water slides - Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Referred By
SIST EN 1069-1:2017 - Water slides - Part 1: Safety requirements and test methods
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026

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Standard – translation

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 - BARVE

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Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads". This standard covers: Assessment of loads imposed by snow to be used in the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works on sites at altitudes below 1500 m.

Assessment of loads imposed by snow to be used in the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works on sites at altitudes below 1500 m.

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST ENV 1991-2-3:1998, SIST EN 1991-1-1:2004, SIST EN 1990:2004, SIST-TS CLC/TS 50711:2026, SIST EN 50583-2:2016, SIST EN 50583-1:2016, SIST EN 81-44:2025, SIST EN 12976-1:2017, SIST EN 12976-1:2022, SIST EN 15700:2023, SIST-TP CEN/TR 16999:2019, SIST EN 14015:2005, SIST EN 14620-1:2024, SIST EN 1069-1:2017+A1:2019, SIST EN 1069-1:2017. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2005-01-4408, 305/2011, 89/106/EEC; Standardization Mandates: M/265, M/BC/CEN/89/11. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loadsEvrokod 1: Vplivi na konstrukcije - 1-3. del: Splošni vplivi – Obtežba snegaEurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-3: Actions générales - Charges de neigeEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-3: Allgemeine Einwirkungen, SchneelastenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1991-1-3:2003SIST EN 1991-1-3:2004en91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SIST ENV 1991-2-3:19981DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1991-1-3:200401-september-2004

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1991-1-3July 2003ICS 91.010.30Supersedes ENV 1991-2-3:1995English versionEurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions -Snow loadsEurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-3: Actionsgénérales - Charges de neigeEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-3:Allgemeine Einwirkungen-SchneelastenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1991-1-3:2003 E

1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation(CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).

2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents forthe creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs.3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall :a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levelsfor each requirement where necessary ;b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and ofproof, technical rules for project design, etc. ;c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.

4 see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.

Exposure coefficientCtThermal coefficientCeslCoefficient for exceptional snow loadsA Site altitude above sea level [m]SeSnow load per metre length due to overhang [kN/m]FsForce per metre length exerted by a sliding mass of snow [kN/m]Latin lower case lettersbWidth of construction work [m]dDepth of the snow layer [m]hHeight of construction work [m]kCoefficient to take account of the irregular shape of snow (see also 6.3)lsLength of snow drift or snow loaded area [m]

may be set by the National Annex of EN 1990:2002.The recommendedvalues of the coefficients 0, 1 and 2 for buildings are dependent upon the location of thesite being considered and should be taken from EN 1990:2002, Table A1.1 or Table 4.1 below,in which the information relating to snow loads is identical.

1000 m above sealevel0,500,200,004.3. Treatment of exceptional snow loads on the ground(1) For locations where exceptional snow loads on the ground can occur, theymay be determined by:sAd = Cesl sk(4.1)where:sAd is the design value of exceptional snow load on the ground for thegiven location;Cesl is the coefficient for exceptional snow loads;sk is the characteristic value of snow load on the ground for a givenlocation.NOTE: The coefficient Cesl
may be set by the National Annex. The recommended
value forCesl
is 2,0 (see also 2(3))5. Section 5Snow load on roofs5.1. Nature of the load(1)P The design shall recognise that snow can be deposited on a roof in manydifferent patterns.(2) Properties of a roof or other factors causing different patterns can include:a) the shape of the roof;b) its thermal properties;
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