SIST EN 45557:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 45557:2019
01-januar-2019
Splošna metoda za ocenjevanje deleža recikliranega materiala v proizvodih,
povezanih z energijo
General method for assessing the proportion of recycled material content in energy
related products
Allgemeines Verfahren zur Bewertung des Anteils an recyceltem Materials von
energieverbrauchsrelevanter Produkte
Méthode générale pour l’évaluation du contenu en matériaux recyclés des produits liés à
l’énergie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 45557
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
oSIST prEN 45557:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 45557:2019

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oSIST prEN 45557:2019


EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 45557
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

November 2018
ICS 13.020.20

English version

General method for assessing the proportion of recycled
material content in energy related products
Méthode générale pour l'évaluation du contenu en Allgemeines Verfahren zur Bewertung des Anteils an
matériaux recyclés des produits liés à l'énergie recyceltem Materials von energieverbrauchsrelevanter
Produkte
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/CLC/JTC 10.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN and CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A
version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own
language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification
of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

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1 Contents Page
2 European foreword . 3
3 Introduction . 4
4 1 Scope . 5
5 2 Normative references . 5
6 3 Terms and definitions . 5
7 4 General assessment procedure. 6
8 5 Assessment of materials composition . 7
9 5.1 Scope of the assessment . 7
10 5.2 Material declaration clustering and unspecified materials . 7
11 5.3 Pre-consumer material and post-consumer material distinction . 8
12 6 Traceability . 10
13 6.1 General considerations . 10
14 6.2 Material provisions . 11
15 6.3 Chain of custody . 11
16 7 Calculation of recycled material content . 12
17 7.1 General considerations . 12
18 7.2 Verification and mass balance process . 12
19 7.3 General method for recycled material content calculation . 14
20 8 Reporting recycled material content aspects . 15
21 8.1 General. 15
22 8.2 Elements of the assessment report . 15
23 Annex A (normative) Additional guidance on specific materials . 17
24 A.1 Plastics . 17
25 A.2 Metals . 18
26 A.3 Glass . 18
27 Bibliography . 20
28
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29 European foreword
30 This document (prEN 45557:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CENELEC/JTC 10
31 “Energy-related products - Material Efficiency Aspects for Ecodesign”, the secretariat of which is held by
32 NEN.
33 This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
34 This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
35 Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
36 The dual logo CEN-CENELEC standardization deliverables, in the numerical range of 45550 – 45559, have
37 been developed under standardization request M/543 of the European Commission and are intended to
38 potentially apply to any product within the scope of the Directive 2009/125/EC concerning Energy-
39 related Products (ErP).
40 Topics covered in the above standardization request are linked to the following material efficiency
41 aspects:
42 a) Extending product lifetime
43 b) Ability to re-use components or recycle materials from products at end-of-life
44 c) Use of re-used components and/or recycled materials in products
45 These standards are general in nature and describe or define fundamental principles, concepts,
46 terminology or technical characteristics. They can be cited together with other product, or product-group,
47 standards, e.g. developed by product technical committees.
48 This document is intended to be used by technical committees when producing horizontal, generic, and
49 product, or product-group, standards.”
50 Note CEN/CENELEC/JTC 10 is a dual logo TC, and uses either CEN or CENELEC foreword templates, as
51 appropriate. The template for the current document is correct at the time of publication.
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52 Introduction
53 Beyond the potentials of reusability, recyclability and recoverability, recycled material content of new
54 products is a physical characteristic of a product and its parts and also contributes to material efficiency.
55 For the purpose of an efficient and effective use of natural resources, secondary materials are often able
56 to substitute primary materials, reducing the demand for primary materials, which bring potential
57 environmental, social and economic benefits. Environmental benefits include reduced mining and
58 consumption of natural resources, reduced landfill and emissions as well as energy savings. The overall
59 environmental benefit will depend on the difference in environmental impact of making material from
60 primary sources (oil, ore etc.) vs. processing waste into a secondary material which would directly
61 substitute primary material. The benefit of increasing recycled material content in products incentivises,
62 in many cases, recycling of end-of-life (EoL) waste material by stimulating demand for secondary
63 materials. In other cases, where there is already sufficient demand for secondary materials to use what
64 is already supplied by the market, specification of higher recycled material content will not necessarily
65 incentivise recycling of additional EoL waste material, and so is therefore not always relevant to eco-
66 design e.g. if supply is limited. The rationale for specifying recycled material content, therefore needs to
67 be considered for each material individually depending on the overall market demand/supply situation
68 for each material.
69 This document helps to give substantiated claims of the recycled content in energy-related products
70 (ErPs). Key for substantiated claims for new products is the recognition of the chain of custody, which
71 allows tracing secondary materials from different sources.
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72 1 Scope
73 This document provides a general method for assessing the proportion of secondary material in an
74 energy-related product, its parts or material(s).
75 This document is applicable as the framework to be used for defining the assessment of recycled material
76 content in specific product groups; however in absence of product specific standards it can be applied
77 directly.
78 This document does not apply to the assessment of reused components.
79 NOTE Reused components are addressed in prEN 45556:2018.
80 2 Normative references
81 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
82 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
83 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
84 prEN 45559:2018, Methods for providing information relating to material efficiency aspects of energy-
85 related products
86 3 Terms and definitions
87 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
88 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
89 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
90 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
91 3.1
92 chain of custody
93 sequence of responsibilities for, or control of products or materials as they move through each step in the
94 relevant supply chain
95 [SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, modified, “chain” replaced by “sequence”, “products or” added and “of the
96 process or product system under assessment” replaced with “in the relevant supply chain”]
97 3.2
98 pre-consumer material
99 material diverted from the waste generated during a manufacturing process excluding reutilization of
100 materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within
101 the same process that generated it
102 [SOURCE: ISO 14021:2016, 7.8.1.1, modified “stream” replaced by “generated” and drafting rules of
103 CEN/CLC Internal Regulations Part 3 applied]
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104 3.3
105 post-consumer material
106 material recovered from waste generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional
107 facilities in their role as end-users of the product which can no longer be used for its intended purpose
108 Note 1 to entry: This includes returns of energy-related products, and materials therein, from the distribution of
109 finished products.
110 [SOURCE: ISO 14021:2016, 7.8.1.1, modified “generated” replaced by “recovered from waste generated”,
111 “this includes returns of material from the distribution chain” replaced by “This includes returns of
112 energy-related products, and materials therein, from the distribution of finished products” and moved to
113 Note 1 to entry and drafting rules of CEN/CLC Internal Regulations Part 3 applied]
114 3.4
115 recycled material content
116 proportion, by mass, of secondary material in a product
117 3.5
118 primary material
119 material made from virgin raw material sources extracted from a renewable or non-renewable resource
120 3.6
121 secondary material
122 material recovered from pre-consumer or post-consumer material
123 3.7
124 part
125 hardware, firmware or software constituent of a product
126 [SOURCE: prEN 45554:2018]
127 3.8
128 waste
129 substance or object of any kind, which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard
130 [SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC]
131 4 General assessment procedure
132 Primary and secondary material is often physically or chemically indistinguishable and there are
133 currently no analytical methods available for directly measuring the recycled material content in a
134 product. For the purpose of this document, the verification of recycled content therefore relies on
135 documental proof (see Clause 6) provided by the relevant operator in the chain of custody. Recycled
136 content is expressed as the average ratio of secondary material used in the total production output over
137 a specified time. Those materials constitute the inputs to a product manufacturer, which are transformed
138 into parts of an energy-related product.
139 The assessment of recycled material content requires:
140 1) Definition of the scope of the assessment (see Clause 5.1);
141 2) Assessment of materials composition of a single product (see Clause 5.2 and 5.3);
142 3) An open, easy to follow management system to trace the type of material inputs, both primary and
143 secondary materials (see Clause 6);
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144 4) Performing a mass balance calculation, linking secondary materials of a part/product to total
145 material quantity in a part/product (see Clause 7).
146 5 Assessment of materials composition
147 5.1 Scope of the assessment
148 The user of this document shall define the scope of the assessment and select its appropriate elements
149 detailed below. The assessment shall be applied either on:
150 • the whole ErP (e.g. vacuum cleaner), or
151 • a specified unit of the ErP (e.g. electrical motor of a vacuum cleaner), or
152 • an intermediate product in the value chain that leads to a unit of the ErP or the product (e.g. copper
153 winding of the stator in an electrical motor of a vacuum cleaner).
154 It is possible to perform the assessment at pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content and at
155 different levels:
156 • parts included in the product, e.g. motor, housing etc., or
157 • type of material in the product or in parts of the product, e.g. the fractions of plastic, metal, glass etc.
158 (more details provided in Clause 5.2), or
159 • a subgroup of the type of material, e.g. polypropylene, aluminium, float glass etc. (more details
160 provided in Clause 5.2).
161 The scope description shall contain the position in the supply chain of the company executing the
162 assessment:
163 • material supplier, and/or
164 • part supplier, and/or
165 • ErP manufacturer.
166 Which of the elements of the scope are best applicable shall be determined by the user of this document
167 and shall be reported in the final project report (see Clause 8.2).
168 5.2 Material declaration clustering and unspecified materials
169 The material declaration is a way to express the composition of the materials contained in a product or
170 any part of it. To establish a material declaration, each part of the product shall be assessed for the weight
171 of its constituent materials, according to the scope of assessment (see Clause 5.1). The masses of the
172 respective material fractions of all parts shall be summed up to obtain the material composition of the
173 whole product.
174 In many cases a given material type represents different grades of the same material that are not identical
175 but very similar and thus share the majority of physical and chemical properties.
176 EXAMPLE Steel or polypropylene (PP) are produced in different grades for specific applications. The Society
177 of Automotive Engineers lists among others different grades of Nickel-chromium steels with varying proportion of
178 Nickel and chromium, e.g. 31xx, 32xx, 33xx, 34xx. For Polypropylene, the three main grades are homopolymer PP,
179 random copolymer PP, block copolymer PP.
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180 Various grades of a material type shall be treated as one material to determine the proportion of recycled
181 material content of a product. Alloys may require the allocation to a certain material. Users of this
182 document shall define the applicable material clusters for their respective product group.
183 It may be necessary to exclude parts from the allocation to specific material clusters due to their small
184 size, their complexity of material composition or other, e.g. administrative or legal reasons. To keep the
185 mass balance even, these unspecified parts/materials shall be classified as “other materials” and be
186 accounted for in the total mass of the product. These “other materials” shall be treated as primary
187 material. Users of this document may determine limits for materials classified as “other materials” if
188 applicable.
189 5.3 Pre-consumer material and post-consumer material distinction
190 Only pre-consumer materials and post-consumer materials shall count towards recycled material
191 content, in accordance with their definition provided in Clause 3, as well as with specific guidelines
192 provided in Annex A for different material types. Material, which is reclaimed or capable of being
193 reclaimed within the same manufacturing process that generated it, is referred to as circulating material
194 and shall not count towards recycled material content.
195 The general concept of primary material, pre-consumer material and post-consumer material is
196 visualized in Figure 1.
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197
198 Key
primary material

pre-consumer material

post consumer material

potential mix of materials

199 Figure 1 — Visualization of primary material, pre-consumer material and post-consumer material
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200 Pre-consumer material
201 Production process A – typically this is the process where primary material is substituted by pre-
202 consumer or post-consumer material and the point of substitution is reached where the different
203 properties of the input materials become part of a homogenous material output of defined properties.
204 Material, which is recovered within the same manufacturing process that generated it, is referred to as
205 circulating material and shall not count towards recycled material content (see Figure 1 B).
206 EXAMPLE 1 For most materials the recycled material content is fixed in a process where the material is
207 transformed from a liquid to a solid. This would be defined as material production process A. In the case of steel
208 making, the recycled material content is fixed after melting and casting into a solid slab/bloom/billet or ingot. Scrap
209 originating from the meltshop, such as solidified steel from steelmaking vessels (skulls) or rejected castings, would
210 be excluded from the calculation of pre-consumer material, because they can be reclaimed within the same melting
211 process that generated them. This is regardless of the fact that the scrap may need to be further processed in order
212 to make it suitable for use in process A, such as cutting to size. In the case of plastic injection moulding, rejects from
213 this process are also capable of being reclaimed and reutilized within the same process, after making processing
214 into the correct size, and so would also be excluded from the calculation.
215 It is also important to describe where process A ends. Being part of the same process A can include
216 continuous processes (i.e. material or product cannot be diverted to different processing steps until the
217 end of that process step). At the end of the process (A), the output can no longer change its inherent
218 recycled content (i.e. it is frozen / fixed). Material recovered from further processing after process A
219 (Process B) could be included as pre-consumer material, because it is not capable of being reutilized
220 within process B, and has to go back to process A (see Figure 1 B).
221 EXAMPLE 2 Process B, an assembly process of several plastic parts (injected by process A) can generates a final
222 assembly which doesn’t meet technical requirements. The parts coming from this assembly cannot be reworked in
223 process B but have to go back to Process A as a pre-consumer material. For steel, process B would be a rolling
224 process, where scrap has to be returned to the melting process prior to rolling.
225 Post-consumer material
226 Once products have reached the end of their life, they undergo a treatment process and recovered
227 materials are considered post-consumer. Products may reach the end of their life shortly after being
228 traded commercially or having left the final manufacturing facility. This might happen when products are
229 damaged or cannot be sold from their distribution chain (e.g. a new version of a product replaces the
230 previous one which cannot be sold anymore). Materials used in ErP can only be considered post-
231 consumer after they have become part of end-of-life products and are subsequently scrapped. Prior to
232 this, materials scrapped from the material distribution chain are considered pre-consumer.
233 6 Traceability
234 6.1 General considerations
235 The implementation of a traceability system means that the secondary material can be tracked from the
236 moment it is identified as secondary material to its final application. Traceability information from at
237 least the secondary materials is needed to calculate the recycled material content.
238 A technical method to measure the recycled material content in a product, which is reliable, accurate and
239 reproducible, is not available. Therefore, the verification of recycled material content is based exclusively
240 on documentation. Thus any study about a possible requirement on proportion of recycled material
241 content as market entrance criteria for ErP should take into account the maturity level of control methods
242 and the feedback of professionals, producers and recyclers.
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243 6.2 Material provisions
244 The whole secondary material supply chain including suppliers of material with recycled material
245 content shall provide information allowing traceability. The type (pre- or post-consumer) and the
246 quantity of secondary material shall be documented. Also procedures for the identification and the
247 recording of the data shall be appropriately documented and recorded. Provided information can include
248 additionally:
249 a) Identification (e.g. batch), collecting and sorting (if batch of input material is labelled and stored in
250 dedicated area);
251 b) Monitor/check of recycling process of the input material, i.e. if process variables are recorded, if
252 secondary material produced is kept in batches and details of date production is recorded, and if
253 quality management system of the secondary material delivered by the process is implemented;
254 c) Specification of material before and after processing, e.g. characterization of incoming material.
255 The information a) - c) should be available for verification. The required level of detail will depend upon
256 the type of material (e.g. glass, plastics, metal, etc.). The level of detail for this information shall be defined
257 by users of this document.
258 6.3 Chain of custody
259 The traceability of information may be achieved through the implementation of different Chain of
260 Custody (CoC) models as:
261 a) Mass Balance
262 The mass of secondary materials entering the operation in a period of time is controlled and an
263 equivalent mass of material leaving the operations may be claimed as recycled. The physical mixing
264 of recyclable and non-recyclable materials is allowed. Balance of material mass may be applied at
265 batch level or production line level. The recycled material content claim may be allocated to any
266 physical product leaving the production chain, independently from its physical composition, as long
267 as there is a corresponding quantity of secondary material originating from the same consumer of
268 that product e.g. via a take back agreement and the masses are appropriately balanced.
269 b) Physical Segregation
270 Secondary material is kept separate from non-secondary materials through each stage of the supply
271 chain allowing assurance that the parts within a particular product originate from secondary
272 materials, though it may not be possible to identify which material came from which batch of recycled
273 source.
274 c) Identity Preservation
275 Each batch of secondary material shall be uniquely traced through the production process from the
276 point of origin to the last point of transformation.
277 Considering the complexity of implementation of a traceability system, mass balance is the most feasible
278 of the above-mentioned methods. Users of this document shall establish a chain of custody based upon
279 the models introduced in a)-c), taking into account:
280 • traceability of each individual item of waste is not economically feasible. The traceability should start
281 from the treatment and recycling plants for EoL products (post-consumer material). In case of
282 industrial waste (pre-consumer material), traceability should start from collection or
283 material/product producer or converter, where the waste originates from.
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284 • each economic operator in the chain of custody is responsible for the data supplied in the product
285 declarations submitted to the next economic operator. The validity of these declarations may be
286 assessed by a third party. Alternatively, a supplier declaration may be used.
287 7 Calculation of recycled material content
288 7.1 General considerations
289 The manufacturer of the ErP shall verify and calculate the mass balance as described in Clause 7.2. The
290 calculation will be limited to the scope of the assessment, see Clause 5.1.
291 In order to do so, the supplier of materials shall give information of recycled content based in calculations
292 described in Clause 7.3. Whether the recycled content shall be divided into pre- or post-consumer
293 recycled material will depend on the scope of the assessment, see Clause 5.1.
294 7.2 Verification and mass balance process
295 Calculation and verification of the recycled material content in an ErP consists of balancing the mass of
296 production output over a certain accounting period, with the material inputs, corrected for changes in
297 material stock and conversions during processes:
298 Output = Input + Change in stock + Internal conversions – Waste
299 Where
Output is the amount of material in finished products in the accounting period;
Input is the amount of material coming to the production in the accounting period;
Change in stock is the change of s
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