ISO/FDIS 24966
(Main)Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup flash point (MCCCFP) method
Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup flash point (MCCCFP) method
This International Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the flash point of chemicals, lube oils, aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 ml, cup size of 7 ml, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute. This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method. It utilises an electric arc as the ignitor and detects the flash point by pressure measurement.This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 22,5 °C to 235,5 °C. Flash point determinations below 22,5 °C and above 235,5 °C may be performed, but the precision has not been determined.
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode modifiée du point d'éclair en vase clos en continu (MCCCFP)
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 28 - Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 28/WG 9 - Joint ISO/TC 28 - ISO/TC 35 WG: Flash point methods
- Current Stage
- 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
- Start Date
- 02-Jan-2026
- Completion Date
- 02-Jan-2026
Overview
ISO/FDIS 24966:2025 specifies a standardized test method for determining the flash point of various liquids through the Modified Continuously Closed Cup Flash Point (MCCCFP) method. This International Standard is instrumental for industries handling chemicals, lubricating oils, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, and diesel/biodiesel blends. The MCCCFP technique uses a small specimen size of 2 ml within a 7 ml cup and involves a controlled heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute.
This method is a dynamic, empirical testing approach that employs an electric arc ignitor and detects flash point via precise pressure measurements. It is designed to test samples with flash points ranging from 22.5 °C to 235.5 °C, although testing outside this range is possible with less established precision.
By defining a clear and reproducible procedure for flash point determination, this ISO standard supports safety, quality control, and regulatory compliance in fuel and chemical handling industries.
Key Topics
- Flash Point Determination: Measures the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapor to ignite under test conditions.
- Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Method: Utilizes a continuously sealed chamber to prevent vapor loss, enhancing test consistency.
- Specimen and Apparatus:
- Specimen volume: 2 ml
- Cup volume: 7 ml
- Heating rate: 2.5 °C per minute
- Ignitor: Electric arc
- Dynamic Testing Process: Flash point detection depends on controlled temperature increase rates for accuracy.
- Pressure-Based Flash Detection: Flash point is detected by monitoring the internal pressure changes upon ignition.
- Test Range: Applicable for flash points between 22.5 °C and 235.5 °C with noted limitations outside this range.
- Detailed Procedures: Includes apparatus setup, sample preparation and handling, test execution, calculation corrections for atmospheric pressure, and precision assessments.
- Precision Metrics: Repeatability and reproducibility criteria ensure reliable inter-laboratory results.
- Annexes: Normative annexes provide apparatus verification procedures using reference materials and detailed apparatus descriptions.
Applications
- Chemical Industry: Ensures product safety by assessing flammability risks of chemicals and solvents.
- Fuel Testing: Essential for evaluating flash points of aviation turbine fuels, diesel, and biodiesel blends to guarantee safe transport and storage.
- Lubricant Quality Control: Determines flash points of different lubricating oils to maintain performance and safety standards.
- Regulatory Compliance: Assists companies in meeting national and international safety regulations related to handling and transporting flammable liquids.
- Research and Development: Used in laboratory settings for developing new fuel blends and chemical products with known flash point characteristics.
- Hazard Assessment: Provides critical data for risk management in industrial processes involving flammable liquids.
Related Standards
- ISO 13736 - Test method for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
- ASTM D93 - Standard test methods for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup method
- ISO 2719 - Determination of flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup method
- ISO 3679 / ISO 3680 - Flash point test methods using Abel apparatus and Tag closed cup apparatus
- CLP Regulation (EU) - Classification, labelling and packaging rules involving flash point data
ISO/FDIS 24966 complements these established standards by offering a modified dynamic and continuously closed cup procedure suited for small sample volumes and pressure-based detection, increasing measurement precision for diverse liquid materials.
For organizations involved in chemical manufacturing, fuel retail, research, or safety compliance, ISO/FDIS 24966:2025 provides an indispensable framework for consistent, accurate flash point measurement using the MCCCFP method. This ensures safer handling, better risk assessment, and adherence to international quality requirements.
ISO/FDIS 24966 - Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup flash point (MCCCFP) method Released:19. 12. 2025
REDLINE ISO/FDIS 24966 - Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup flash point (MCCCFP) method Released:19. 12. 2025
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/FDIS 24966 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup flash point (MCCCFP) method". This standard covers: This International Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the flash point of chemicals, lube oils, aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 ml, cup size of 7 ml, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute. This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method. It utilises an electric arc as the ignitor and detects the flash point by pressure measurement.This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 22,5 °C to 235,5 °C. Flash point determinations below 22,5 °C and above 235,5 °C may be performed, but the precision has not been determined.
This International Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the flash point of chemicals, lube oils, aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 ml, cup size of 7 ml, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute. This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method. It utilises an electric arc as the ignitor and detects the flash point by pressure measurement.This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 22,5 °C to 235,5 °C. Flash point determinations below 22,5 °C and above 235,5 °C may be performed, but the precision has not been determined.
ISO/FDIS 24966 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products; 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels; 75.160.40 - Biofuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
You can purchase ISO/FDIS 24966 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 28
Determination of flash point —
Secretariat: NEN
Modified continuously closed cup
Voting begins on:
flash point (MCCCFP) method
2026-01-02
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode modifiée du point
Voting terminates on:
d'éclair en vase clos en continu (MCCCFP)
2026-02-27
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 28
Determination of flash point —
Secretariat: NEN
Modified continuously closed cup
Voting begins on:
flash point (MCCCFP) method
2026-01-02
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode modifiée du point
Voting terminates on:
d'éclair en vase clos en continu (MCCCFP)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Chemicals and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 2
7.1 General .2
7.2 Location of the apparatus .2
7.3 Cleaning the test chamber and sample cup .2
7.4 Apparatus assembly .3
7.5 Apparatus verification .3
8 Sampling . 3
9 Sample handling . 4
9.1 Sub-sampling .4
9.2 Sample containing undissolved water.4
9.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature .4
9.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature.4
10 Procedure . 4
10.1 General preparations .4
10.1.1 Settings .4
10.1.2 Dry cup heating procedure .5
10.1.3 Selection of initial temperature .5
10.2 Flash point test procedure .5
11 Calculation . 6
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading .6
11.2 Correction of detected flash point to flash point at standard atmospheric pressure .6
12 Expression of results . 7
13 Precision . 7
13.1 General .7
13.2 Repeatability, r.7
13.3 Reproducibility, R .7
14 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Apparatus verification using reference materials . 9
Annex B (normative) Flash point apparatus .12
Bibliography .16
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and
lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum,
synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Flash point values are used in shipping, storage, handling, and safety regulations, as a classification property
to define flammable and combustible materials.
A flash point value can indicate the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or
non-flammable material. Flash point testing can be a preliminary step to other investigations into the
composition of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate for flash point determinations to be carried out on potentially unstable, decomposable,
or explosive materials, unless it has been previously established that heating the specified quantity of such
materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash point apparatus, within the temperature
range required for the method, does not induce decomposition, explosion or other adverse effects.
Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of
the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash
point can therefore be defined only in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can
be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from
that specified.
[8]
ISO/TR 29662 gives useful guidance on carrying out flash point tests and interpreting their results.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 24966:2026(en)
Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed
cup flash point (MCCCFP) method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and
health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the applicability of any
other restrictions for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document describes a test method for the determination of the flash point of chemicals, lube oils, fuels
including aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends and related products. The precision of
this method has been determined over the range of 24,5 °C to 229,5 °C.
NOTE Apparatus can determine the flash point at higher or lower temperatures than the precision range, however
the precision has not been determined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170, Hydrocarbon Liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapours of the test portion to ignite under
specified conditions of test
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this test method, the test portion is deemed to have flashed when the ignited
vapour causes an instantaneous pressure increase of at least 20,0 kPa inside the closed test chamber.
3.2
arc
luminous discharge of electrical current that is formed when a strong current jumps a gap between two
electrodes
4 Principle
A 2 ml test portion is introduced into the sample cup, which is then raised and pressed onto the lid to form
the continuously closed but unsealed test chamber. The lid is heated at a prescribed, constant rate. For the
flash tests, a high voltage arc of defined energy is discharged inside the test chamber at regular intervals.
After each arc application, the instantaneous pressure increase above the barometric pressure inside the
test chamber is monitored. When the pressure increase is equal to or exceeds 20,0 kPa, the temperature
at that point is recorded as the detected flash point. The detected flash point temperature is corrected for
the variation in ambient pressure from a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa. When no flash point is detected,
a defined amount of air dependent on the test portion temperature is introduced into the test chamber to
provide the necessary oxygen for the next flash test.
5 Chemicals and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for removal of traces of the sample from the sample cup and lid.
The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested, and the tenacity of the residue. Low
volatility aromatic (benzene free) solvents may be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents such as
toluene-acetone-methanol can be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Reference material (RM) for flash point, i.e. either a certified reference material (CRM) or secondary
working standard (SWS), or both, as specified in Annex A.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus specified in Annex B, including the details of the test chamber and sample cup together
with dimensions. The critical elements are shown in Figure B.1 and Figure B.2.
6.2 Circulating bath or tap water (optional), can be required for cooling the heat sink of the apparatus
for flash point test temperatures below 5 °C.
6.3 Cooling cup (optional), cup made of plastic material to avoid ice formation during cooling to initial
temperatures equal to or less than 0 °C.
6.4 Pipette or syringe, for the introduction of 2,0 ml ± 0,2 ml test portion.
7 Apparatus preparation
7.1 General
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct set-up, calibration, verification (7.5) and operation of
the apparatus.
7.2 Location of the apparatus
Support the apparatus (6.1) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free position.
7.3 Cleaning the test chamber and sample cup
Clean the sample cup, sample temperature sensor, lid, arc pins and stirring magnet with a tissue or with
an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from a previous test. When
solvents are used, dry with a stream of clean air to ensure complete removal.
Cleaning arcs may be selected to burn off residuals from the arc pins. These cleaning arcs are automatically
initiated before the flash point test is started.
7.4 Apparatus assembly
Examine the sample cup and other parts to ensure that they are free from signs of damage and deposits.
7.5 Apparatus verification
7.5.1 Check the temperature sensors used to monitor the temperature of the test portion and of the
lid against a certified reference thermometer at least once a year. Use only reference thermometers with
calibration/verification traceable to a national certification organization. If the displayed temperature
readings deviate from the reference thermometer by more than 0,2 °C for the sample sensor and 0,5 °C for
the lid sensor, at either of the two temperature calibration points, follow the manufacturer's instructions for
corrections.
7.5.2 Check the pressure transducer at least once a year using the atmospheric barometric pressure as a
reference.
If the displayed atmospheric pressure deviates from the atmospheric pressure by more than 0,5 kPa, follow
the manufacturer's instructions for corrections.
WARNING — Many aneroid barometers, such as those used at weather stations and airports, are
pre-corrected to give sea level readings. These shall not be used for verification of the pressure
transducer.
7.5.3 Verify the correct amount of air being introduced at least once per year. Follow the manufacturer’s
instructions.
7.5.4 Verify the correct functioning of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a certified reference
material (CRM) (as specified in 5.2 and Annex A). It is recommended that more frequent verification checks
are made using an RM (as specified in 5.2 and Annex A).
7.5.5 The result of a single test obtained for an RM shall be equal to or less than R /√2 from the certified
value of the CRM or from the accepted reference value (ARV) of the SWS, where R is the reproducibility.
7.5.6 The numerical values obtained during the verification check shall not be used to provide a bias
statement, nor shall they be used to make any correction to the flash points subsequently determined using
the apparatus.
If the instrument fails the verification test, it is recommended that the operator follows the manufacturers’
instructions and also checks the following and then repeats the verification check:
a) the sample cup is not damaged;
b) cleanliness of the lid, sample temperature sensor and arc pins;
c) ignition source operates correctly.
If there is no obvious non-conformity, conduct a further verification check using a different RM. If the result
conforms to the tolerance requirements, record this fact. If it is still not within the required tolerances,
contact the manufacturer.
8 Sampling
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, obtain representative samples for analysis in accordance with the
procedures given in ISO 3170 or ISO 3171.
8.2 Do not store samples for an extended period of time in gas permeable containers, such as plastic,
because volatile material can diffuse through the walls of the container. Discard samples in leaky containers
and obtain new samples.
8.3 Erroneously high flash points can be obtained when precautions are not taken to avoid loss of volatile
material. Do not open containers unnecessarily, to prevent loss of volatile material or possible introduction
of moisture. Avoid storage of samples at temperatures in excess of 30 °C. Samples for storage shall be capped
tightly with inner seals. Do not make a transfer unless the sample temperature is at least 18 °C below the
expected flash point. If possible, perform the determination of flash point as the first test.
9 Sample handling
9.1 Sub-sampling
Cool or adjust the temperature of the sample and its container to at least 18 °C below the expected flash point
before opening to remove the test portion. If an aliquot of the original sample is required to be stored prior
to t
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Date: 2025-11-25
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Secretariat: NEN
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Determination of flash point— — Modified continuously closed cup
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flash point (MCCCFP) method
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Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode modifiée du point d'éclair en vase clos en continu (MCCCFP)
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St l D fi iti
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
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ii
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Contents Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Chemicals and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 2
7.1 General. 2
7.2 Location of the apparatus . 2
7.3 Cleaning the test chamber and sample cup . 2
7.4 Apparatus assembly . 3
7.5 Apparatus verification . 3
8 Sampling . 3
9 Sample handling . 4
9.1 Sub-sampling . 4
9.2 Sample containing undissolved water . 4
9.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature . 4
9.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature . 4
10 Procedure . 4
10.1 General preparations . 4
10.2 Flash point test procedure. 5
11 Calculation . 6
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading . 6
11.2 Correction of detected flash point to flash point at standard atmospheric pressure . 6
12 Expression of results . 7
13 Precision . 7
13.1 General. 7
13.2 Repeatability, r . 7
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 7
14 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Apparatus verification using reference materials . 9
Annex B (normative) Flash point apparatus . 13
Bibliography . 19
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Foreword . v
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Introduction . vi
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1 Scope . 1
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2 Normative references . 1
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3 Terms and definitions . 1
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
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4 Principle . 2
5 Chemicals and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 2
7.1 General. 2
7.2 Location of the apparatus . 2
7.3 Cleaning the test chamber and sample cup . 2
7.4 Apparatus assembly . 3
7.5 Apparatus verification . 3
8 Sampling . 3
9 Sample handling . 4
9.1 Sub-sampling . 4
9.2 Sample containing undissolved water . 4
9.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature . 4
9.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature . 4
10 Procedure . 4
10.1 General preparations . 4
10.1.1 Settings . 4
10.1.2 Dry cup heating procedure . 5
10.1.3 Selection of initial temperature . 5
10.2 Flash point test procedure. 5
11 Calculation . 6
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading . 6
11.2 Correction of detected flash point to flash point at standard atmospheric pressure . 6
12 Expression of results . 6
13 Precision . 6
13.1 General. 6
13.2 Repeatability, r . 7
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 7
14 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Apparatus verification using reference materials . 8
A.1 General. 8
A.2 Reference materials . 8
A.3 Procedure . 8
A.4 Evaluation of test result . 9
A.4.1 General. 9
A.4.1.1 Single test . 9
A.4.2 Test conformance . 10
A.4.3 Test non-conformance . 10
Annex B (normative) Flash point apparatus . 11
B.1 General. 11
B.2 Flash point apparatus, continuously closed cup operation . 11
B.2.1 Test chamber . 11
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iv
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B.2.2 Temperature sensors . 11
B.2.3 Air introduction . 11
B.2.4 Temperature control . 11
B.2.4.1 Ignition . 12
B.2.5 Flash point detection . 12
B.2.6 Magnetic stirring . 12
B.3 Sample cup . 12
Bibliography . 15
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
v
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Foreword Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and
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lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum,
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synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
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CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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Field Code Changed
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vi
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Introduction
Flash point values are used in shipping, storage, handling, and safety regulations, as a classification property
to define flammable and combustible materials.
A flash point value can indicate the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or non-
flammable material. Flash point testing can be a preliminary step to other investigations into the composition
of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate for flash point determinations to be carried out on potentially unstable, decomposable,
or explosive materials, unless it has been previously established that heating the specified quantity of such
materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash point apparatus, within the temperature range
required for the method, does not induce decomposition, explosion or other adverse effects.
Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the
apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point
can therefore be defined only in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can be
guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from that
specified.
[8][8]
ISO/TR 29662 gives useful adviceguidance on carrying out flash point tests and interpreting their results.
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
vii
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Determination of flash point — Modified continuously closed cup
flash point (MCCCFP) method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health
of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the applicability of any other
restrictions for this purpose.
1 Scope
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This document describes a test method for the determination of theflashthe flash point of chemicals, lube oils,
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fuels including aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, diesel/biodiesel blends and related products. The precision of
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
this method has been determined over the range of 24,5 °C to 229,5 °C.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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NOTE Apparatus can determine the flash point at higher or lower temperatures than the precision range, however
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the precision has not been determined.
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
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requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 3170, PetroleumHydrocarbon Liquids — Manual sampling
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
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— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1 3.1
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flash point
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lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from
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101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapours of the test portion to ignite under
numbers
specified conditions of test
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Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this test method, the test portion is deemed to have flashed when
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the ignited vapour causes an instantaneous pressure increase of at least 20,0 kPa inside the closed test chamber.
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
3.2 3.2
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arc
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luminous discharge of electrical current that is formed when a strong current jumps a gap between two
numbers
electrodes
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Not at 17.2 cm
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4 Principle
A 2 ml test portion is introduced into the sample cup, which is then raised and pressed onto the lid to form the
continuously closed but unsealed test chamber. The lid is heated at a prescribed, constant rate. For the flash
tests, a high voltage arc of defined energy is discharged inside the test chamber at regular intervals. After each
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arc application, the instantaneous pressure increase above the barometric pressure inside the test chamber is
monitored. When the pressure increase is equal to or exceeds 20,0 kPa, the temperature at that point is
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recorded as the detected flash point. The detected flash point temperature is corrected for the variation in
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ambient pressure from a standard pressure of 101,3 kPa. When no flash point is detected, a defined amount
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of air dependent on the test portion temperature is introduced into the test chamber to provide the necessary
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
oxygen for the next flash test.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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5 Chemicals and materials
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5.1 5.1 Cleaning solvent, for removal of traces of the sample from the sample cup and lid. Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold
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The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested, and the tenacity of the residue. Low volatility
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aromatic (benzene free) solvents may be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents such as toluene-
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acetone-methanol can be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.
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5.2 5.2 Reference material (RM) for flash point, i.e. either a certified reference material (CRM)
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or secondary working standard (SWS), or both, as specified in Annex A.Annex A.
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6 Apparatus
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
6.1 6.1 Apparatus specified in Annex B,Annex B, including the details of the test chamber and
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sample cup together with dimensions. The critical elements are shown in Figure B.1 and
Figure B.2.Figure B.1 and Figure B.2.
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6.2 6.2 Circulating bath or tap water (optional), can be required for cooling the heat sink of the
apparatus for flash point test temperatures below 5 °C.
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6.3 6.3 Cooling cup (optional), cup made of plastic material to avoid ice formation during cooling to
initial temperatures equal to or less than 0 °C.
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6.4 6.4 Pipette or syringe, for the introduction of 2,0 ml ± 0,2 ml test portion.
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7 Apparatus preparation
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct set-up, calibration, verification (7.5)(7.5) and operation
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of the apparatus.
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7.2 Location of the apparatus
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Support the apparatus (6.1)(6.1) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free position.
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7.3 Cleaning the test chamber and sample cup Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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Clean the sample cup, sample temperature sensor, lid, arc pins and stirring magnet with a tissue or with an
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appropriate solvent (5.1)(5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from a previous test. When
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
solvents are used, dry with a stream of clean air to ensure complete removal.
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Cleaning arcs may be selected to burn off residuals from the arc pins. These cleaning arcs are automatically
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initiated before the flash point test is started.
7.4 Apparatus assembly
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Examine the sample cup and other parts to ensure that they are free from signs of damage and deposits.
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7.5 Apparatus verification
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7.5.1 7.5.1 Check the temperature sensors used to monitor the temperature of the test portion and of the
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lid against a certified reference thermometer at least once a year. Use only reference thermometers with .
calibration/verification traceable to a national certification organization. If the displayed temperature
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readings deviate from the reference thermometer by more than 0,2 °C for the sample sensor and 0,5 °C for the
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lid sensor, at either one of the two temperature calibration points, follow the manufacturer's instructions for
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corrections.
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7.5.2 7.5.2 Check the pressure transducer at least once a year using the atmospheric barometric pressure .
as a reference.
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If the displayed atmospheric pressure deviates from the atmospheric pressure by more than 0,5 kPa, follow
the manufacturer's instructions for corrections.
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WARNING — Many aneroid barometers, such as those used at weather stations and airports, are pre-
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corrected to give sea level readings. These shall not be used for verification of the pressure transducer. .
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7.5.3 7.5.3 Verify the correct amount of air being introduced at least once per year. Follow the
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manufacturer’s instructions. .
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7.5.4 7.5.4 Verify the correct functioning of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a certified
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reference material (CRM) (as specified in 5.25.2 and Annex A).Annex A). It is recommended that more
frequent verification checks are made using an RM ( as specified in 5.25.2 and Annex A).Annex A).
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7.5.5 7.5.5 The result of a single test obtained for an RM shall be equal to or less than R /√2 from the .
certified value of the CRM or from the accepted reference value (ARV) of the SWS, where R is the
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reproducibility.
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7.5.6 7.5.6 The numerical values obtained during the verification check shall not be used to provide a bias
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statement, nor shall they be used to make any correction to the flash points subsequently determined using
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the apparatus.
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If the instrument fails the verification test, it is recommended that the operator follows the manufacturers’
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instructions and also checks the following and then repeats the verification check:
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a) a) the sample cup is not damaged;
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b) b) cleanliness of the lid, sample temperature sensor and arc pins;
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c) c) ignition source operates correctly.
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If there is no obvious non-conformity, conduct a further verification check using a different RM. If the result Formatted
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conforms to the tolerance requirements, record this fact. If it is still not within the required tolerances, contact
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the manufacturer.
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8 Sampling .
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8.1 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, obtain representative samples for analysis in accordance with the
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procedures given in ISO 3170 or ISO 3171.
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
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8.2 8.2 Do not store samples for an extended period of time in gas permeable containers, such as
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plastic, because volatile material can diffuse through the walls of the container. Discard samples in leaky
containers and obtain new samples.
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8.3 8.3 Erroneously high flash points can be obtained when precautions are not taken to avoid loss of
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volatile material. Do not open containers unnecessarily, to prevent loss of volatile material or possible
introduction of moisture. Avoid storage of samples at temperatures in excess of 30 °C. Samples for storage
shall be capped tightly with inner seals. Do not make a transfer unless the sample temperature is at least 18 °C
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below the expected flash point. If possible, perform the determination of flash point as the first test.
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9 Sample handling
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9.1 Sub-sampling
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Cool or adjust the temperature of the sample and its container to at least 18 °C below the expected flash point
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before opening to remove the test portion. If an aliquot of the original sample is required to be stored prior to
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testing, ensure that the container is still filled to at least 85 % of its capacity. Gently mix the subsample to
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ensure uniformity, so that the loss of the volatile components and light ends are minimized.
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
9.2 Sample containing undissolved water
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9.2.1 9.2.1 Flash point results can be affected by the presence of water. If a sample contains undissolved
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water, decant an aliquot from the water prior to mixing.
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
9.2.2 9.2.2 For certain products, it is not possible to decant the sample from the free water. Such samples
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
may be dehydrated with calcium chloride or by filtering through a qualitative filter paper or a loose plug of
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dry absorbent cotton.
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9.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperature
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Mix samples by gentle manual shaking prior to removal of the test portion, taking care to minimize the loss of
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
volatile components and proceed in accordance with Clause 10.Clause 10.
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9.4 Samples that are very viscous, semi-solid or solid at ambient temperature Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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Samples shall be heated in their containers, with lid/cap slightly loosened to avoid build-up of dangerous
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pressure, at the lowest temperature adequate to liquefy any solids, not exceeding 18 °C below the expected
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
flash point, for 30 min. If the sample is then not completely liquefied, extend the heating period for additional
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30 min periods as necessary. Then gently agitate the sample to provide mixing, such as orbiting the container
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horizontally, before transferring to the sample cup. No sample shall be heated and transferred unless its
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temperature is at least 18 °C below its expected flash point.
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
NOTE Volatile vapours can escape during heating when the sample container lid/cap is too loose.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
10 Procedure Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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10.1 General preparations
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10.1.1 Settings
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
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Set the following parameters:
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
— — heating rate = = 2,5 °C/min
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— — ignition interval = = 1 °C
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— — threshold for the flash detection = = 20,0 kPa
— — ambient air introduction volume to the values listed in Table 1.Table 1.
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Table 1 — Volume of introduced air as a function of test portion temperature
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numbers
Temperature range (° Introduced volume of air (
°C) ml)
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below 80 0
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80 to below 150 0,5 ± 0,15
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150 to below 200 1 ± 0,2
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200 to below 300 1,5 ± 0,3
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300 and above 2,0 ± 0,4
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10.1.2 Dry cup heating procedure
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If the expected flash point of a test portion is more than 15 °C higher than the flash point of the previous test
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portion, heat the lid together with an empty and dry sample cup to a temperature 30 °C higher than the
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expected flash point of the new test portion. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
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NOTE The dry cup heating procedure eliminates possible cross contamination from residual vapours.
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10.1.3 Selection of initial temperature
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If an expected flash point is known, it is recommended to set the initial temperature (at which actual flash
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point testing will start) to 18 °C below the expected flash point. Set the final temperature to a value of 20 °C
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above the expected flash point.
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and numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm +
If the expected flash point is not known, cool the sample below 10 °C and set the initial temperature to 10 °C.
1.27 cm
Unknown samples, which are expected to be highly flammable, shall be cooled far below 10 ᵒ °C, since the
precautionary arcs will cause a flash point in case it is far below the initial temperature of 10 ᵒ °C. Set the final
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temperature to the highest temperature of interest. Measure the material to be tested in the manner described
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in 10.2.10.2. This flash point result shall be considered as approximate. This approximate flash point value can
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be used as the expected flash point when a fresh test portion is tested in the standard mode of operation.
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10.2 Flash point test procedure
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10.2.1 10.2.1 Once the test procedure is started, the barometric pressure is recorded for correction of a
detected flash point.
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10.2.2 10.2.2 The lid temperature is regulating to the initial temperature. Wait until the initial temperature
is reached as indicated b
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