IEC 62282-2:2012

IEC 62282-2


®


Edition 2.0 2012-03



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colourcolour
insinsiidede


Fuel cell technologies –
Part 2: Fuel cell modules

Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 2: Modules à piles à combustible



IEC 62282-2:2012

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IEC 62282-2



®


Edition 2.0 2012-03







INTERNATIONAL





STANDARD







NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Fuel cell technologies –

Part 2: Fuel cell modules




Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 2: Modules à piles à combustible

















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

X
CODE PRIX


ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-0041-4



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – 62282-2 © IEC:2012



CONTENTS

FOREWORD . 4


INTRODUCTION . 6

1 Scope . 7

2 Normative references . 8


3 Terms and definitions . 9

4 Requirements . 12

4.1 General safety strategy . 12

4.2 Design requirements . 14
4.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2 Behaviour at normal and abnormal operating conditions . 14
4.2.3 Leakage . 14
4.2.4 Pressurized operation . 14
4.2.5 Fire and ignition. 15
4.2.6 Safeguarding . 16
4.2.7 Piping and fittings . 16
4.2.8 Electrical components . 17
4.2.9 Terminals and electrical connections . 17
4.2.10 Live parts . 18
4.2.11 Insulating materials, dielectric strength . 18
4.2.12 Bonding . 18
4.2.13 Shock and vibration . 18
5 Type tests . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Shock and vibration test . 19
5.3 Gas leakage test . 19
5.4 Normal operation . 20
5.5 Allowable working pressure test . 21
5.6 Pressure withstanding test of cooling system . 21
5.7 Continuous and short-time electrical rating . 21
5.8 Overpressure test . 21
5.9 Dielectric strength test . 22
5.10 Differential pressure test . 23

5.11 Gas leakage test (repeat) . 24
5.12 Normal operation (repeat) . 24
5.13 Flammable concentration test . 24
5.14 Tests of abnormal conditions . 24
5.14.1 General . 24
5.14.2 Fuel starvation test . 25
5.14.3 Oxygen/oxidant starvation test . 25
5.14.4 Short-circuit test . 25
5.14.5 Lack of cooling/impaired cooling test . 25
5.14.6 Crossover monitoring system test . 26
5.14.7 Freeze/thaw cycle tests . 26
6 Routine tests . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 Gas-tightness test . 26

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62282-2 © IEC:2012 – 3 –


6.3 Dielectric strength withstand test . 27

7 Markings and instructions . 27


7.1 Nameplate . 27

7.2 Marking . 27

7.3 Warning label . 27

7.4 Documentation . 27

7.4.1 General . 27

7.4.2 Installation manual . 29

7.4.3 Installation diagram . 29


7.4.4 Operation manual . 30
7.4.5 Maintenance manual . 30
7.4.6 Parts list . 30
Annex A (informative) Additional information for the performance and evaluation of the
tests . 32
Annex B (informative) List of notes concerning particular conditions in certain
countries . 38
Bibliography . 39

Figure 1 – Fuel cell system components and scope of standard . 8

Table 1 – Dielectric strength test voltages (derived from EN 50178) . 23
Table A.1 – Viscosity of gases at one atmosphere . 35

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________



FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –



Part 2: Fuel cell modules





FOREWORD


1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62282-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel

cell technologies.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2004, its amendment 1
(2007) and constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• inclusion of definitions for hazards and hazardous locations based on the IEC 60079
series;
• the general safety strategy is modified to reflect the needs for different application
standards. The modifications are in line with similar modifications made to
IEC 62282-3-100;
• the electrical components clause is modified to reflect the needs for different application
standards. The modifications are in line with similar modifications made to
IEC 62282-3-100;

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62282-2 © IEC:2012 – 5 –


• the marking and instructions have been enlarged to provide the system integrator with the

necessary information.


The text of this standard is based on the following documents:


FDIS Report on voting

105/378/FDIS 105/389/RVD



Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.


This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that Annex B lists all of the “in-some-country”
clauses on differing practices of a less permanent nature relating to the subject of this
standard.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

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– 6 – 62282-2 © IEC:2012


INTRODUCTION


Fuel cell modules are electrochemical devices which convert continuously supplied fuel, such

as hydrogen or hydrogen rich gases, alcohols, hydrocarbons and oxidants to d.c. power, heat,

water and other by-products.


Fuel cell modules are sub-assemblies that are integrated into end-use products incorporating

one or more fuel cell stacks and, if applicable, additional components.

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62282-2 © IEC:2012 – 7 –


FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –



Part 2: Fuel cell modules








1 Scope


This part of IEC 62282 provides the minimum requirements for safety and performance of fuel

cell modules and applies to fuel cell modules with the following electrolyte chemistry:
– alkaline;
1
– polymer electrolyte (including direct methanol fuel cells) ;
– phosphoric acid;
– molten carbonate;
– solid oxide;
– aqueous solution of salts.
Fuel cell modules can be provided with or without an enclosure and can be operated at
significant pressurization levels or close to ambient pressure.
This standard deals with conditions that can yield hazards to persons and cause damage
outside the fuel cell modules. Protection against damage inside the fuel cell modules is not
addressed in this standard, provided it does not lead to hazards outside the module.
These requirements may be superseded by other standards for equipment containing fuel cell
modules as required for particular applications.
This standard does not cover road vehicle applications.
This standard is not intended to limit or inhibit technological advancement. An appliance
employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed in the
requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the purpose of these
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with
this standard.
The fuel cell modules are components of final products. These products require evaluation to
appropriate end-product safety requirements.

———————
1
 Also known as proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

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Fuel cell power system
Scope

System boundary

Power inputs
 Electrical

 Thermal
Thermal
Useable heat
  Mechanical management
system
Waste heat
Fuel
Fuel
processing
system

Fuel Power
cell conditioning
Useable power
module system
  electrical
Oxidant
 mechanical
Oxidant processing
system Water Internal power
treatment needs
Condensate
Ventilation system
Inert gas Energy to
Ventilation
Exhaust gases
Water Automatic elec./mech.
system
control conversion EMI
system system noise
EMD vibration
vibration,
wind, rain,
temperature
IEC  331/12
etc.

Key
EMD electromagnetic disturbance
EMI electromagnetic interference
Figure 1 – Fuel cell system components
This standard covers only up to the d.c. output of the fuel cell module.
This standard does not apply to peripheral devices as illustrated in Figure 1.
This standard does not cover the storage and delivery of fuel and oxidant to the fuel cell
module.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.
IEC 60079 (all parts), Explosive atmospheres
IEC 60079-10 (all Parts 10), Explosive atmospheres − Part 10: Classification of areas
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60352 (all parts), Solderless connections
IEC 60512-15 (all parts), Connectors for electronic equipment – Tests and measurements –
Part 15: Connector tests (mechanical)

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62282-2 © IEC:2012 – 9 –


IEC 60512-16 (all parts) Connectors for electronic equipment – Tests and measurements –

Part 16: Mechanical tests on contacts and terminations


IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)


IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams


IEC 60695 (all parts), Fire hazard testing


IEC 60730-1, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General

requirements

IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
IEC 62040-1, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: General and safety requirements
for UPS
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 23550, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances – General
requirements
EN 50178, Electronic equipment for use in power installations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acceptance test
contractual test to prove to the customer that the item meets certain conditions of its
specification

2
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-23] [1]
3.2
allowable differential working pressure
maximum pressure difference between the anode and cathode side specified by the
manufacturer which the fuel cell module can withstand without any damage or permanent loss
of functional properties
———————
2
 References in square brackets refer to the bibliography.

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3.3

allowable working pressure

maximum gauge pressure specified by the manufacturer which the fuel cell module can

withstand without any damage or permanent loss of functional properties


Note 1 to entry: For fuel cell modules incorporating pressure relief devices, this is normally used to define the
threshold of the set pressure.

3.4

ambient temperature

temperature of the medium surrounding a device, equipment or installation which may affect

the performance of the device, equipment or installation

3.5
conditioning
(related to cells/stacks) preliminary step that is required to properly operate a fuel cell module
(3.8) and that is realized following a protocol specified by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The conditioning may include reversible and/or irreversible processes depending on the cell
technology.
3.6
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical
energy (DC power), heat and reaction products
Note 1 to entry: The fuel and oxidant are typically stored outside the fuel cell and transferred into the fuel cell as
they are consumed.
3.7
fuel cell stack
assembly of cells, separators, cooling plates, manifolds and a supporting structure that
electrochemically converts, typically, hydrogen rich gas and air reactants to DC power, heat
and other reaction products
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-1:2010, 3.50] [2]
3.8
fuel cell module
assembly incorporating one or more fuel cell stacks and other main and, if applicable,
additional components, which is intended to be integrated into a power system
Note 1 to entry: A fuel cell module is comprised of the following main components: one or more fuel cell stack(s),
piping system for conveying fuels, oxidants and exhausts, electrical connections for the power delivered by the
stack(s) and means for monitoring and/or control. Additionally, a fuel cell module may comprise: means for
conveying additional fluids (e.g. cooling media, inert gas), means for detecting normal and/or abnormal operating
conditions, enclosures or pressure vessels and module ventilation systems.
3.9
rated current
maximum continuous electric current as specified by the fuel cell module manufacturer at
which the fuel cell module has been designed to operate
3.10
crossover
cross leakage
leakage between the fuel side and the oxidant side, of a fuel cell, in either direction, generally
through the electrolyte
3.11
gas leakage
sum of all gases leaving the fuel cell module except the intended exhaust gases

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62282-2 © IEC:2012 – 11 –


Note 1 to entry: Gas leakage may occur from

– the fuel cell stack;

– associated pressure relief devices;

– other gas ducting and flow controlling components.

3.12

hazard

potential source of harm in the form of physical injury to the health of people, property or the

environment


3.13

hazardous area
classified area
area or space where combustible dust, ignitable fibres, or flammable, volatile liquids, gases,
vapours or mixtures are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce
explosive or ignitable mixtures
3.14
heat deflection temperature
temperature at which a standard test bar deflects a specified distance under load
Note 1 to entry: It is used to determine short-term heat resistance.
3.15
lower flammability limit
LFL
minimum concentration of fuel in a fuel-air mixture where a combustion can be ignited by an
ignition source
Note 1 to entry: A fuel-air mixture is flammable when combustion can be started by an ignition source. The main
component is the proportions or composition of the fuel-air mixture. A mixture that has less than a critical amount
of fuel, known as the lower flammability limit (LFL) or more than a critical amount of fuel, known as the rich or
upper flammability limit (UFL), will not be flammable.
3.16
maximum operating pressure
maximum pressure, specified by the manufacturer of a component or system, at which it is
designed to operate continuously
Note 1 to entry: The maximum operating pressure is expressed in Pa.
Note 2 to entry: Includes all normal operation, both steady state and transient.
3.17
minimum voltage

lowest voltage that a fuel cell module is able to p
...